Module egui::viewport

egui supports multiple viewports, corresponding to multiple native windows.

Not all egui backends support multiple viewports, but eframe native does (but not on web).

You can spawn a new viewport using Context::show_viewport_deferred and Context::show_viewport_immediate. These needs to be called every frame the viewport should be visible.

This is implemented by the native eframe backend, but not the web one.

Viewport classes

The viewports form a tree of parent-child relationships.

There are different classes of viewports.

Root viewport

The root viewport is the original viewport, and cannot be closed without closing the application.

Deferred viewports

These are created with Context::show_viewport_deferred. Deferred viewports take a closure that is called by the integration at a later time, perhaps multiple times. Deferred viewports are repainted independently of the parent viewport. This means communication with them needs to be done via channels, or Arc/Mutex.

This is the most performant type of child viewport, though a bit more cumbersome to work with compared to immediate viewports.

Immediate viewports

These are created with Context::show_viewport_immediate. Immediate viewports take a FnOnce closure, similar to other egui functions, and is called immediately. This makes communication with them much simpler than with deferred viewports, but this simplicity comes at a cost: whenever the parent viewports needs to be repainted, so will the child viewport, and vice versa. This means that if you have N viewports you are potentially doing N times as much CPU work. However, if all your viewports are showing animations, and thus are repainting constantly anyway, this doesn’t matter.

In short: immediate viewports are simpler to use, but can waste a lot of CPU time.

Embedded viewports

These are not real, independent viewports, but is a fallback mode for when the integration does not support real viewports. In your callback is called with ViewportClass::Embedded it means you need to create a crate::Window to wrap your ui in, which will then be embedded in the parent viewport, unable to escape it.

Using the viewports

Only one viewport is active at any one time, identified with Context::viewport_id. You can modify the current (change the title, resize the window, etc) by sending a ViewportCommand to it using Context::send_viewport_cmd. You can interact with other viewports using Context::send_viewport_cmd_to.

There is an example in https://github.com/emilk/egui/tree/master/examples/multiple_viewports/src/main.rs.

You can find all available viewports in crate::RawInput::viewports and the active viewport in crate::InputState::viewport:

ctx.input(|i| {
    dbg!(&i.viewport()); // Current viewport
    dbg!(&i.raw.viewports); // All viewports
});

For integrations

• There is a crate::InputState::viewport with information about the current viewport.
• There is a crate::RawInput::viewports with information about all viewports.
• The repaint callback set by Context::set_request_repaint_callback points to which viewport should be repainted.
• crate::FullOutput::viewport_output is a list of viewports which should result in their own independent windows.
• To support immediate viewports you need to call Context::set_immediate_viewport_renderer.
• If you support viewports, you need to call Context::set_embed_viewports with false, or all new viewports will be embedded (the default behavior).

Future work

There are several more things related to viewports that we want to add. Read more at https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/3556.

Structs

• IconData
  Image data for an application icon.
• ImmediateViewport
  Viewport for immediate rendering.
• ViewportBuilder
  Control the building of a new egui viewport (i.e. native window).
• ViewportId
  A unique identifier of a viewport.
• ViewportIdPair
  A pair of ViewportId, used to identify a viewport and its parent.
• ViewportOutput
  Describes a viewport, i.e. a native window.

Enums

• CursorGrab
• IMEPurpose
• ResizeDirection
• SystemTheme
• ViewportClass
  The different types of viewports supported by egui.
• ViewportCommand
  An output viewport-command from egui to the backend, e.g. to change the window title or size.
• WindowLevel
• X11WindowType

Type Aliases

• DeferredViewportUiCallback
  The user-code that shows the ui in the viewport, used for deferred viewports.
• ImmediateViewportRendererCallback
  Render the given viewport, calling the given ui callback.
• ViewportIdMap
  A fast hash map from ViewportId to T.
• ViewportIdSet
  A fast hash set of ViewportId.