#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct OsStr {
inner: Slice,
}
Expand description
Borrowed reference to an OS string (see OsString
).
This type represents a borrowed reference to a string in the operating system’s preferred
representation.
&OsStr
is to OsString
as &str
is to String
: the
former in each pair are borrowed references; the latter are owned strings.
See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for a discussion on
the traits which OsStr
implements for conversions from/to native representations.
Coerces into an OsStr
slice.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
Converts a slice of bytes to an OS string slice without checking that the string contains
valid OsStr
-encoded data.
The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8.
By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit
ASCII.
See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for safe,
cross-platform conversions from/to native representations.
§Safety
As the encoding is unspecified, callers must pass in bytes that originated as a mixture of
validated UTF-8 and bytes from OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
from within the same Rust version
built for the same target platform. For example, reconstructing an OsStr
from bytes sent
over the network or stored in a file will likely violate these safety rules.
Due to the encoding being self-synchronizing, the bytes from OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
can be
split either immediately before or immediately after any valid non-empty UTF-8 substring.
§Example
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("Mary had a little lamb");
let bytes = os_str.as_encoded_bytes();
let words = bytes.split(|b| *b == b' ');
let words: Vec<&OsStr> = words.map(|word| {
unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(word) }
}).collect();
Yields a &str
slice if the OsStr
is valid Unicode.
This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
assert_eq!(os_str.to_str(), Some("foo"));
Converts an OsStr
to a Cow<str>
.
Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
.
§Examples
Calling to_string_lossy
on an OsStr
with invalid unicode:
#[cfg(unix)] {
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
let source = [0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f];
let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&source[..]);
assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
}
#[cfg(windows)] {
use std::ffi::OsString;
use std::os::windows::prelude::*;
let source = [0x0066, 0x006f, 0xD800, 0x006f];
let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&source[..]);
let os_str = os_string.as_os_str();
assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
}
Copies the slice into an owned OsString
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
let os_string = os_str.to_os_string();
assert_eq!(os_string, OsString::from("foo"));
Checks whether the OsStr
is empty.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("");
assert!(os_str.is_empty());
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
assert!(!os_str.is_empty());
Returns the length of this OsStr
.
Note that this does not return the number of bytes in the string in
OS string form.
The length returned is that of the underlying storage used by OsStr
.
As discussed in the OsString
introduction, OsString
and OsStr
store strings in a form best suited for cheap inter-conversion between
native-platform and Rust string forms, which may differ significantly
from both of them, including in storage size and encoding.
This number is simply useful for passing to other methods, like
OsString::with_capacity
to avoid reallocations.
See the main OsString
documentation information about encoding and capacity units.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("");
assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 0);
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 3);
Converts an OS string slice to a byte slice. To convert the byte slice back into an OS
string slice, use the OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked
function.
The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8.
By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit
ASCII.
Note: As the encoding is unspecified, any sub-slice of bytes that is not valid UTF-8 should
be treated as opaque and only comparable within the same Rust version built for the same
target platform. For example, sending the slice over the network or storing it in a file
will likely result in incompatible byte slices. See OsString
for more encoding details
and std::ffi
for platform-specific, specified conversions.
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (os_str_slice
)
Takes a substring based on a range that corresponds to the return value of
OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
.
The range’s start and end must lie on valid OsStr
boundaries.
A valid OsStr
boundary is one of:
- The start of the string
- The end of the string
- Immediately before a valid non-empty UTF-8 substring
- Immediately after a valid non-empty UTF-8 substring
§Panics
Panics if range
does not lie on valid OsStr
boundaries or if it
exceeds the end of the string.
§Example
#![feature(os_str_slice)]
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo=bar");
let bytes = os_str.as_encoded_bytes();
if let Some(index) = bytes.iter().position(|b| *b == b'=') {
let key = os_str.slice_encoded_bytes(..index);
let value = os_str.slice_encoded_bytes(index + 1..);
assert_eq!(key, "foo");
assert_eq!(value, "bar");
}
Converts this string to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.
ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’,
but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use
OsStr::to_ascii_lowercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let mut s = OsString::from("GRÜßE, JÜRGEN ❤");
s.make_ascii_lowercase();
assert_eq!("grÜße, jÜrgen ❤", s);
Converts this string to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.
ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’,
but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use
OsStr::to_ascii_uppercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let mut s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
s.make_ascii_uppercase();
assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s);
Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its
ASCII lower case equivalent.
ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’,
but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To lowercase the value in-place, use OsStr::make_ascii_lowercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert_eq!("grüße, jürgen ❤", s.to_ascii_lowercase());
Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its
ASCII upper case equivalent.
ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’,
but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To uppercase the value in-place, use OsStr::make_ascii_uppercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s.to_ascii_uppercase());
Checks if all characters in this string are within the ASCII range.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let ascii = OsString::from("hello!\n");
let non_ascii = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert!(ascii.is_ascii());
assert!(!non_ascii.is_ascii());
Checks that two strings are an ASCII case-insensitive match.
Same as to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b)
,
but without allocating and copying temporaries.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
assert!(OsString::from("Ferris").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRIS"));
assert!(OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRöS"));
assert!(!OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRÖS"));
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (os_str_display
)
Returns an object that implements Display
for safely printing an
OsStr
that may contain non-Unicode data. This may perform lossy
conversion, depending on the platform. If you would like an
implementation which escapes the OsStr
please use Debug
instead.
§Examples
#![feature(os_str_display)]
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let s = OsStr::new("Hello, world!");
println!("{}", s.display());
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
Immutably borrows from an owned value.
Read more
Performs copy-assignment from
source
.
Read more
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit
)
Performs copy-assignment from
self
to
dst
.
Read more
Formats the value using the given formatter.
Read more
Returns the “default value” for a type.
Read more
Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.
Read more
Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator.
Read more
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one
)
Extends a collection with exactly one element.
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one
)
Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements.
Read more
Copies the string into a newly allocated Arc<OsStr>
.
Copies the string into a newly allocated Box<OsStr>
.
Copies the string into a newly allocated Rc<OsStr>
.
Converts a Cow<'a, OsStr>
into a Box<OsStr>
,
by copying the contents if they are borrowed.
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_concat_trait
)
The resulting type after concatenation
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_concat_trait
)
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
Tests for self
and other
values to be equal, and is used by ==
.
Tests for !=
. The default implementation is almost always sufficient,
and should not be overridden without very good reason.
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
This method returns an ordering between
self
and
other
values if one exists.
Read more
Tests less than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<
operator.
Read more
Tests less than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
<=
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than (for
self
and
other
) and is used by the
>
operator.
Read more
Tests greater than or equal to (for
self
and
other
) and is used by
the
>=
operator.
Read more
Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.
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The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning.
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Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning.
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Tries to convert an &OsStr
to a &str
.
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
let as_str = <&str>::try_from(os_str).unwrap();
assert_eq!(as_str, "foo");
The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
Immutably borrows from an owned value.
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Mutably borrows from an owned value.
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