#[repr(transparent)]pub struct OsStr {
inner: Slice,
}
Expand description
Borrowed reference to an OS string (see OsString
).
This type represents a borrowed reference to a string in the operating system’s preferred representation.
&OsStr
is to OsString
as &str
is to String
: the
former in each pair are borrowed references; the latter are owned strings.
See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for a discussion on
the traits which OsStr
implements for conversions from/to native representations.
Fields§
§inner: Slice
Implementations§
source§impl OsStr
impl OsStr
1.74.0 · sourcepub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &[u8]) -> &OsStr
pub unsafe fn from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(bytes: &[u8]) -> &OsStr
Converts a slice of bytes to an OS string slice without checking that the string contains
valid OsStr
-encoded data.
The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8. By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit ASCII.
See the module’s toplevel documentation about conversions for safe, cross-platform conversions from/to native representations.
§Safety
As the encoding is unspecified, callers must pass in bytes that originated as a mixture of
validated UTF-8 and bytes from OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
from within the same Rust version
built for the same target platform. For example, reconstructing an OsStr
from bytes sent
over the network or stored in a file will likely violate these safety rules.
Due to the encoding being self-synchronizing, the bytes from OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
can be
split either immediately before or immediately after any valid non-empty UTF-8 substring.
§Example
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("Mary had a little lamb");
let bytes = os_str.as_encoded_bytes();
let words = bytes.split(|b| *b == b' ');
let words: Vec<&OsStr> = words.map(|word| {
// SAFETY:
// - Each `word` only contains content that originated from `OsStr::as_encoded_bytes`
// - Only split with ASCII whitespace which is a non-empty UTF-8 substring
unsafe { OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked(word) }
}).collect();
1.0.0 · sourcepub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>
pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>
Converts an OsStr
to a Cow<str>
.
Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
.
§Examples
Calling to_string_lossy
on an OsStr
with invalid unicode:
// Note, due to differences in how Unix and Windows represent strings,
// we are forced to complicate this example, setting up example `OsStr`s
// with different source data and via different platform extensions.
// Understand that in reality you could end up with such example invalid
// sequences simply through collecting user command line arguments, for
// example.
#[cfg(unix)] {
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
// Here, the values 0x66 and 0x6f correspond to 'f' and 'o'
// respectively. The value 0x80 is a lone continuation byte, invalid
// in a UTF-8 sequence.
let source = [0x66, 0x6f, 0x80, 0x6f];
let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&source[..]);
assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
}
#[cfg(windows)] {
use std::ffi::OsString;
use std::os::windows::prelude::*;
// Here the values 0x0066 and 0x006f correspond to 'f' and 'o'
// respectively. The value 0xD800 is a lone surrogate half, invalid
// in a UTF-16 sequence.
let source = [0x0066, 0x006f, 0xD800, 0x006f];
let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&source[..]);
let os_str = os_string.as_os_str();
assert_eq!(os_str.to_string_lossy(), "fo�o");
}
1.0.0 · sourcepub fn to_os_string(&self) -> OsString
pub fn to_os_string(&self) -> OsString
1.9.0 · sourcepub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool
pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool
Checks whether the OsStr
is empty.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("");
assert!(os_str.is_empty());
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
assert!(!os_str.is_empty());
1.9.0 · sourcepub fn len(&self) -> usize
pub fn len(&self) -> usize
Returns the length of this OsStr
.
Note that this does not return the number of bytes in the string in OS string form.
The length returned is that of the underlying storage used by OsStr
.
As discussed in the OsString
introduction, OsString
and OsStr
store strings in a form best suited for cheap inter-conversion between
native-platform and Rust string forms, which may differ significantly
from both of them, including in storage size and encoding.
This number is simply useful for passing to other methods, like
OsString::with_capacity
to avoid reallocations.
See the main OsString
documentation information about encoding and capacity units.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("");
assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 0);
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo");
assert_eq!(os_str.len(), 3);
1.20.0 · sourcepub fn into_os_string(self: Box<OsStr>) -> OsString
pub fn into_os_string(self: Box<OsStr>) -> OsString
1.74.0 · sourcepub fn as_encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
pub fn as_encoded_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
Converts an OS string slice to a byte slice. To convert the byte slice back into an OS
string slice, use the OsStr::from_encoded_bytes_unchecked
function.
The byte encoding is an unspecified, platform-specific, self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8. By being a self-synchronizing superset of UTF-8, this encoding is also a superset of 7-bit ASCII.
Note: As the encoding is unspecified, any sub-slice of bytes that is not valid UTF-8 should
be treated as opaque and only comparable within the same Rust version built for the same
target platform. For example, sending the slice over the network or storing it in a file
will likely result in incompatible byte slices. See OsString
for more encoding details
and std::ffi
for platform-specific, specified conversions.
sourcepub fn slice_encoded_bytes<R>(&self, range: R) -> &OsStrwhere
R: RangeBounds<usize>,
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (os_str_slice
#118485)
pub fn slice_encoded_bytes<R>(&self, range: R) -> &OsStrwhere
R: RangeBounds<usize>,
os_str_slice
#118485)Takes a substring based on a range that corresponds to the return value of
OsStr::as_encoded_bytes
.
The range’s start and end must lie on valid OsStr
boundaries.
A valid OsStr
boundary is one of:
- The start of the string
- The end of the string
- Immediately before a valid non-empty UTF-8 substring
- Immediately after a valid non-empty UTF-8 substring
§Panics
Panics if range
does not lie on valid OsStr
boundaries or if it
exceeds the end of the string.
§Example
#![feature(os_str_slice)]
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let os_str = OsStr::new("foo=bar");
let bytes = os_str.as_encoded_bytes();
if let Some(index) = bytes.iter().position(|b| *b == b'=') {
let key = os_str.slice_encoded_bytes(..index);
let value = os_str.slice_encoded_bytes(index + 1..);
assert_eq!(key, "foo");
assert_eq!(value, "bar");
}
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)
pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)
Converts this string to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.
ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use
OsStr::to_ascii_lowercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let mut s = OsString::from("GRÜßE, JÜRGEN ❤");
s.make_ascii_lowercase();
assert_eq!("grÜße, jÜrgen ❤", s);
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)
pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)
Converts this string to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.
ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use
OsStr::to_ascii_uppercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let mut s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
s.make_ascii_uppercase();
assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s);
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> OsString
pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> OsString
Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its ASCII lower case equivalent.
ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To lowercase the value in-place, use OsStr::make_ascii_lowercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert_eq!("grüße, jürgen ❤", s.to_ascii_lowercase());
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> OsString
pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> OsString
Returns a copy of this string where each character is mapped to its ASCII upper case equivalent.
ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.
To uppercase the value in-place, use OsStr::make_ascii_uppercase
.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let s = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert_eq!("GRüßE, JüRGEN ❤", s.to_ascii_uppercase());
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool
pub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool
Checks if all characters in this string are within the ASCII range.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
let ascii = OsString::from("hello!\n");
let non_ascii = OsString::from("Grüße, Jürgen ❤");
assert!(ascii.is_ascii());
assert!(!non_ascii.is_ascii());
1.53.0 · sourcepub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case<S>(&self, other: S) -> bool
pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case<S>(&self, other: S) -> bool
Checks that two strings are an ASCII case-insensitive match.
Same as to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b)
,
but without allocating and copying temporaries.
§Examples
use std::ffi::OsString;
assert!(OsString::from("Ferris").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRIS"));
assert!(OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRöS"));
assert!(!OsString::from("Ferrös").eq_ignore_ascii_case("FERRÖS"));
sourcepub fn display(&self) -> Display<'_>
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (os_str_display
#120048)
pub fn display(&self) -> Display<'_>
os_str_display
#120048)Returns an object that implements Display
for safely printing an
OsStr
that may contain non-Unicode data. This may perform lossy
conversion, depending on the platform. If you would like an
implementation which escapes the OsStr
please use Debug
instead.
§Examples
#![feature(os_str_display)]
use std::ffi::OsStr;
let s = OsStr::new("Hello, world!");
println!("{}", s.display());
Trait Implementations§
1.0.0 · source§impl AsRef<OsStr> for Components<'_>
impl AsRef<OsStr> for Components<'_>
1.52.0 · source§impl<'a> Extend<&'a OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a> Extend<&'a OsStr> for OsString
source§fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)where
T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a OsStr>,
fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)where
T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a OsStr>,
source§fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)
fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)
extend_one
#72631)1.52.0 · source§impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a OsStr> for OsString
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for OsString
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for Path
impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for Path
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for PathBuf
impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a OsStr> for PathBuf
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a Path> for OsStr
impl<'a> PartialEq<&'a Path> for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for &'b OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for &'b OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path>> for &'b OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path>> for &'b OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsStr
impl<'a> PartialEq<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<OsStr> for &'a Path
impl<'a> PartialEq<OsStr> for &'a Path
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
impl<'a> PartialEq<OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsStr> for OsString
1.8.0 · source§impl PartialEq<OsStr> for Path
impl PartialEq<OsStr> for Path
1.8.0 · source§impl PartialEq<OsStr> for PathBuf
impl PartialEq<OsStr> for PathBuf
1.0.0 · source§impl PartialEq<OsStr> for str
impl PartialEq<OsStr> for str
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for &'a OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialEq<OsString> for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<Path> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a> PartialEq<Path> for &'a OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl PartialEq<Path> for OsStr
impl PartialEq<Path> for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialEq<PathBuf> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a> PartialEq<PathBuf> for &'a OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl PartialEq<PathBuf> for OsStr
impl PartialEq<PathBuf> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§impl PartialEq for OsStr
impl PartialEq for OsStr
1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'b OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for OsString
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for Path
impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for Path
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for PathBuf
impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a OsStr> for PathBuf
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a Path> for OsStr
impl<'a> PartialOrd<&'a Path> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for &'b OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for &'b OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path>> for &'b OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path>> for &'b OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsStr
impl<'a> PartialOrd<Cow<'a, Path>> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsStr> for &'a Path
impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsStr> for &'a Path
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
impl<'a> PartialOrd<OsStr> for Cow<'a, Path>
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsStr> for OsString
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsStr> for OsString
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl PartialOrd<OsStr> for Path
impl PartialOrd<OsStr> for Path
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl PartialOrd<OsStr> for PathBuf
impl PartialOrd<OsStr> for PathBuf
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for &'a OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for OsStr
impl<'a, 'b> PartialOrd<OsString> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<Path> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a> PartialOrd<Path> for &'a OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl PartialOrd<Path> for OsStr
impl PartialOrd<Path> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl<'a> PartialOrd<PathBuf> for &'a OsStr
impl<'a> PartialOrd<PathBuf> for &'a OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.8.0 · source§impl PartialOrd<PathBuf> for OsStr
impl PartialOrd<PathBuf> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more1.0.0 · source§impl PartialOrd<str> for OsStr
impl PartialOrd<str> for OsStr
1.0.0 · source§fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool
self
and other
) and is used by the <=
operator. Read more