script/dom/html/

htmlinputelement.rs

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::ops::Range;
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::ptr::NonNull;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::{f64, ptr};

use base::generic_channel::GenericSender;
use base::text::{Utf8CodeUnitLength, Utf16CodeUnitLength};
use base::{Lines, RopeMovement};
use dom_struct::dom_struct;
use embedder_traits::{
    EmbedderControlRequest, FilePickerRequest, FilterPattern, InputMethodRequest, InputMethodType,
    RgbColor, SelectedFile,
};
use encoding_rs::Encoding;
use html5ever::{LocalName, Prefix, QualName, local_name, ns};
use itertools::Itertools;
use js::jsapi::{
    ClippedTime, DateGetMsecSinceEpoch, Handle, JS_ClearPendingException, JSObject, NewDateObject,
    NewUCRegExpObject, ObjectIsDate, RegExpFlag_UnicodeSets, RegExpFlags,
};
use js::jsval::UndefinedValue;
use js::rust::wrappers::{CheckRegExpSyntax, ExecuteRegExpNoStatics, ObjectIsRegExp};
use js::rust::{HandleObject, MutableHandleObject};
use net_traits::blob_url_store::get_blob_origin;
use script_bindings::codegen::GenericBindings::AttrBinding::AttrMethods;
use script_bindings::codegen::GenericBindings::CharacterDataBinding::CharacterDataMethods;
use script_bindings::codegen::GenericBindings::DocumentBinding::DocumentMethods;
use script_bindings::domstring::parse_floating_point_number;
use style::attr::AttrValue;
use style::selector_parser::PseudoElement;
use style::str::split_commas;
use stylo_atoms::Atom;
use stylo_dom::ElementState;
use time::{Month, OffsetDateTime, Time};
use unicode_bidi::{BidiClass, bidi_class};
use url::Url;
use webdriver::error::ErrorStatus;

use crate::clipboard_provider::EmbedderClipboardProvider;
use crate::dom::activation::Activatable;
use crate::dom::attr::Attr;
use crate::dom::bindings::cell::{DomRefCell, Ref};
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::ElementBinding::ElementMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::EventBinding::EventMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::FileListBinding::FileListMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::HTMLFormElementBinding::SelectionMode;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::HTMLInputElementBinding::HTMLInputElementMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::NodeBinding::{GetRootNodeOptions, NodeMethods};
use crate::dom::bindings::error::{Error, ErrorResult};
use crate::dom::bindings::inheritance::Castable;
use crate::dom::bindings::root::{Dom, DomRoot, LayoutDom, MutNullableDom};
use crate::dom::bindings::str::{DOMString, FromInputValueString, ToInputValueString, USVString};
use crate::dom::clipboardevent::{ClipboardEvent, ClipboardEventType};
use crate::dom::compositionevent::CompositionEvent;
use crate::dom::document::Document;
use crate::dom::document_embedder_controls::ControlElement;
use crate::dom::element::{AttributeMutation, CustomElementCreationMode, Element, ElementCreator};
use crate::dom::event::{Event, EventBubbles, EventCancelable, EventComposed};
use crate::dom::eventtarget::EventTarget;
use crate::dom::file::File;
use crate::dom::filelist::FileList;
use crate::dom::globalscope::GlobalScope;
use crate::dom::html::htmldatalistelement::HTMLDataListElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlelement::HTMLElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlfieldsetelement::HTMLFieldSetElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlformelement::{
    FormControl, FormDatum, FormDatumValue, FormSubmitterElement, HTMLFormElement, ResetFrom,
    SubmittedFrom,
};
use crate::dom::keyboardevent::KeyboardEvent;
use crate::dom::node::{
    BindContext, CloneChildrenFlag, Node, NodeDamage, NodeTraits, ShadowIncluding, UnbindContext,
};
use crate::dom::nodelist::NodeList;
use crate::dom::text::Text;
use crate::dom::textcontrol::{TextControlElement, TextControlSelection};
use crate::dom::types::{CharacterData, FocusEvent};
use crate::dom::validation::{Validatable, is_barred_by_datalist_ancestor};
use crate::dom::validitystate::{ValidationFlags, ValidityState};
use crate::dom::virtualmethods::VirtualMethods;
use crate::realms::enter_realm;
use crate::script_runtime::{CanGc, JSContext as SafeJSContext};
use crate::textinput::{
    ClipboardEventFlags, IsComposing, KeyReaction, SelectionDirection, TextInput,
};

const DEFAULT_SUBMIT_VALUE: &str = "Submit";
const DEFAULT_RESET_VALUE: &str = "Reset";
const PASSWORD_REPLACEMENT_CHAR: char = '●';
const DEFAULT_FILE_INPUT_VALUE: &str = "No file chosen";

#[derive(Clone, JSTraceable, MallocSizeOf)]
#[cfg_attr(crown, crown::unrooted_must_root_lint::must_root)]
struct TextValueShadowTree {
    value: Dom<Text>,
}

impl TextValueShadowTree {
    fn new(shadow_root: &Node, can_gc: CanGc) -> Self {
        let value = Text::new(Default::default(), &shadow_root.owner_document(), can_gc);
        Node::replace_all(Some(value.upcast()), shadow_root, can_gc);
        Self {
            value: value.as_traced(),
        }
    }

    fn update(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement) {
        let character_data = self.value.upcast::<CharacterData>();
        let value = input_element.value_for_shadow_dom();
        if character_data.Data() != value {
            character_data.SetData(value);
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, JSTraceable, MallocSizeOf)]
#[cfg_attr(crown, crown::unrooted_must_root_lint::must_root)]
/// Contains reference to text control inner editor and placeholder container element in the UA
/// shadow tree for `text`, `password`, `url`, `tel`, and `email` input. The following is the
/// structure of the shadow tree.
///
/// ```
/// <input type="text">
///     #shadow-root
///         <div id="inner-container">
///             <div id="input-editor"></div>
///             <div id="input-placeholder"></div>
///         </div>
/// </input>
/// ```
///
// TODO(stevennovaryo): We are trying to use CSS to mimic Chrome and Firefox's layout for the <input> element.
//                      But, this could be slower in performance and does have some discrepancies. For example,
//                      they would try to vertically align <input> text baseline with the baseline of other
//                      TextNode within an inline flow. Another example is the horizontal scroll.
// FIXME(#38263): Refactor these logics into a TextControl wrapper that would decouple all textual input.
struct TextInputWidgetShadowTree {
    inner_container: Dom<Element>,
    text_container: Dom<Element>,
    placeholder_container: DomRefCell<Option<Dom<Element>>>,
}

impl TextInputWidgetShadowTree {
    fn new(shadow_root: &Node, can_gc: CanGc) -> Self {
        let document = shadow_root.owner_document();
        let inner_container = Element::create(
            QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("div")),
            None,
            &document,
            ElementCreator::ScriptCreated,
            CustomElementCreationMode::Asynchronous,
            None,
            can_gc,
        );

        Node::replace_all(Some(inner_container.upcast()), shadow_root.upcast(), can_gc);
        inner_container
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .set_implemented_pseudo_element(PseudoElement::ServoTextControlInnerContainer);

        let text_container = create_ua_widget_div_with_text_node(
            &document,
            inner_container.upcast(),
            PseudoElement::ServoTextControlInnerEditor,
            false,
            can_gc,
        );

        Self {
            inner_container: inner_container.as_traced(),
            text_container: text_container.as_traced(),
            placeholder_container: DomRefCell::new(None),
        }
    }

    /// Initialize the placeholder container only when it is necessary. This would help the performance of input
    /// element with shadow dom that is quite bulky.
    fn init_placeholder_container_if_necessary(
        &self,
        host: &HTMLInputElement,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Element>> {
        if let Some(placeholder_container) = &*self.placeholder_container.borrow() {
            return Some(placeholder_container.root_element());
        }
        // If there is no placeholder text and we haven't already created one then it is
        // not necessary to initialize a new placeholder container.
        if host.placeholder.borrow().is_empty() {
            return None;
        }

        let placeholder_container = create_ua_widget_div_with_text_node(
            &host.owner_document(),
            self.inner_container.upcast::<Node>(),
            PseudoElement::Placeholder,
            true,
            can_gc,
        );
        *self.placeholder_container.borrow_mut() = Some(placeholder_container.as_traced());
        Some(placeholder_container)
    }

    fn placeholder_character_data(
        &self,
        input_element: &HTMLInputElement,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<CharacterData>> {
        self.init_placeholder_container_if_necessary(input_element, can_gc)
            .and_then(|placeholder_container| {
                let first_child = placeholder_container.upcast::<Node>().GetFirstChild()?;
                Some(DomRoot::from_ref(first_child.downcast::<CharacterData>()?))
            })
    }

    fn update_placeholder(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement, can_gc: CanGc) {
        if let Some(character_data) = self.placeholder_character_data(input_element, can_gc) {
            let placeholder_value = input_element.placeholder.borrow().clone();
            if character_data.Data() != placeholder_value {
                character_data.SetData(placeholder_value.clone());
            }
        }
    }

    fn value_character_data(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<CharacterData>> {
        Some(DomRoot::from_ref(
            self.text_container
                .upcast::<Node>()
                .GetFirstChild()?
                .downcast::<CharacterData>()?,
        ))
    }

    // TODO(stevennovaryo): The rest of textual input shadow dom structure should act
    // like an exstension to this one.
    fn update(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement) {
        // The addition of zero-width space here forces the text input to have an inline formatting
        // context that might otherwise be trimmed if there's no text. This is important to ensure
        // that the input element is at least as tall as the line gap of the caret:
        // <https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui/#element-with-default-preferred-size>.
        //
        // This is also used to ensure that the caret will still be rendered when the input is empty.
        // TODO: Could append `<br>` element to prevent collapses and avoid this hack, but we would
        //       need to fix the rendering of caret beforehand.
        let value = input_element.Value();
        let value_text = match (value.is_empty(), input_element.input_type()) {
            // For a password input, we replace all of the character with its replacement char.
            (false, InputType::Password) => value
                .str()
                .chars()
                .map(|_| PASSWORD_REPLACEMENT_CHAR)
                .collect::<String>()
                .into(),
            (false, _) => value,
            (true, _) => "\u{200B}".into(),
        };

        if let Some(character_data) = self.value_character_data() {
            if character_data.Data() != value_text {
                character_data.SetData(value_text);
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, JSTraceable, MallocSizeOf)]
#[cfg_attr(crown, crown::unrooted_must_root_lint::must_root)]
/// Contains references to the elements in the shadow tree for `<input type=color>`.
///
/// The shadow tree consists of a single div with the currently selected color as
/// the background.
struct ColorInputShadowTree {
    color_value: Dom<Element>,
}

impl ColorInputShadowTree {
    fn new(shadow_root: &Node, can_gc: CanGc) -> Self {
        let color_value = Element::create(
            QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("div")),
            None,
            &shadow_root.owner_document(),
            ElementCreator::ScriptCreated,
            CustomElementCreationMode::Asynchronous,
            None,
            can_gc,
        );

        Node::replace_all(Some(color_value.upcast()), shadow_root.upcast(), can_gc);
        color_value
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .set_implemented_pseudo_element(PseudoElement::ColorSwatch);

        Self {
            color_value: color_value.as_traced(),
        }
    }

    fn update(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement, can_gc: CanGc) {
        let mut value = input_element.Value();
        if value.str().is_valid_simple_color_string() {
            value.make_ascii_lowercase();
        } else {
            value = DOMString::from("#000000");
        }
        let style = format!("background-color: {value}");
        self.color_value
            .set_string_attribute(&local_name!("style"), style.into(), can_gc);
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, JSTraceable, MallocSizeOf)]
#[cfg_attr(crown, crown::unrooted_must_root_lint::must_root)]
#[non_exhaustive]
enum InputElementShadowTree {
    ColorInput(ColorInputShadowTree),
    TextInput(TextInputWidgetShadowTree),
    TextValue(TextValueShadowTree),
    // TODO: Add shadow trees for other input types (range etc) here
}

impl InputElementShadowTree {
    fn new(input_element: &HTMLInputElement, can_gc: CanGc) -> Self {
        let element = input_element.upcast::<Element>();
        let shadow_root = element
            .shadow_root()
            .unwrap_or_else(|| element.attach_ua_shadow_root(true, can_gc));
        let shadow_root = shadow_root.upcast();

        if input_element.input_type() == InputType::Color {
            return Self::ColorInput(ColorInputShadowTree::new(shadow_root, can_gc));
        }
        if input_element.renders_as_text_input_widget() {
            return Self::TextInput(TextInputWidgetShadowTree::new(shadow_root, can_gc));
        }
        Self::TextValue(TextValueShadowTree::new(shadow_root, can_gc))
    }

    fn is_valid_for_element(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement) -> bool {
        if input_element.input_type() == InputType::Color {
            return matches!(self, InputElementShadowTree::ColorInput(_));
        }
        if input_element.renders_as_text_input_widget() {
            return matches!(self, InputElementShadowTree::TextInput(_));
        }
        matches!(self, InputElementShadowTree::TextValue(_))
    }

    fn update_placeholder_contents(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement, can_gc: CanGc) {
        if let InputElementShadowTree::TextInput(shadow_tree) = self {
            shadow_tree.update_placeholder(input_element, can_gc);
        }
    }

    fn update(&self, input_element: &HTMLInputElement, can_gc: CanGc) {
        match self {
            InputElementShadowTree::ColorInput(shadow_tree) => {
                shadow_tree.update(input_element, can_gc)
            },
            InputElementShadowTree::TextInput(shadow_tree) => shadow_tree.update(input_element),
            InputElementShadowTree::TextValue(shadow_tree) => shadow_tree.update(input_element),
        }
    }
}

/// Create a div element with a text node within an UA Widget and either append or prepend it to
/// the designated parent. This is used to create the text container for input elements.
fn create_ua_widget_div_with_text_node(
    document: &Document,
    parent: &Node,
    implemented_pseudo: PseudoElement,
    as_first_child: bool,
    can_gc: CanGc,
) -> DomRoot<Element> {
    let el = Element::create(
        QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("div")),
        None,
        document,
        ElementCreator::ScriptCreated,
        CustomElementCreationMode::Asynchronous,
        None,
        can_gc,
    );

    parent
        .upcast::<Node>()
        .AppendChild(el.upcast::<Node>(), can_gc)
        .unwrap();
    el.upcast::<Node>()
        .set_implemented_pseudo_element(implemented_pseudo);
    let text_node = document.CreateTextNode("".into(), can_gc);

    if !as_first_child {
        el.upcast::<Node>()
            .AppendChild(text_node.upcast::<Node>(), can_gc)
            .unwrap();
    } else {
        el.upcast::<Node>()
            .InsertBefore(
                text_node.upcast::<Node>(),
                el.upcast::<Node>().GetFirstChild().as_deref(),
                can_gc,
            )
            .unwrap();
    }
    el
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-input-type>
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, JSTraceable, PartialEq, MallocSizeOf)]
pub(crate) enum InputType {
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#button-state-(type=button)>
    Button,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)>
    Checkbox,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#color-state-(type=color)>
    Color,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#date-state-(type=date)>
    Date,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)>
    DatetimeLocal,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#email-state-(type=email)>
    Email,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#file-upload-state-(type=file)>
    File,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#hidden-state-(type=hidden)>
    Hidden,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#image-button-state-(type=image)>
    Image,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#month-state-(type=month)>
    Month,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#number-state-(type=number)>
    Number,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#password-state-(type=password)>
    Password,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-state-(type=radio)>
    Radio,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#range-state-(type=range)>
    Range,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#reset-button-state-(type=reset)>
    Reset,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)>
    Search,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#submit-button-state-(type=submit)>
    Submit,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#telephone-state-(type=tel)>
    Tel,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)>
    #[default]
    Text,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#time-state-(type=time)>
    Time,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#url-state-(type=url)>
    Url,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#week-state-(type=week)>
    Week,
}

impl InputType {
    /// Defines which input type that should perform like a text input,
    /// specifically when it is interacting with JS. Note that Password
    /// is not included here since it is handled slightly differently,
    /// with placeholder characters shown rather than the underlying value.
    pub(crate) fn is_textual(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            *self,
            InputType::Date |
                InputType::DatetimeLocal |
                InputType::Email |
                InputType::Hidden |
                InputType::Month |
                InputType::Number |
                InputType::Range |
                InputType::Search |
                InputType::Tel |
                InputType::Text |
                InputType::Time |
                InputType::Url |
                InputType::Week
        )
    }

    fn is_textual_or_password(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_textual() || *self == InputType::Password
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#has-a-periodic-domain>
    fn has_periodic_domain(&self) -> bool {
        *self == InputType::Time
    }

    fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
        match *self {
            InputType::Button => "button",
            InputType::Checkbox => "checkbox",
            InputType::Color => "color",
            InputType::Date => "date",
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => "datetime-local",
            InputType::Email => "email",
            InputType::File => "file",
            InputType::Hidden => "hidden",
            InputType::Image => "image",
            InputType::Month => "month",
            InputType::Number => "number",
            InputType::Password => "password",
            InputType::Radio => "radio",
            InputType::Range => "range",
            InputType::Reset => "reset",
            InputType::Search => "search",
            InputType::Submit => "submit",
            InputType::Tel => "tel",
            InputType::Text => "text",
            InputType::Time => "time",
            InputType::Url => "url",
            InputType::Week => "week",
        }
    }
}

impl TryFrom<InputType> for InputMethodType {
    type Error = &'static str;

    fn try_from(input_type: InputType) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
        match input_type {
            InputType::Color => Ok(InputMethodType::Color),
            InputType::Date => Ok(InputMethodType::Date),
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => Ok(InputMethodType::DatetimeLocal),
            InputType::Email => Ok(InputMethodType::Email),
            InputType::Month => Ok(InputMethodType::Month),
            InputType::Number => Ok(InputMethodType::Number),
            InputType::Password => Ok(InputMethodType::Password),
            InputType::Search => Ok(InputMethodType::Search),
            InputType::Tel => Ok(InputMethodType::Tel),
            InputType::Text => Ok(InputMethodType::Text),
            InputType::Time => Ok(InputMethodType::Time),
            InputType::Url => Ok(InputMethodType::Url),
            InputType::Week => Ok(InputMethodType::Week),
            _ => Err("Input does not support IME."),
        }
    }
}

impl From<&Atom> for InputType {
    fn from(value: &Atom) -> InputType {
        match value.to_ascii_lowercase() {
            atom!("button") => InputType::Button,
            atom!("checkbox") => InputType::Checkbox,
            atom!("color") => InputType::Color,
            atom!("date") => InputType::Date,
            atom!("datetime-local") => InputType::DatetimeLocal,
            atom!("email") => InputType::Email,
            atom!("file") => InputType::File,
            atom!("hidden") => InputType::Hidden,
            atom!("image") => InputType::Image,
            atom!("month") => InputType::Month,
            atom!("number") => InputType::Number,
            atom!("password") => InputType::Password,
            atom!("radio") => InputType::Radio,
            atom!("range") => InputType::Range,
            atom!("reset") => InputType::Reset,
            atom!("search") => InputType::Search,
            atom!("submit") => InputType::Submit,
            atom!("tel") => InputType::Tel,
            atom!("text") => InputType::Text,
            atom!("time") => InputType::Time,
            atom!("url") => InputType::Url,
            atom!("week") => InputType::Week,
            _ => Self::default(),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
enum ValueMode {
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value-value>
    Value,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value-default>
    Default,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value-default-on>
    DefaultOn,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value-filename>
    Filename,
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
enum StepDirection {
    Up,
    Down,
}

#[dom_struct]
pub(crate) struct HTMLInputElement {
    htmlelement: HTMLElement,
    input_type: Cell<InputType>,

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>
    checked_changed: Cell<bool>,
    placeholder: DomRefCell<DOMString>,
    size: Cell<u32>,
    maxlength: Cell<i32>,
    minlength: Cell<i32>,
    #[no_trace]
    textinput: DomRefCell<TextInput<EmbedderClipboardProvider>>,
    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-value-dirty-flag
    value_dirty: Cell<bool>,
    // not specified explicitly, but implied by the fact that sanitization can't
    // happen until after all of step/min/max/value content attributes have
    // been added
    sanitization_flag: Cell<bool>,

    filelist: MutNullableDom<FileList>,
    form_owner: MutNullableDom<HTMLFormElement>,
    labels_node_list: MutNullableDom<NodeList>,
    validity_state: MutNullableDom<ValidityState>,
    shadow_tree: DomRefCell<Option<InputElementShadowTree>>,
    #[no_trace]
    pending_webdriver_response: RefCell<Option<PendingWebDriverResponse>>,
}

#[derive(JSTraceable)]
pub(crate) struct InputActivationState {
    indeterminate: bool,
    checked: bool,
    checked_radio: Option<DomRoot<HTMLInputElement>>,
    // In case the type changed
    old_type: InputType,
    // was_mutable is implied: pre-activation would return None if it wasn't
}

static DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE: u32 = 20;
static DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH: i32 = -1;
static DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH: i32 = -1;

#[expect(non_snake_case)]
impl HTMLInputElement {
    fn new_inherited(
        local_name: LocalName,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        document: &Document,
    ) -> HTMLInputElement {
        let embedder_sender = document
            .window()
            .as_global_scope()
            .script_to_embedder_chan()
            .clone();
        HTMLInputElement {
            htmlelement: HTMLElement::new_inherited_with_state(
                ElementState::ENABLED | ElementState::READWRITE,
                local_name,
                prefix,
                document,
            ),
            input_type: Cell::new(Default::default()),
            placeholder: DomRefCell::new(DOMString::new()),
            checked_changed: Cell::new(false),
            maxlength: Cell::new(DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH),
            minlength: Cell::new(DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH),
            size: Cell::new(DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE),
            textinput: DomRefCell::new(TextInput::new(
                Lines::Single,
                DOMString::new(),
                EmbedderClipboardProvider {
                    embedder_sender,
                    webview_id: document.webview_id(),
                },
                None,
                None,
                SelectionDirection::None,
            )),
            value_dirty: Cell::new(false),
            sanitization_flag: Cell::new(true),
            filelist: MutNullableDom::new(None),
            form_owner: Default::default(),
            labels_node_list: MutNullableDom::new(None),
            validity_state: Default::default(),
            shadow_tree: Default::default(),
            pending_webdriver_response: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn new(
        local_name: LocalName,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        document: &Document,
        proto: Option<HandleObject>,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) -> DomRoot<HTMLInputElement> {
        Node::reflect_node_with_proto(
            Box::new(HTMLInputElement::new_inherited(
                local_name, prefix, document,
            )),
            document,
            proto,
            can_gc,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn auto_directionality(&self) -> Option<String> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Text | InputType::Search | InputType::Url | InputType::Email => {
                let value: String = self.Value().to_string();
                Some(HTMLInputElement::directionality_from_value(&value))
            },
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn directionality_from_value(value: &str) -> String {
        if HTMLInputElement::is_first_strong_character_rtl(value) {
            "rtl".to_owned()
        } else {
            "ltr".to_owned()
        }
    }

    fn is_first_strong_character_rtl(value: &str) -> bool {
        for ch in value.chars() {
            return match bidi_class(ch) {
                BidiClass::L => false,
                BidiClass::AL => true,
                BidiClass::R => true,
                _ => continue,
            };
        }
        false
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-apply>
    fn value_mode(&self) -> ValueMode {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Submit |
            InputType::Reset |
            InputType::Button |
            InputType::Image |
            InputType::Hidden => ValueMode::Default,

            InputType::Checkbox | InputType::Radio => ValueMode::DefaultOn,

            InputType::Color |
            InputType::Date |
            InputType::DatetimeLocal |
            InputType::Email |
            InputType::Month |
            InputType::Number |
            InputType::Password |
            InputType::Range |
            InputType::Search |
            InputType::Tel |
            InputType::Text |
            InputType::Time |
            InputType::Url |
            InputType::Week => ValueMode::Value,

            InputType::File => ValueMode::Filename,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn input_type(&self) -> InputType {
        self.input_type.get()
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-non-typeable-form-control>
    pub(crate) fn is_nontypeable(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Button |
                InputType::Checkbox |
                InputType::Color |
                InputType::File |
                InputType::Hidden |
                InputType::Image |
                InputType::Radio |
                InputType::Range |
                InputType::Reset |
                InputType::Submit
        )
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn is_submit_button(&self) -> bool {
        let input_type = self.input_type.get();
        input_type == InputType::Submit || input_type == InputType::Image
    }

    pub(crate) fn disable_sanitization(&self) {
        self.sanitization_flag.set(false);
    }

    pub(crate) fn enable_sanitization(&self) {
        self.sanitization_flag.set(true);
        let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();
        let mut value = textinput.get_content();
        self.sanitize_value(&mut value);
        textinput.set_content(value);
        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
    }

    fn does_minmaxlength_apply(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Text |
                InputType::Search |
                InputType::Url |
                InputType::Tel |
                InputType::Email |
                InputType::Password
        )
    }

    fn does_pattern_apply(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Text |
                InputType::Search |
                InputType::Url |
                InputType::Tel |
                InputType::Email |
                InputType::Password
        )
    }

    fn does_multiple_apply(&self) -> bool {
        self.input_type() == InputType::Email
    }

    // valueAsNumber, step, min, and max all share the same set of
    // input types they apply to
    fn does_value_as_number_apply(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Date |
                InputType::Month |
                InputType::Week |
                InputType::Time |
                InputType::DatetimeLocal |
                InputType::Number |
                InputType::Range
        )
    }

    fn does_value_as_date_apply(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Date | InputType::Month | InputType::Week | InputType::Time
        )
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-step>
    fn allowed_value_step(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        // Step 1. If the attribute does not apply, then there is no allowed value step.
        // NOTE: The attribute applies iff there is a default step
        let default_step = self.default_step()?;

        // Step 2. Otherwise, if the attribute is absent, then the allowed value step
        // is the default step multiplied by the step scale factor.
        let Some(attribute) = self
            .upcast::<Element>()
            .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("step"))
        else {
            return Some(default_step * self.step_scale_factor());
        };

        // Step 3. Otherwise, if the attribute's value is an ASCII case-insensitive match
        // for the string "any", then there is no allowed value step.
        if attribute.value().eq_ignore_ascii_case("any") {
            return None;
        }

        // Step 4. Otherwise, if the rules for parsing floating-point number values, when they
        // are applied to the attribute's value, return an error, zero, or a number less than zero,
        // then the allowed value step is the default step multiplied by the step scale factor.
        let Some(parsed_value) =
            parse_floating_point_number(&attribute.value()).filter(|value| *value > 0.0)
        else {
            return Some(default_step * self.step_scale_factor());
        };

        // Step 5. Otherwise, the allowed value step is the number returned by the rules for parsing
        // floating-point number values when they are applied to the attribute's value,
        // multiplied by the step scale factor.
        Some(parsed_value * self.step_scale_factor())
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-min>
    fn minimum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("min"))
            .and_then(|attribute| self.convert_string_to_number(&attribute.value()))
            .or_else(|| self.default_minimum())
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-max>
    fn maximum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("max"))
            .and_then(|attribute| self.convert_string_to_number(&attribute.value()))
            .or_else(|| self.default_maximum())
    }

    /// when allowed_value_step and minimum both exist, this is the smallest
    /// value >= minimum that lies on an integer step
    fn stepped_minimum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match (self.minimum(), self.allowed_value_step()) {
            (Some(min), Some(allowed_step)) => {
                let step_base = self.step_base();
                // how many steps is min from step_base?
                let nsteps = (min - step_base) / allowed_step;
                // count that many integer steps, rounded +, from step_base
                Some(step_base + (allowed_step * nsteps.ceil()))
            },
            (_, _) => None,
        }
    }

    /// when allowed_value_step and maximum both exist, this is the smallest
    /// value <= maximum that lies on an integer step
    fn stepped_maximum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match (self.maximum(), self.allowed_value_step()) {
            (Some(max), Some(allowed_step)) => {
                let step_base = self.step_base();
                // how many steps is max from step_base?
                let nsteps = (max - step_base) / allowed_step;
                // count that many integer steps, rounded -, from step_base
                Some(step_base + (allowed_step * nsteps.floor()))
            },
            (_, _) => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-min-default>
    fn default_minimum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Range => Some(0.0),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-max-default>
    fn default_maximum(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Range => Some(100.0),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-value-default-range>
    fn default_range_value(&self) -> f64 {
        let min = self.minimum().unwrap_or(0.0);
        let max = self.maximum().unwrap_or(100.0);
        if max < min {
            min
        } else {
            min + (max - min) * 0.5
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-step-default>
    fn default_step(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Date => Some(1.0),
            InputType::Month => Some(1.0),
            InputType::Week => Some(1.0),
            InputType::Time => Some(60.0),
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => Some(60.0),
            InputType::Number => Some(1.0),
            InputType::Range => Some(1.0),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-step-scale>
    fn step_scale_factor(&self) -> f64 {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Date => 86400000.0,
            InputType::Month => 1.0,
            InputType::Week => 604800000.0,
            InputType::Time => 1000.0,
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => 1000.0,
            InputType::Number => 1.0,
            InputType::Range => 1.0,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-min-zero>
    fn step_base(&self) -> f64 {
        // Step 1. If the element has a min content attribute, and the result of applying
        // the algorithm to convert a string to a number to the value of the min content attribute
        // is not an error, then return that result.
        if let Some(minimum) = self
            .upcast::<Element>()
            .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("min"))
            .and_then(|attribute| self.convert_string_to_number(&attribute.value()))
        {
            return minimum;
        }

        // Step 2. If the element has a value content attribute, and the result of applying the
        // algorithm to convert a string to a number to the value of the value content attribute
        // is not an error, then return that result.
        if let Some(value) = self
            .upcast::<Element>()
            .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("value"))
            .and_then(|attribute| self.convert_string_to_number(&attribute.value()))
        {
            return value;
        }

        // Step 3. If a default step base is defined for this element given its type attribute's state, then return it.
        if let Some(default_step_base) = self.default_step_base() {
            return default_step_base;
        }

        // Step 4. Return zero.
        0.0
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage#concept-input-step-default-base>
    fn default_step_base(&self) -> Option<f64> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Week => Some(-259200000.0),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-stepup>
    ///
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-stepdown>
    fn step_up_or_down(&self, n: i32, dir: StepDirection, can_gc: CanGc) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1. If the stepDown() and stepUp() methods do not apply, as defined for the
        // input element's type attribute's current state, then throw an "InvalidStateError" DOMException.
        if !self.does_value_as_number_apply() {
            return Err(Error::InvalidState(None));
        }
        let step_base = self.step_base();

        // Step 2. If the element has no allowed value step, then throw an "InvalidStateError" DOMException.
        let Some(allowed_value_step) = self.allowed_value_step() else {
            return Err(Error::InvalidState(None));
        };

        // Step 3. If the element has a minimum and a maximum and the minimum is greater than the maximum,
        // then return.
        let minimum = self.minimum();
        let maximum = self.maximum();
        if let (Some(min), Some(max)) = (minimum, maximum) {
            if min > max {
                return Ok(());
            }

            // Step 4. If the element has a minimum and a maximum and there is no value greater than or equal to the
            // element's minimum and less than or equal to the element's maximum that, when subtracted from the step
            // base, is an integral multiple of the allowed value step, then return.
            if let Some(stepped_minimum) = self.stepped_minimum() {
                if stepped_minimum > max {
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }
        }

        // Step 5. If applying the algorithm to convert a string to a number to the string given
        // by the element's value does not result in an error, then let value be the result of
        // that algorithm. Otherwise, let value be zero.
        let mut value: f64 = self
            .convert_string_to_number(&self.Value().str())
            .unwrap_or(0.0);

        // Step 6. Let valueBeforeStepping be value.
        let valueBeforeStepping = value;

        // Step 7. If value subtracted from the step base is not an integral multiple of the allowed value step,
        // then set value to the nearest value that, when subtracted from the step base, is an integral multiple
        // of the allowed value step, and that is less than value if the method invoked was the stepDown() method,
        // and more than value otherwise.
        if (value - step_base) % allowed_value_step != 0.0 {
            value = match dir {
                StepDirection::Down =>
                // step down a fractional step to be on a step multiple
                {
                    let intervals_from_base = ((value - step_base) / allowed_value_step).floor();
                    intervals_from_base * allowed_value_step + step_base
                },
                StepDirection::Up =>
                // step up a fractional step to be on a step multiple
                {
                    let intervals_from_base = ((value - step_base) / allowed_value_step).ceil();
                    intervals_from_base * allowed_value_step + step_base
                },
            };
        }
        // Otherwise (value subtracted from the step base is an integral multiple of the allowed value step):
        else {
            // Step 7.1 Let n be the argument.
            // Step 7.2 Let delta be the allowed value step multiplied by n.
            // Step 7.3 If the method invoked was the stepDown() method, negate delta.
            // Step 7.4 Let value be the result of adding delta to value.
            value += match dir {
                StepDirection::Down => -f64::from(n) * allowed_value_step,
                StepDirection::Up => f64::from(n) * allowed_value_step,
            };
        }

        // Step 8. If the element has a minimum, and value is less than that minimum, then set value to the smallest
        // value that, when subtracted from the step base, is an integral multiple of the allowed value step, and that
        // is more than or equal to that minimum.
        if let Some(min) = minimum {
            if value < min {
                value = self.stepped_minimum().unwrap_or(value);
            }
        }

        // Step 9. If the element has a maximum, and value is greater than that maximum, then set value to the largest
        // value that, when subtracted from the step base, is an integral multiple of the allowed value step, and that
        // is less than or equal to that maximum.
        if let Some(max) = maximum {
            if value > max {
                value = self.stepped_maximum().unwrap_or(value);
            }
        }

        // Step 10. If either the method invoked was the stepDown() method and value is greater than
        // valueBeforeStepping, or the method invoked was the stepUp() method and value is less than
        // valueBeforeStepping, then return.
        match dir {
            StepDirection::Down => {
                if value > valueBeforeStepping {
                    return Ok(());
                }
            },
            StepDirection::Up => {
                if value < valueBeforeStepping {
                    return Ok(());
                }
            },
        }

        // Step 11. Let value as string be the result of running the algorithm to convert a number to a string,
        // as defined for the input element's type attribute's current state, on value.
        // Step 12. Set the value of the element to value as string.
        self.SetValueAsNumber(value, can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-list>
    fn suggestions_source_element(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<HTMLDataListElement>> {
        let list_string = self
            .upcast::<Element>()
            .get_string_attribute(&local_name!("list"));
        if list_string.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }
        let ancestor = self
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
        let first_with_id = &ancestor
            .traverse_preorder(ShadowIncluding::No)
            .find(|node| {
                node.downcast::<Element>()
                    .is_some_and(|e| e.Id() == list_string)
            });
        first_with_id
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|el| el.downcast::<HTMLDataListElement>())
            .map(DomRoot::from_ref)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-being-missing>
    fn suffers_from_being_missing(&self, value: &DOMString) -> bool {
        match self.input_type() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#checkbox-state-(type%3Dcheckbox)%3Asuffering-from-being-missing
            InputType::Checkbox => self.Required() && !self.Checked(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-state-(type%3Dradio)%3Asuffering-from-being-missing
            InputType::Radio => {
                if self.radio_group_name().is_none() {
                    return false;
                }
                let mut is_required = self.Required();
                let mut is_checked = self.Checked();
                let root = self
                    .upcast::<Node>()
                    .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
                let form = self.form_owner();
                for other in radio_group_iter(
                    self,
                    self.radio_group_name().as_ref(),
                    form.as_deref(),
                    &root,
                ) {
                    is_required = is_required || other.Required();
                    is_checked = is_checked || other.Checked();
                }
                is_required && !is_checked
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#file-upload-state-(type%3Dfile)%3Asuffering-from-being-missing
            InputType::File => {
                self.Required() && self.filelist.get().is_none_or(|files| files.Length() == 0)
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-required-attribute%3Asuffering-from-being-missing
            _ => {
                self.Required() &&
                    self.value_mode() == ValueMode::Value &&
                    self.is_mutable() &&
                    value.is_empty()
            },
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>
    fn suffers_from_type_mismatch(&self, value: &DOMString) -> bool {
        if value.is_empty() {
            return false;
        }

        match self.input_type() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#url-state-(type%3Durl)%3Asuffering-from-a-type-mismatch
            InputType::Url => Url::parse(&value.str()).is_err(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#e-mail-state-(type%3Demail)%3Asuffering-from-a-type-mismatch
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#e-mail-state-(type%3Demail)%3Asuffering-from-a-type-mismatch-2
            InputType::Email => {
                if self.Multiple() {
                    !split_commas(&value.str()).all(|string| string.is_valid_email_address_string())
                } else {
                    !value.str().is_valid_email_address_string()
                }
            },
            // Other input types don't suffer from type mismatch
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch>
    fn suffers_from_pattern_mismatch(&self, value: &DOMString, can_gc: CanGc) -> bool {
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-pattern-attribute%3Asuffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-pattern-attribute%3Asuffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch-2
        let pattern_str = self.Pattern();
        if value.is_empty() || pattern_str.is_empty() || !self.does_pattern_apply() {
            return false;
        }

        // Rust's regex is not compatible, we need to use mozjs RegExp.
        let cx = GlobalScope::get_cx();
        let _ac = enter_realm(self);
        rooted!(in(*cx) let mut pattern = ptr::null_mut::<JSObject>());

        if compile_pattern(cx, &pattern_str.str(), pattern.handle_mut(), can_gc) {
            if self.Multiple() && self.does_multiple_apply() {
                !split_commas(&value.str())
                    .all(|s| matches_js_regex(cx, pattern.handle(), s, can_gc).unwrap_or(true))
            } else {
                !matches_js_regex(cx, pattern.handle(), &value.str(), can_gc).unwrap_or(true)
            }
        } else {
            // Element doesn't suffer from pattern mismatch if pattern is invalid.
            false
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-bad-input>
    fn suffers_from_bad_input(&self, value: &DOMString) -> bool {
        if value.is_empty() {
            return false;
        }

        match self.input_type() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#e-mail-state-(type%3Demail)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#e-mail-state-(type%3Demail)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input-2
            InputType::Email => {
                // TODO: Check for input that cannot be converted to punycode.
                // Currently we don't support conversion of email values to punycode
                // so always return false.
                false
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#date-state-(type%3Ddate)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Date => !value.str().is_valid_date_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#month-state-(type%3Dmonth)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Month => !value.str().is_valid_month_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#week-state-(type%3Dweek)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Week => !value.str().is_valid_week_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#time-state-(type%3Dtime)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Time => !value.str().is_valid_time_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#local-date-and-time-state-(type%3Ddatetime-local)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => !value.str().is_valid_local_date_time_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#number-state-(type%3Dnumber)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#range-state-(type%3Drange)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Number | InputType::Range => !value.is_valid_floating_point_number_string(),
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#color-state-(type%3Dcolor)%3Asuffering-from-bad-input
            InputType::Color => !value.str().is_valid_simple_color_string(),
            // Other input types don't suffer from bad input
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-being-too-long
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-being-too-short>
    fn suffers_from_length_issues(&self, value: &DOMString) -> ValidationFlags {
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#limiting-user-input-length%3A-the-maxlength-attribute%3Asuffering-from-being-too-long
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements%3A-the-minlength-attribute%3Asuffering-from-being-too-short
        let value_dirty = self.value_dirty.get();
        let textinput = self.textinput.borrow();
        let edit_by_user = !textinput.was_last_change_by_set_content();

        if value.is_empty() || !value_dirty || !edit_by_user || !self.does_minmaxlength_apply() {
            return ValidationFlags::empty();
        }

        let mut failed_flags = ValidationFlags::empty();
        let Utf16CodeUnitLength(value_len) = textinput.len_utf16();
        let min_length = self.MinLength();
        let max_length = self.MaxLength();

        if min_length != DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH && value_len < (min_length as usize) {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::TOO_SHORT);
        }

        if max_length != DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH && value_len > (max_length as usize) {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::TOO_LONG);
        }

        failed_flags
    }

    /// * <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-an-underflow>
    /// * <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-an-overflow>
    /// * <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>
    fn suffers_from_range_issues(&self, value: &DOMString) -> ValidationFlags {
        if value.is_empty() || !self.does_value_as_number_apply() {
            return ValidationFlags::empty();
        }

        let Some(value_as_number) = self.convert_string_to_number(&value.str()) else {
            return ValidationFlags::empty();
        };

        let mut failed_flags = ValidationFlags::empty();
        let min_value = self.minimum();
        let max_value = self.maximum();

        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#has-a-reversed-range
        let has_reversed_range = match (min_value, max_value) {
            (Some(min), Some(max)) => self.input_type().has_periodic_domain() && min > max,
            _ => false,
        };

        if has_reversed_range {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-min-and-max-attributes:has-a-reversed-range-3
            if value_as_number > max_value.unwrap() && value_as_number < min_value.unwrap() {
                failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::RANGE_UNDERFLOW);
                failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::RANGE_OVERFLOW);
            }
        } else {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-min-and-max-attributes%3Asuffering-from-an-underflow-2
            if let Some(min_value) = min_value {
                if value_as_number < min_value {
                    failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::RANGE_UNDERFLOW);
                }
            }
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-min-and-max-attributes%3Asuffering-from-an-overflow-2
            if let Some(max_value) = max_value {
                if value_as_number > max_value {
                    failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::RANGE_OVERFLOW);
                }
            }
        }

        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-step-attribute%3Asuffering-from-a-step-mismatch
        if let Some(step) = self.allowed_value_step() {
            // TODO: Spec has some issues here, see https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/5207.
            // Chrome and Firefox parse values as decimals to get exact results,
            // we probably should too.
            let diff = (self.step_base() - value_as_number) % step / value_as_number;
            if diff.abs() > 1e-12 {
                failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::STEP_MISMATCH);
            }
        }

        failed_flags
    }

    /// Get the shadow tree for this [`HTMLInputElement`], if it is created and valid, otherwise
    /// recreate the shadow tree and return it.
    fn get_or_create_shadow_tree(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> Ref<'_, InputElementShadowTree> {
        {
            if let Ok(shadow_tree) = Ref::filter_map(self.shadow_tree.borrow(), |shadow_tree| {
                shadow_tree
                    .as_ref()
                    .filter(|shadow_tree| shadow_tree.is_valid_for_element(self))
            }) {
                return shadow_tree;
            }
        }
        *self.shadow_tree.borrow_mut() = Some(InputElementShadowTree::new(self, can_gc));
        self.get_or_create_shadow_tree(can_gc)
    }

    /// Whether this input type renders as a basic text input widget.
    ///
    /// TODO(#38251): This should eventually only include `text`, `password`, `url`, `tel`,
    /// and `email`, but the others do not yet have a custom shadow DOM implementation.
    pub(crate) fn renders_as_text_input_widget(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Date |
                InputType::DatetimeLocal |
                InputType::Email |
                InputType::Month |
                InputType::Number |
                InputType::Password |
                InputType::Range |
                InputType::Search |
                InputType::Tel |
                InputType::Text |
                InputType::Time |
                InputType::Url |
                InputType::Week
        )
    }

    fn may_have_embedder_control(&self) -> bool {
        let el = self.upcast::<Element>();
        self.input_type() == InputType::Color && !el.disabled_state()
    }

    fn handle_key_reaction(&self, action: KeyReaction, event: &Event, can_gc: CanGc) {
        match action {
            KeyReaction::TriggerDefaultAction => {
                self.implicit_submission(can_gc);
            },
            KeyReaction::DispatchInput(text, is_composing, input_type) => {
                if event.IsTrusted() {
                    self.textinput.borrow().queue_input_event(
                        self.upcast(),
                        text,
                        is_composing,
                        input_type,
                    );
                }
                self.value_dirty.set(true);
                self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
                event.mark_as_handled();
            },
            KeyReaction::RedrawSelection => {
                self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
                event.mark_as_handled();
            },
            KeyReaction::Nothing => (),
        }
    }

    /// Return a string that represents the contents of the element in its displayed shadow DOM.
    fn value_for_shadow_dom(&self) -> DOMString {
        let input_type = self.input_type();
        match input_type {
            InputType::Checkbox |
            InputType::Radio |
            InputType::Image |
            InputType::Hidden |
            InputType::Range => "".into(),
            InputType::File => {
                let Some(filelist) = self.filelist.get() else {
                    return DEFAULT_FILE_INPUT_VALUE.into();
                };
                let length = filelist.Length();
                if length > 1 {
                    return format!("{length} files").into();
                }

                let Some(first_item) = filelist.Item(0) else {
                    return DEFAULT_FILE_INPUT_VALUE.into();
                };
                first_item.name().to_string().into()
            },
            _ => {
                if let Some(attribute_value) = self
                    .upcast::<Element>()
                    .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("value"))
                    .map(|attribute| attribute.Value())
                {
                    return attribute_value;
                }
                match input_type {
                    InputType::Submit => DEFAULT_SUBMIT_VALUE.into(),
                    InputType::Reset => DEFAULT_RESET_VALUE.into(),
                    _ => "".into(),
                }
            },
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) trait LayoutHTMLInputElementHelpers<'dom> {
    fn size_for_layout(self) -> u32;
    fn selection_for_layout(self) -> Option<Range<usize>>;
}

#[expect(unsafe_code)]
impl<'dom> LayoutDom<'dom, HTMLInputElement> {
    fn get_raw_textinput_value(self) -> DOMString {
        unsafe {
            self.unsafe_get()
                .textinput
                .borrow_for_layout()
                .get_content()
        }
    }

    fn input_type(self) -> InputType {
        self.unsafe_get().input_type.get()
    }

    fn textinput_sorted_selection_offsets_range(self) -> Range<Utf8CodeUnitLength> {
        unsafe {
            self.unsafe_get()
                .textinput
                .borrow_for_layout()
                .sorted_selection_offsets_range()
        }
    }
}

impl<'dom> LayoutHTMLInputElementHelpers<'dom> for LayoutDom<'dom, HTMLInputElement> {
    /// Textual input, specifically text entry and domain specific input has
    /// a default preferred size.
    ///
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>
    // FIXME(stevennovaryo): Implement the calculation of default preferred size
    //                       for domain specific input widgets correctly.
    // FIXME(#4378): Implement the calculation of average character width for
    //               textual input correctly.
    fn size_for_layout(self) -> u32 {
        self.unsafe_get().size.get()
    }

    fn selection_for_layout(self) -> Option<Range<usize>> {
        if !self.upcast::<Element>().focus_state() {
            return None;
        }

        let sorted_selection_offsets_range = self.textinput_sorted_selection_offsets_range();

        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Password => {
                let text = self.get_raw_textinput_value();
                let sel = Utf8CodeUnitLength::unwrap_range(sorted_selection_offsets_range);

                // Translate indices from the raw value to indices in the replacement value.
                let char_start = text.str()[..sel.start].chars().count();
                let char_end = char_start + text.str()[sel].chars().count();

                let bytes_per_char = PASSWORD_REPLACEMENT_CHAR.len_utf8();
                Some(char_start * bytes_per_char..char_end * bytes_per_char)
            },
            input_type if input_type.is_textual() => Some(Utf8CodeUnitLength::unwrap_range(
                sorted_selection_offsets_range,
            )),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
}

impl TextControlElement for HTMLInputElement {
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-apply>
    fn selection_api_applies(&self) -> bool {
        matches!(
            self.input_type(),
            InputType::Text |
                InputType::Search |
                InputType::Url |
                InputType::Tel |
                InputType::Password
        )
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-apply
    //
    // Defines input types to which the select() IDL method applies. These are a superset of the
    // types for which selection_api_applies() returns true.
    //
    // Types omitted which could theoretically be included if they were
    // rendered as a text control: file
    fn has_selectable_text(&self) -> bool {
        self.renders_as_text_input_widget() && !self.textinput.borrow().get_content().is_empty()
    }

    fn has_selection(&self) -> bool {
        self.textinput.borrow().has_selection()
    }

    fn set_dirty_value_flag(&self, value: bool) {
        self.value_dirty.set(value)
    }

    fn select_all(&self) {
        self.textinput.borrow_mut().select_all();
        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
    }
}

impl HTMLInputElementMethods<crate::DomTypeHolder> for HTMLInputElement {
    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-accept
    make_getter!(Accept, "accept");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-accept
    make_setter!(SetAccept, "accept");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-alt
    make_getter!(Alt, "alt");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-alt
    make_setter!(SetAlt, "alt");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-dirName
    make_getter!(DirName, "dirname");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-dirName
    make_setter!(SetDirName, "dirname");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fe-disabled
    make_bool_getter!(Disabled, "disabled");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fe-disabled
    make_bool_setter!(SetDisabled, "disabled");

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fae-form>
    fn GetForm(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<HTMLFormElement>> {
        self.form_owner()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-files>
    fn GetFiles(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<FileList>> {
        self.filelist.get().as_ref().cloned()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-files>
    fn SetFiles(&self, files: Option<&FileList>) {
        if self.input_type() == InputType::File && files.is_some() {
            self.filelist.set(files);
        }
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-defaultchecked
    make_bool_getter!(DefaultChecked, "checked");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-defaultchecked
    make_bool_setter!(SetDefaultChecked, "checked");

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-checked>
    fn Checked(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .state()
            .contains(ElementState::CHECKED)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-checked>
    fn SetChecked(&self, checked: bool, can_gc: CanGc) {
        self.update_checked_state(checked, true, can_gc);
        self.value_changed(can_gc);
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-readonly
    make_bool_getter!(ReadOnly, "readonly");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-readonly
    make_bool_setter!(SetReadOnly, "readonly");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-size
    make_uint_getter!(Size, "size", DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE);

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-size
    make_limited_uint_setter!(SetSize, "size", DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE);

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-type>
    fn Type(&self) -> DOMString {
        DOMString::from(self.input_type().as_str())
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-type
    make_atomic_setter!(SetType, "type");

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value>
    fn Value(&self) -> DOMString {
        match self.value_mode() {
            ValueMode::Value => self.textinput.borrow().get_content(),
            ValueMode::Default => self
                .upcast::<Element>()
                .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("value"))
                .map_or(DOMString::from(""), |a| {
                    DOMString::from(a.summarize().value)
                }),
            ValueMode::DefaultOn => self
                .upcast::<Element>()
                .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("value"))
                .map_or(DOMString::from("on"), |a| {
                    DOMString::from(a.summarize().value)
                }),
            ValueMode::Filename => {
                let mut path = DOMString::from("");
                match self.filelist.get() {
                    Some(ref fl) => match fl.Item(0) {
                        Some(ref f) => {
                            path.push_str("C:\\fakepath\\");
                            path.push_str(&f.name().str());
                            path
                        },
                        None => path,
                    },
                    None => path,
                }
            },
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-value>
    fn SetValue(&self, mut value: DOMString, can_gc: CanGc) -> ErrorResult {
        match self.value_mode() {
            ValueMode::Value => {
                {
                    // Step 3.
                    self.value_dirty.set(true);

                    // Step 4.
                    self.sanitize_value(&mut value);

                    let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();

                    // Step 5.
                    if textinput.get_content() != value {
                        // Steps 1-2
                        textinput.set_content(value);

                        // Step 5.
                        textinput.clear_selection_to_end();
                    }
                }

                // Additionally, update the placeholder shown state in another
                // scope to prevent the borrow checker issue. This is normally
                // being done in the attributed mutated.
                self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
            },
            ValueMode::Default | ValueMode::DefaultOn => {
                self.upcast::<Element>()
                    .set_string_attribute(&local_name!("value"), value, can_gc);
            },
            ValueMode::Filename => {
                if value.is_empty() {
                    let window = self.owner_window();
                    let fl = FileList::new(&window, vec![], can_gc);
                    self.filelist.set(Some(&fl));
                } else {
                    return Err(Error::InvalidState(None));
                }
            },
        }

        self.value_changed(can_gc);
        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
        Ok(())
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-defaultvalue
    make_getter!(DefaultValue, "value");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-defaultvalue
    make_setter!(SetDefaultValue, "value");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-min
    make_getter!(Min, "min");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-min
    make_setter!(SetMin, "min");

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-list>
    fn GetList(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<HTMLDataListElement>> {
        self.suggestions_source_element()
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-valueasdate
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    fn GetValueAsDate(&self, cx: SafeJSContext) -> Option<NonNull<JSObject>> {
        self.convert_string_to_naive_datetime(self.Value())
            .map(|date_time| unsafe {
                let time = ClippedTime {
                    t: (date_time - OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH).whole_milliseconds() as f64,
                };
                NonNull::new_unchecked(NewDateObject(*cx, time))
            })
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-valueasdate
    #[expect(non_snake_case)]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    fn SetValueAsDate(
        &self,
        cx: SafeJSContext,
        value: *mut JSObject,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        rooted!(in(*cx) let value = value);
        if !self.does_value_as_date_apply() {
            return Err(Error::InvalidState(None));
        }
        if value.is_null() {
            return self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc);
        }
        let mut msecs: f64 = 0.0;
        // We need to go through unsafe code to interrogate jsapi about a Date.
        // To minimize the amount of unsafe code to maintain, this just gets the milliseconds,
        // which we then reinflate into a NaiveDate for use in safe code.
        unsafe {
            let mut isDate = false;
            if !ObjectIsDate(*cx, Handle::from(value.handle()), &mut isDate) {
                return Err(Error::JSFailed);
            }
            if !isDate {
                return Err(Error::Type("Value was not a date".to_string()));
            }
            if !DateGetMsecSinceEpoch(*cx, Handle::from(value.handle()), &mut msecs) {
                return Err(Error::JSFailed);
            }
            if !msecs.is_finite() {
                return self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc);
            }
        }

        let Ok(date_time) = OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp_nanos((msecs * 1e6) as i128) else {
            return self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc);
        };
        self.SetValue(self.convert_datetime_to_dom_string(date_time), can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-valueasnumber>
    fn ValueAsNumber(&self) -> f64 {
        self.convert_string_to_number(&self.Value().str())
            .unwrap_or(f64::NAN)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-valueasnumber>
    fn SetValueAsNumber(&self, value: f64, can_gc: CanGc) -> ErrorResult {
        if value.is_infinite() {
            Err(Error::Type("value is not finite".to_string()))
        } else if !self.does_value_as_number_apply() {
            Err(Error::InvalidState(None))
        } else if value.is_nan() {
            self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc)
        } else if let Some(converted) = self.convert_number_to_string(value) {
            self.SetValue(converted, can_gc)
        } else {
            // The most literal spec-compliant implementation would use bignum types so
            // overflow is impossible, but just setting an overflow to the empty string
            // matches Firefox's behavior. For example, try input.valueAsNumber=1e30 on
            // a type="date" input.
            self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc)
        }
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-fe-name
    make_getter!(Name, "name");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-fe-name
    make_atomic_setter!(SetName, "name");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-placeholder
    make_getter!(Placeholder, "placeholder");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-placeholder
    make_setter!(SetPlaceholder, "placeholder");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-formaction
    make_form_action_getter!(FormAction, "formaction");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-formaction
    make_setter!(SetFormAction, "formaction");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fs-formenctype
    make_enumerated_getter!(
        FormEnctype,
        "formenctype",
        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" | "text/plain" | "multipart/form-data",
        invalid => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
    );

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-formenctype
    make_setter!(SetFormEnctype, "formenctype");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fs-formmethod
    make_enumerated_getter!(
        FormMethod,
        "formmethod",
        "get" | "post" | "dialog",
        invalid => "get"
    );

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-fs-formmethod
    make_setter!(SetFormMethod, "formmethod");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-formtarget
    make_getter!(FormTarget, "formtarget");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-formtarget
    make_setter!(SetFormTarget, "formtarget");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-fs-formnovalidate
    make_bool_getter!(FormNoValidate, "formnovalidate");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-fs-formnovalidate
    make_bool_setter!(SetFormNoValidate, "formnovalidate");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-max
    make_getter!(Max, "max");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-max
    make_setter!(SetMax, "max");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-maxlength
    make_int_getter!(MaxLength, "maxlength", DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH);

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-maxlength
    make_limited_int_setter!(SetMaxLength, "maxlength", DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH);

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-minlength
    make_int_getter!(MinLength, "minlength", DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH);

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-minlength
    make_limited_int_setter!(SetMinLength, "minlength", DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH);

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-multiple
    make_bool_getter!(Multiple, "multiple");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-multiple
    make_bool_setter!(SetMultiple, "multiple");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-pattern
    make_getter!(Pattern, "pattern");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-pattern
    make_setter!(SetPattern, "pattern");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-required
    make_bool_getter!(Required, "required");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-required
    make_bool_setter!(SetRequired, "required");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-src
    make_url_getter!(Src, "src");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-src
    make_url_setter!(SetSrc, "src");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-step
    make_getter!(Step, "step");

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-step
    make_setter!(SetStep, "step");

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-indeterminate>
    fn Indeterminate(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .state()
            .contains(ElementState::INDETERMINATE)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-indeterminate>
    fn SetIndeterminate(&self, val: bool) {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .set_state(ElementState::INDETERMINATE, val)
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-lfe-labels
    // Different from make_labels_getter because this one
    // conditionally returns null.
    fn GetLabels(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> Option<DomRoot<NodeList>> {
        if self.input_type() == InputType::Hidden {
            None
        } else {
            Some(self.labels_node_list.or_init(|| {
                NodeList::new_labels_list(
                    self.upcast::<Node>().owner_doc().window(),
                    self.upcast::<HTMLElement>(),
                    can_gc,
                )
            }))
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-select>
    fn Select(&self) {
        self.selection().dom_select();
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>
    fn GetSelectionStart(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.selection().dom_start().map(|start| start.0 as u32)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>
    fn SetSelectionStart(&self, start: Option<u32>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection()
            .set_dom_start(start.map(Utf16CodeUnitLength::from))
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>
    fn GetSelectionEnd(&self) -> Option<u32> {
        self.selection().dom_end().map(|end| end.0 as u32)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>
    fn SetSelectionEnd(&self, end: Option<u32>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection()
            .set_dom_end(end.map(Utf16CodeUnitLength::from))
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>
    fn GetSelectionDirection(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.selection().dom_direction()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>
    fn SetSelectionDirection(&self, direction: Option<DOMString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection().set_dom_direction(direction)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>
    fn SetSelectionRange(&self, start: u32, end: u32, direction: Option<DOMString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection().set_dom_range(
            Utf16CodeUnitLength::from(start),
            Utf16CodeUnitLength::from(end),
            direction,
        )
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>
    fn SetRangeText(&self, replacement: DOMString) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection()
            .set_dom_range_text(replacement, None, None, Default::default())
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>
    fn SetRangeText_(
        &self,
        replacement: DOMString,
        start: u32,
        end: u32,
        selection_mode: SelectionMode,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        self.selection().set_dom_range_text(
            replacement,
            Some(Utf16CodeUnitLength::from(start)),
            Some(Utf16CodeUnitLength::from(end)),
            selection_mode,
        )
    }

    /// Select the files based on filepaths passed in, enabled by
    /// `dom_testing_html_input_element_select_files_enabled`, used for test purpose.
    fn SelectFiles(&self, paths: Vec<DOMString>) {
        if self.input_type() == InputType::File {
            self.select_files(Some(paths));
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-stepup>
    fn StepUp(&self, n: i32, can_gc: CanGc) -> ErrorResult {
        self.step_up_or_down(n, StepDirection::Up, can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-input-stepdown>
    fn StepDown(&self, n: i32, can_gc: CanGc) -> ErrorResult {
        self.step_up_or_down(n, StepDirection::Down, can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-willvalidate>
    fn WillValidate(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_instance_validatable()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-validity>
    fn Validity(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> DomRoot<ValidityState> {
        self.validity_state(can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-checkvalidity>
    fn CheckValidity(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> bool {
        self.check_validity(can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-reportvalidity>
    fn ReportValidity(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> bool {
        self.report_validity(can_gc)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-validationmessage>
    fn ValidationMessage(&self) -> DOMString {
        self.validation_message()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>
    fn SetCustomValidity(&self, error: DOMString, can_gc: CanGc) {
        self.validity_state(can_gc).set_custom_error_message(error);
    }
}

fn radio_group_iter<'a>(
    elem: &'a HTMLInputElement,
    group: Option<&'a Atom>,
    form: Option<&'a HTMLFormElement>,
    root: &'a Node,
) -> impl Iterator<Item = DomRoot<HTMLInputElement>> + 'a {
    root.traverse_preorder(ShadowIncluding::No)
        .filter_map(DomRoot::downcast::<HTMLInputElement>)
        .filter(move |r| &**r == elem || in_same_group(r, form, group, Some(root)))
}

fn broadcast_radio_checked(broadcaster: &HTMLInputElement, group: Option<&Atom>, can_gc: CanGc) {
    let root = broadcaster
        .upcast::<Node>()
        .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
    let form = broadcaster.form_owner();
    for r in radio_group_iter(broadcaster, group, form.as_deref(), &root) {
        if broadcaster != &*r && r.Checked() {
            r.SetChecked(false, can_gc);
        }
    }
}

fn perform_radio_group_validation(elem: &HTMLInputElement, group: Option<&Atom>, can_gc: CanGc) {
    let root = elem
        .upcast::<Node>()
        .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
    let form = elem.form_owner();
    for r in radio_group_iter(elem, group, form.as_deref(), &root) {
        r.validity_state(can_gc)
            .perform_validation_and_update(ValidationFlags::all(), can_gc);
    }
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-group>
fn in_same_group(
    other: &HTMLInputElement,
    owner: Option<&HTMLFormElement>,
    group: Option<&Atom>,
    tree_root: Option<&Node>,
) -> bool {
    if group.is_none() {
        // Radio input elements with a missing or empty name are alone in their own group.
        return false;
    }

    if other.input_type() != InputType::Radio ||
        other.form_owner().as_deref() != owner ||
        other.radio_group_name().as_ref() != group
    {
        return false;
    }

    match tree_root {
        Some(tree_root) => {
            let other_root = other
                .upcast::<Node>()
                .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
            tree_root == &*other_root
        },
        None => {
            // Skip check if the tree root isn't provided.
            true
        },
    }
}

impl HTMLInputElement {
    fn radio_group_updated(&self, group: Option<&Atom>, can_gc: CanGc) {
        if self.Checked() {
            broadcast_radio_checked(self, group, can_gc);
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#constructing-the-form-data-set>
    /// Steps range from 5.1 to 5.10 (specific to HTMLInputElement)
    pub(crate) fn form_datums(
        &self,
        submitter: Option<FormSubmitterElement>,
        encoding: Option<&'static Encoding>,
    ) -> Vec<FormDatum> {
        // 3.1: disabled state check is in get_unclean_dataset

        // Step 5.2
        let ty = self.Type();

        // Step 5.4
        let name = self.Name();
        let is_submitter = match submitter {
            Some(FormSubmitterElement::Input(s)) => self == s,
            _ => false,
        };

        match self.input_type() {
            // Step 5.1: it's a button but it is not submitter.
            InputType::Submit | InputType::Button | InputType::Reset if !is_submitter => {
                return vec![];
            },

            // Step 5.1: it's the "Checkbox" or "Radio Button" and whose checkedness is false.
            InputType::Radio | InputType::Checkbox => {
                if !self.Checked() || name.is_empty() {
                    return vec![];
                }
            },

            InputType::File => {
                let mut datums = vec![];

                // Step 5.2-5.7
                let name = self.Name();

                match self.GetFiles() {
                    Some(fl) => {
                        for f in fl.iter_files() {
                            datums.push(FormDatum {
                                ty: ty.clone(),
                                name: name.clone(),
                                value: FormDatumValue::File(DomRoot::from_ref(f)),
                            });
                        }
                    },
                    None => {
                        datums.push(FormDatum {
                            // XXX(izgzhen): Spec says 'application/octet-stream' as the type,
                            // but this is _type_ of element rather than content right?
                            ty: ty.clone(),
                            name: name.clone(),
                            value: FormDatumValue::String(DOMString::from("")),
                        })
                    },
                }

                return datums;
            },

            InputType::Image => return vec![], // Unimplemented

            // Step 5.10: it's a hidden field named _charset_
            InputType::Hidden => {
                if name.to_ascii_lowercase() == "_charset_" {
                    return vec![FormDatum {
                        ty: ty.clone(),
                        name,
                        value: FormDatumValue::String(match encoding {
                            None => DOMString::from("UTF-8"),
                            Some(enc) => DOMString::from(enc.name()),
                        }),
                    }];
                }
            },

            // Step 5.1: it's not the "Image Button" and doesn't have a name attribute.
            _ => {
                if name.is_empty() {
                    return vec![];
                }
            },
        }

        // Step 5.12
        vec![FormDatum {
            ty: ty.clone(),
            name,
            value: FormDatumValue::String(self.Value()),
        }]
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-group>
    fn radio_group_name(&self) -> Option<Atom> {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .get_name()
            .filter(|name| !name.is_empty())
    }

    fn update_checked_state(&self, checked: bool, dirty: bool, can_gc: CanGc) {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .set_state(ElementState::CHECKED, checked);

        if dirty {
            self.checked_changed.set(true);
        }

        if self.input_type() == InputType::Radio && checked {
            broadcast_radio_checked(self, self.radio_group_name().as_ref(), can_gc);
        }

        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-fe-mutable
    pub(crate) fn is_mutable(&self) -> bool {
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element:concept-fe-mutable
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-readonly-attribute:concept-fe-mutable
        !(self.upcast::<Element>().disabled_state() || self.ReadOnly())
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element:concept-form-reset-control
    pub(crate) fn reset(&self, can_gc: CanGc) {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Radio | InputType::Checkbox => {
                self.update_checked_state(self.DefaultChecked(), false, can_gc);
                self.checked_changed.set(false);
                self.value_changed(can_gc);
            },
            InputType::Image => (),
            _ => (),
        }
        self.textinput.borrow_mut().set_content(self.DefaultValue());
        self.value_dirty.set(false);
        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#ref-for-dfn-clear-algorithm-3>
    /// Used by WebDriver to clear the input element.
    pub(crate) fn clear(&self, can_gc: CanGc) {
        // Step 1. Reset dirty value and dirty checkedness flags.
        self.value_dirty.set(false);
        self.checked_changed.set(false);
        // Step 2. Set value to empty string.
        self.textinput.borrow_mut().set_content(DOMString::from(""));
        // Step 3. Set checkedness based on presence of content attribute.
        self.update_checked_state(self.DefaultChecked(), false, can_gc);
        self.value_changed(can_gc);
        // Step 4. Empty selected files
        if self.filelist.get().is_some() {
            let window = self.owner_window();
            let filelist = FileList::new(&window, vec![], can_gc);
            self.filelist.set(Some(&filelist));
        }
        // Step 5. invoke the value sanitization algorithm iff
        // the type attribute's current state defines one.
        // This is covered in `fn sanitize_value` called below.
        self.enable_sanitization();
        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
    }

    fn update_placeholder_shown_state(&self) {
        if !self.input_type().is_textual_or_password() {
            self.upcast::<Element>().set_placeholder_shown_state(false);
        } else {
            let has_placeholder = !self.placeholder.borrow().is_empty();
            let has_value = !self.textinput.borrow().is_empty();
            self.upcast::<Element>()
                .set_placeholder_shown_state(has_placeholder && !has_value);
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn select_files_for_webdriver(
        &self,
        test_paths: Vec<DOMString>,
        response_sender: GenericSender<Result<bool, ErrorStatus>>,
    ) {
        let mut stored_sender = self.pending_webdriver_response.borrow_mut();
        assert!(stored_sender.is_none());

        *stored_sender = Some(PendingWebDriverResponse {
            response_sender,
            expected_file_count: test_paths.len(),
        });

        self.select_files(Some(test_paths));
    }

    /// Select files by invoking UI or by passed in argument.
    ///
    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#file-upload-state-(type=file)>
    pub(crate) fn select_files(&self, test_paths: Option<Vec<DOMString>>) {
        let current_paths = match &test_paths {
            Some(test_paths) => test_paths
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|path_str| PathBuf::from_str(&path_str.str()).ok())
                .collect(),
            // TODO: This should get the pathnames of the current files, but we currently don't have
            // that information in Script. It should be passed through here.
            None => Default::default(),
        };

        let accept_current_paths_for_testing = test_paths.is_some();
        self.owner_document()
            .embedder_controls()
            .show_embedder_control(
                ControlElement::FileInput(DomRoot::from_ref(self)),
                EmbedderControlRequest::FilePicker(FilePickerRequest {
                    origin: get_blob_origin(&self.owner_window().get_url()),
                    current_paths,
                    filter_patterns: filter_from_accept(&self.Accept()),
                    allow_select_multiple: self.Multiple(),
                    accept_current_paths_for_testing,
                }),
                None,
            );
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#value-sanitization-algorithm>
    fn sanitize_value(&self, value: &mut DOMString) {
        // if sanitization_flag is false, we are setting content attributes
        // on an element we haven't really finished creating; we will
        // enable the flag and really sanitize before this element becomes
        // observable.
        if !self.sanitization_flag.get() {
            return;
        }
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Text | InputType::Search | InputType::Tel | InputType::Password => {
                value.strip_newlines();
            },
            InputType::Url => {
                value.strip_newlines();
                value.strip_leading_and_trailing_ascii_whitespace();
            },
            InputType::Date => {
                if !value.str().is_valid_date_string() {
                    value.clear();
                }
            },
            InputType::Month => {
                if !value.str().is_valid_month_string() {
                    value.clear();
                }
            },
            InputType::Week => {
                if !value.str().is_valid_week_string() {
                    value.clear();
                }
            },
            InputType::Color => {
                if value.str().is_valid_simple_color_string() {
                    value.make_ascii_lowercase();
                } else {
                    *value = "#000000".into();
                }
            },
            InputType::Time => {
                if !value.str().is_valid_time_string() {
                    value.clear();
                }
            },
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => {
                let time = value
                    .str()
                    .parse_local_date_time_string()
                    .map(|date_time| date_time.to_local_date_time_string());
                match time {
                    Some(normalized_string) => *value = DOMString::from_string(normalized_string),
                    None => value.clear(),
                }
            },
            InputType::Number => {
                if !value.is_valid_floating_point_number_string() {
                    value.clear();
                }
                // Spec says that user agent "may" round the value
                // when it's suffering a step mismatch, but WPT tests
                // want it unrounded, and this matches other browser
                // behavior (typing an unrounded number into an
                // integer field box and pressing enter generally keeps
                // the number intact but makes the input box :invalid)
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#range-state-(type=range):value-sanitization-algorithm
            InputType::Range => {
                if !value.is_valid_floating_point_number_string() {
                    *value = DOMString::from(self.default_range_value().to_string());
                }
                if let Ok(fval) = &value.parse::<f64>() {
                    let mut fval = *fval;
                    // comparing max first, because if they contradict
                    // the spec wants min to be the one that applies
                    if let Some(max) = self.maximum() {
                        if fval > max {
                            fval = max;
                        }
                    }
                    if let Some(min) = self.minimum() {
                        if fval < min {
                            fval = min;
                        }
                    }
                    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#range-state-(type=range):suffering-from-a-step-mismatch
                    // Spec does not describe this in a way that lends itself to
                    // reproducible handling of floating-point rounding;
                    // Servo may fail a WPT test because .1 * 6 == 6.000000000000001
                    if let Some(allowed_value_step) = self.allowed_value_step() {
                        let step_base = self.step_base();
                        let steps_from_base = (fval - step_base) / allowed_value_step;
                        if steps_from_base.fract() != 0.0 {
                            // not an integer number of steps, there's a mismatch
                            // round the number of steps...
                            let int_steps = round_halves_positive(steps_from_base);
                            // and snap the value to that rounded value...
                            fval = int_steps * allowed_value_step + step_base;

                            // but if after snapping we're now outside min..max
                            // we have to adjust! (adjusting to min last because
                            // that "wins" over max in the spec)
                            if let Some(stepped_maximum) = self.stepped_maximum() {
                                if fval > stepped_maximum {
                                    fval = stepped_maximum;
                                }
                            }
                            if let Some(stepped_minimum) = self.stepped_minimum() {
                                if fval < stepped_minimum {
                                    fval = stepped_minimum;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    *value = DOMString::from(fval.to_string());
                };
            },
            InputType::Email => {
                if !self.Multiple() {
                    value.strip_newlines();
                    value.strip_leading_and_trailing_ascii_whitespace();
                } else {
                    let sanitized = split_commas(&value.str())
                        .map(|token| {
                            let mut token = DOMString::from(token.to_string());
                            token.strip_newlines();
                            token.strip_leading_and_trailing_ascii_whitespace();
                            token
                        })
                        .join(",");
                    value.clear();
                    value.push_str(sanitized.as_str());
                }
            },
            // The following inputs don't have a value sanitization algorithm.
            // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#value-sanitization-algorithm
            InputType::Button |
            InputType::Checkbox |
            InputType::File |
            InputType::Hidden |
            InputType::Image |
            InputType::Radio |
            InputType::Reset |
            InputType::Submit => (),
        }
    }

    #[cfg_attr(crown, expect(crown::unrooted_must_root))]
    fn selection(&self) -> TextControlSelection<'_, Self> {
        TextControlSelection::new(self, &self.textinput)
    }

    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#implicit-submission
    fn implicit_submission(&self, can_gc: CanGc) {
        let doc = self.owner_document();
        let node = doc.upcast::<Node>();
        let owner = self.form_owner();
        let form = match owner {
            None => return,
            Some(ref f) => f,
        };

        if self.upcast::<Element>().click_in_progress() {
            return;
        }
        let submit_button = node
            .query_selector_iter(DOMString::from("input[type=submit]"))
            .unwrap()
            .filter_map(DomRoot::downcast::<HTMLInputElement>)
            .find(|r| r.form_owner() == owner);
        match submit_button {
            Some(ref button) => {
                if button.is_instance_activatable() {
                    // spec does not actually say to set the not trusted flag,
                    // but we can get here from synthetic keydown events
                    button
                        .upcast::<Node>()
                        .fire_synthetic_pointer_event_not_trusted(DOMString::from("click"), can_gc);
                }
            },
            None => {
                let mut inputs = node
                    .query_selector_iter(DOMString::from("input"))
                    .unwrap()
                    .filter_map(DomRoot::downcast::<HTMLInputElement>)
                    .filter(|input| {
                        input.form_owner() == owner &&
                            matches!(
                                input.input_type(),
                                InputType::Text |
                                    InputType::Search |
                                    InputType::Url |
                                    InputType::Tel |
                                    InputType::Email |
                                    InputType::Password |
                                    InputType::Date |
                                    InputType::Month |
                                    InputType::Week |
                                    InputType::Time |
                                    InputType::DatetimeLocal |
                                    InputType::Number
                            )
                    });

                if inputs.nth(1).is_some() {
                    // lazily test for > 1 submission-blocking inputs
                    return;
                }
                form.submit(
                    SubmittedFrom::NotFromForm,
                    FormSubmitterElement::Form(form),
                    can_gc,
                );
            },
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-value-string-number>
    fn convert_string_to_number(&self, value: &str) -> Option<f64> {
        match self.input_type() {
            // > The algorithm to convert a string to a number, given a string input, is as
            // > follows: If parsing a date from input results in an error, then return an
            // > error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight
            // > UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value
            // > "1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z") to midnight UTC on the morning of the parsed
            // > date, ignoring leap seconds.
            InputType::Date => value.parse_date_string().map(|date_time| {
                (date_time - OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH).whole_milliseconds() as f64
            }),
            // > The algorithm to convert a string to a number, given a string input, is as
            // > follows: If parsing a month from input results in an error, then return an
            // > error; otherwise, return the number of months between January 1970 and the
            // > parsed month.
            //
            // This one returns number of months, not milliseconds (specification requires
            // this, presumably because number of milliseconds is not consistent across
            // months) the - 1.0 is because january is 1, not 0
            InputType::Month => value.parse_month_string().map(|date_time| {
                ((date_time.year() - 1970) * 12) as f64 + (date_time.month() as u8 - 1) as f64
            }),
            // > The algorithm to convert a string to a number, given a string input, is as
            // > follows: If parsing a week string from input results in an error, then
            // > return an error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from
            // > midnight UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the
            // > value "1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z") to midnight UTC on the morning of the
            // > Monday of the parsed week, ignoring leap seconds.
            InputType::Week => value.parse_week_string().map(|date_time| {
                (date_time - OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH).whole_milliseconds() as f64
            }),
            // > The algorithm to convert a string to a number, given a string input, is as
            // > follows: If parsing a time from input results in an error, then return an
            // > error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight to
            // > the parsed time on a day with no time changes.
            InputType::Time => value
                .parse_time_string()
                .map(|date_time| (date_time.time() - Time::MIDNIGHT).whole_milliseconds() as f64),
            // > The algorithm to convert a string to a number, given a string input, is as
            // > follows: If parsing a date and time from input results in an error, then
            // > return an error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from
            // > midnight on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value
            // > "1970-01-01T00:00:00.0") to the parsed local date and time, ignoring leap
            // > seconds.
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => value.parse_local_date_time_string().map(|date_time| {
                (date_time - OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH).whole_milliseconds() as f64
            }),
            InputType::Number | InputType::Range => parse_floating_point_number(value),
            // min/max/valueAsNumber/stepDown/stepUp do not apply to
            // the remaining types
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-value-string-number>
    fn convert_number_to_string(&self, value: f64) -> Option<DOMString> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Date | InputType::Week | InputType::Time | InputType::DatetimeLocal => {
                OffsetDateTime::from_unix_timestamp_nanos((value * 1e6) as i128)
                    .ok()
                    .map(|value| self.convert_datetime_to_dom_string(value))
            },
            InputType::Month => {
                // > The algorithm to convert a number to a string, given a number input,
                // > is as follows: Return a valid month string that represents the month
                // > that has input months between it and January 1970.
                let date = OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH;
                let years = (value / 12.) as i32;
                let year = date.year() + years;

                let months = value as i32 - (years * 12);
                let months = match months.cmp(&0) {
                    Ordering::Less => (12 - months) as u8,
                    Ordering::Equal | Ordering::Greater => months as u8,
                } + 1;

                let date = date
                    .replace_year(year)
                    .ok()?
                    .replace_month(Month::try_from(months).ok()?)
                    .ok()?;
                Some(self.convert_datetime_to_dom_string(date))
            },
            InputType::Number | InputType::Range => {
                let mut value = DOMString::from(value.to_string());
                value.set_best_representation_of_the_floating_point_number();
                Some(value)
            },
            _ => unreachable!("Should not have called convert_number_to_string for non-Date types"),
        }
    }

    // <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-value-string-date>
    // This does the safe Rust part of conversion; the unsafe JS Date part
    // is in GetValueAsDate
    fn convert_string_to_naive_datetime(&self, value: DOMString) -> Option<OffsetDateTime> {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Date => value.str().parse_date_string(),
            InputType::Time => value.str().parse_time_string(),
            InputType::Week => value.str().parse_week_string(),
            InputType::Month => value.str().parse_month_string(),
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => value.str().parse_local_date_time_string(),
            // does not apply to other types
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-input-value-date-string>
    /// This does the safe Rust part of conversion; the unsafe JS Date part
    /// is in SetValueAsDate
    fn convert_datetime_to_dom_string(&self, value: OffsetDateTime) -> DOMString {
        DOMString::from_string(match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Date => value.to_date_string(),
            InputType::Month => value.to_month_string(),
            InputType::Week => value.to_week_string(),
            InputType::Time => value.to_time_string(),
            InputType::DatetimeLocal => value.to_local_date_time_string(),
            _ => {
                unreachable!("Should not have called convert_datetime_to_string for non-Date types")
            },
        })
    }

    fn update_related_validity_states(&self, can_gc: CanGc) {
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Radio => {
                perform_radio_group_validation(self, self.radio_group_name().as_ref(), can_gc)
            },
            _ => {
                self.validity_state(can_gc)
                    .perform_validation_and_update(ValidationFlags::all(), can_gc);
            },
        }
    }

    fn value_changed(&self, can_gc: CanGc) {
        self.update_related_validity_states(can_gc);
        self.get_or_create_shadow_tree(can_gc).update(self, can_gc);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#show-the-picker,-if-applicable>
    fn show_the_picker_if_applicable(&self) {
        // FIXME: Implement most of this algorithm

        // Step 2. If element is not mutable, then return.
        if !self.is_mutable() {
            return;
        }

        // Step 6. Otherwise, the user agent should show the relevant user interface for selecting a value for element,
        // in the way it normally would when the user interacts with the control.
        if self.input_type() == InputType::Color {
            let document = self.owner_document();
            let current_value = self.Value();
            let current_color = RgbColor {
                red: u8::from_str_radix(&current_value.str()[1..3], 16).unwrap(),
                green: u8::from_str_radix(&current_value.str()[3..5], 16).unwrap(),
                blue: u8::from_str_radix(&current_value.str()[5..7], 16).unwrap(),
            };
            document.embedder_controls().show_embedder_control(
                ControlElement::ColorInput(DomRoot::from_ref(self)),
                EmbedderControlRequest::ColorPicker(current_color),
                None,
            );
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn handle_color_picker_response(&self, response: Option<RgbColor>, can_gc: CanGc) {
        let Some(selected_color) = response else {
            return;
        };
        let formatted_color = format!(
            "#{:0>2x}{:0>2x}{:0>2x}",
            selected_color.red, selected_color.green, selected_color.blue
        );
        let _ = self.SetValue(formatted_color.into(), can_gc);
    }

    pub(crate) fn handle_file_picker_response(
        &self,
        response: Option<Vec<SelectedFile>>,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) {
        let mut files = Vec::new();

        if let Some(pending_webdriver_reponse) = self.pending_webdriver_response.borrow_mut().take()
        {
            // From: <https://w3c.github.io/webdriver/#dfn-dispatch-actions-for-a-string>
            // "Complete implementation specific steps equivalent to setting the selected
            // files on the input element. If multiple is true files are be appended to
            // element's selected files."
            //
            // Note: This is annoying.
            if self.Multiple() {
                if let Some(filelist) = self.filelist.get() {
                    files = filelist.iter_files().map(|file| file.as_rooted()).collect();
                }
            }

            let number_files_selected = response.as_ref().map(Vec::len).unwrap_or_default();
            pending_webdriver_reponse.finish(number_files_selected);
        }

        let Some(response_files) = response else {
            return;
        };

        let window = self.owner_window();
        files.extend(
            response_files
                .into_iter()
                .map(|file| File::new_from_selected(&window, file, can_gc)),
        );

        // Only use the last file if this isn't a multi-select file input. This could
        // happen if the attribute changed after the file dialog was initiated.
        if !self.Multiple() {
            files = files
                .pop()
                .map(|last_file| vec![last_file])
                .unwrap_or_default();
        }

        self.filelist
            .set(Some(&FileList::new(&window, files, can_gc)));

        let target = self.upcast::<EventTarget>();
        target.fire_event_with_params(
            atom!("input"),
            EventBubbles::Bubbles,
            EventCancelable::NotCancelable,
            EventComposed::Composed,
            can_gc,
        );
        target.fire_bubbling_event(atom!("change"), can_gc);
    }

    fn handle_focus_event(&self, event: &FocusEvent) {
        // The focus state can afect the selection (see `selection_for_layout()`),
        // thus dirty the node so that it is laid out again.
        // TODO: Selection changes shouldn't require a new layout.
        if self.renders_as_text_input_widget() {
            self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::ContentOrHeritage);
        }

        let event_type = event.upcast::<Event>().type_();
        if *event_type == *"blur" {
            self.owner_document()
                .embedder_controls()
                .hide_embedder_control(self.upcast());
        } else if *event_type == *"focus" {
            let Ok(input_method_type) = self.input_type().try_into() else {
                return;
            };

            self.owner_document()
                .embedder_controls()
                .show_embedder_control(
                    ControlElement::Ime(DomRoot::from_ref(self.upcast())),
                    EmbedderControlRequest::InputMethod(InputMethodRequest {
                        input_method_type,
                        text: self.Value().to_string(),
                        insertion_point: self.GetSelectionEnd(),
                        multiline: false,
                    }),
                    None,
                );
        } else {
            unreachable!("Got unexpected FocusEvent {event_type:?}");
        }
    }
}

impl VirtualMethods for HTMLInputElement {
    fn super_type(&self) -> Option<&dyn VirtualMethods> {
        Some(self.upcast::<HTMLElement>() as &dyn VirtualMethods)
    }

    fn attribute_mutated(&self, attr: &Attr, mutation: AttributeMutation, can_gc: CanGc) {
        let could_have_had_embedder_control = self.may_have_embedder_control();

        self.super_type()
            .unwrap()
            .attribute_mutated(attr, mutation, can_gc);

        match *attr.local_name() {
            local_name!("disabled") => {
                let disabled_state = match mutation {
                    AttributeMutation::Set(None, _) => true,
                    AttributeMutation::Set(Some(_), _) => {
                        // Input was already disabled before.
                        return;
                    },
                    AttributeMutation::Removed => false,
                };
                let el = self.upcast::<Element>();
                el.set_disabled_state(disabled_state);
                el.set_enabled_state(!disabled_state);
                el.check_ancestors_disabled_state_for_form_control();

                if self.input_type().is_textual() {
                    let read_write = !(self.ReadOnly() || el.disabled_state());
                    el.set_read_write_state(read_write);
                }

                el.update_sequentially_focusable_status(can_gc);
            },
            local_name!("checked") if !self.checked_changed.get() => {
                let checked_state = match mutation {
                    AttributeMutation::Set(None, _) => true,
                    AttributeMutation::Set(Some(_), _) => {
                        // Input was already checked before.
                        return;
                    },
                    AttributeMutation::Removed => false,
                };
                self.update_checked_state(checked_state, false, can_gc);
            },
            local_name!("size") => {
                let size = mutation.new_value(attr).map(|value| value.as_uint());
                self.size.set(size.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE));
            },
            local_name!("type") => {
                let el = self.upcast::<Element>();
                match mutation {
                    AttributeMutation::Set(..) => {
                        let new_type = InputType::from(attr.value().as_atom());

                        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#input-type-change
                        let (old_value_mode, old_idl_value) = (self.value_mode(), self.Value());
                        let previously_selectable = self.selection_api_applies();

                        self.input_type.set(new_type);

                        if new_type.is_textual() {
                            let read_write = !(self.ReadOnly() || el.disabled_state());
                            el.set_read_write_state(read_write);
                        } else {
                            el.set_read_write_state(false);
                        }

                        if new_type == InputType::File {
                            let window = self.owner_window();
                            let filelist = FileList::new(&window, vec![], can_gc);
                            self.filelist.set(Some(&filelist));
                        }

                        let new_value_mode = self.value_mode();
                        match (&old_value_mode, old_idl_value.is_empty(), new_value_mode) {
                            // Step 1
                            (&ValueMode::Value, false, ValueMode::Default) |
                            (&ValueMode::Value, false, ValueMode::DefaultOn) => {
                                self.SetValue(old_idl_value, can_gc)
                                    .expect("Failed to set input value on type change to a default ValueMode.");
                            },

                            // Step 2
                            (_, _, ValueMode::Value) if old_value_mode != ValueMode::Value => {
                                self.SetValue(
                                    self.upcast::<Element>()
                                        .get_attribute(&ns!(), &local_name!("value"))
                                        .map_or(DOMString::from(""), |a| {
                                            DOMString::from(a.summarize().value)
                                        }),
                                    can_gc,
                                )
                                .expect(
                                    "Failed to set input value on type change to ValueMode::Value.",
                                );
                                self.value_dirty.set(false);
                            },

                            // Step 3
                            (_, _, ValueMode::Filename)
                                if old_value_mode != ValueMode::Filename =>
                            {
                                self.SetValue(DOMString::from(""), can_gc)
                                    .expect("Failed to set input value on type change to ValueMode::Filename.");
                            },
                            _ => {},
                        }

                        // Step 5
                        if new_type == InputType::Radio {
                            self.radio_group_updated(self.radio_group_name().as_ref(), can_gc);
                        }

                        // Step 6
                        let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();
                        let mut value = textinput.get_content();
                        self.sanitize_value(&mut value);
                        textinput.set_content(value);
                        self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);

                        // Steps 7-9
                        if !previously_selectable && self.selection_api_applies() {
                            textinput.clear_selection_to_start();
                        }
                    },
                    AttributeMutation::Removed => {
                        if self.input_type() == InputType::Radio {
                            broadcast_radio_checked(self, self.radio_group_name().as_ref(), can_gc);
                        }
                        self.input_type.set(InputType::default());
                        let el = self.upcast::<Element>();

                        let read_write = !(self.ReadOnly() || el.disabled_state());
                        el.set_read_write_state(read_write);
                    },
                }

                self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                self.get_or_create_shadow_tree(can_gc)
                    .update_placeholder_contents(self, can_gc);
            },
            // FIXME(stevennovaryo): This is only reachable by Default and DefaultOn value mode. While others
            //                       are being handled in [Self::SetValue]. Should we merge this two together?
            local_name!("value") if !self.value_dirty.get() => {
                let value = mutation.new_value(attr).map(|value| (**value).to_owned());
                let mut value = value.map_or(DOMString::new(), DOMString::from);

                self.sanitize_value(&mut value);
                self.textinput.borrow_mut().set_content(value);
                self.update_placeholder_shown_state();

                self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
            },
            local_name!("name") if self.input_type() == InputType::Radio => {
                self.radio_group_updated(
                    mutation.new_value(attr).as_ref().map(|name| name.as_atom()),
                    can_gc,
                );
            },
            local_name!("maxlength") => match *attr.value() {
                AttrValue::Int(_, value) => {
                    let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();

                    if value < 0 {
                        textinput.set_max_length(None);
                    } else {
                        textinput.set_max_length(Some(Utf16CodeUnitLength(value as usize)))
                    }
                },
                _ => panic!("Expected an AttrValue::Int"),
            },
            local_name!("minlength") => match *attr.value() {
                AttrValue::Int(_, value) => {
                    let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();

                    if value < 0 {
                        textinput.set_min_length(None);
                    } else {
                        textinput.set_min_length(Some(Utf16CodeUnitLength(value as usize)))
                    }
                },
                _ => panic!("Expected an AttrValue::Int"),
            },
            local_name!("placeholder") => {
                {
                    let mut placeholder = self.placeholder.borrow_mut();
                    placeholder.clear();
                    if let AttributeMutation::Set(..) = mutation {
                        placeholder
                            .extend(attr.value().chars().filter(|&c| c != '\n' && c != '\r'));
                    }
                }
                self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                self.get_or_create_shadow_tree(can_gc)
                    .update_placeholder_contents(self, can_gc);
            },
            local_name!("readonly") => {
                if self.input_type().is_textual() {
                    let el = self.upcast::<Element>();
                    match mutation {
                        AttributeMutation::Set(..) => {
                            el.set_read_write_state(false);
                        },
                        AttributeMutation::Removed => {
                            el.set_read_write_state(!el.disabled_state());
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
            local_name!("form") => {
                self.form_attribute_mutated(mutation, can_gc);
            },
            _ => {},
        }

        self.value_changed(can_gc);

        if could_have_had_embedder_control && !self.may_have_embedder_control() {
            self.owner_document()
                .embedder_controls()
                .hide_embedder_control(self.upcast());
        }
    }

    fn parse_plain_attribute(&self, name: &LocalName, value: DOMString) -> AttrValue {
        match *name {
            local_name!("accept") => AttrValue::from_comma_separated_tokenlist(value.into()),
            local_name!("size") => AttrValue::from_limited_u32(value.into(), DEFAULT_INPUT_SIZE),
            local_name!("type") => AttrValue::from_atomic(value.into()),
            local_name!("maxlength") => {
                AttrValue::from_limited_i32(value.into(), DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH)
            },
            local_name!("minlength") => {
                AttrValue::from_limited_i32(value.into(), DEFAULT_MIN_LENGTH)
            },
            _ => self
                .super_type()
                .unwrap()
                .parse_plain_attribute(name, value),
        }
    }

    fn bind_to_tree(&self, context: &BindContext, can_gc: CanGc) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.bind_to_tree(context, can_gc);
        }
        self.upcast::<Element>()
            .check_ancestors_disabled_state_for_form_control();

        if self.input_type() == InputType::Radio {
            self.radio_group_updated(self.radio_group_name().as_ref(), can_gc);
        }

        self.value_changed(can_gc);
    }

    fn unbind_from_tree(&self, context: &UnbindContext, can_gc: CanGc) {
        let form_owner = self.form_owner();

        self.super_type().unwrap().unbind_from_tree(context, can_gc);

        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        let el = self.upcast::<Element>();
        if node
            .ancestors()
            .any(|ancestor| ancestor.is::<HTMLFieldSetElement>())
        {
            el.check_ancestors_disabled_state_for_form_control();
        } else {
            el.check_disabled_attribute();
        }

        if self.input_type() == InputType::Radio {
            let root = context.parent.GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
            for r in radio_group_iter(
                self,
                self.radio_group_name().as_ref(),
                form_owner.as_deref(),
                &root,
            ) {
                r.validity_state(can_gc)
                    .perform_validation_and_update(ValidationFlags::all(), can_gc);
            }
        }

        self.validity_state(can_gc)
            .perform_validation_and_update(ValidationFlags::all(), can_gc);

        if self.input_type() == InputType::Color {
            self.owner_document()
                .embedder_controls()
                .hide_embedder_control(self.upcast());
        }
    }

    // This represents behavior for which the UIEvents spec and the
    // DOM/HTML specs are out of sync.
    // Compare:
    // https://w3c.github.io/uievents/#default-action
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#action-versus-occurance>
    fn handle_event(&self, event: &Event, can_gc: CanGc) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.handle_event(event, can_gc);
        }

        if event.type_() == atom!("mousedown") && !event.DefaultPrevented() {
            // WHATWG-specified activation behaviors are handled elsewhere;
            // this is for all the other things a UI click might do
            if self.input_type().is_textual_or_password() &&
                // Check if we display a placeholder. Layout doesn't know about this.
                !self.textinput.borrow().is_empty()
            {
                if let Some(grapheme_index) = self
                    .owner_window()
                    .text_index_query_on_node_for_event(self.upcast::<Node>(), event)
                {
                    let mut textinput = self.textinput.borrow_mut();
                    textinput.clear_selection_to_start();
                    textinput.modify_edit_point(grapheme_index as isize, RopeMovement::Grapheme);
                } else {
                    self.textinput.borrow_mut().clear_selection_to_end();
                }
                self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
            }
        } else if event.type_() == atom!("keydown") &&
            !event.DefaultPrevented() &&
            self.input_type().is_textual_or_password()
        {
            if let Some(keyevent) = event.downcast::<KeyboardEvent>() {
                // This can't be inlined, as holding on to textinput.borrow_mut()
                // during self.implicit_submission will cause a panic.
                let action = self.textinput.borrow_mut().handle_keydown(keyevent);
                self.handle_key_reaction(action, event, can_gc);
            }
        } else if event.type_() == atom!("keypress") &&
            !event.DefaultPrevented() &&
            self.input_type().is_textual_or_password()
        {
            // keypress should be deprecated and replaced by beforeinput.
            // keypress was supposed to fire "blur" and "focus" events
            // but already done in `document.rs`
        } else if (event.type_() == atom!("compositionstart") ||
            event.type_() == atom!("compositionupdate") ||
            event.type_() == atom!("compositionend")) &&
            self.input_type().is_textual_or_password()
        {
            if let Some(compositionevent) = event.downcast::<CompositionEvent>() {
                if event.type_() == atom!("compositionend") {
                    let action = self
                        .textinput
                        .borrow_mut()
                        .handle_compositionend(compositionevent);
                    self.handle_key_reaction(action, event, can_gc);
                    self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
                    self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                } else if event.type_() == atom!("compositionupdate") {
                    let action = self
                        .textinput
                        .borrow_mut()
                        .handle_compositionupdate(compositionevent);
                    self.handle_key_reaction(action, event, can_gc);
                    self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::Other);
                    self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                } else if event.type_() == atom!("compositionstart") {
                    // Update placeholder state when composition starts
                    self.update_placeholder_shown_state();
                }
                event.mark_as_handled();
            }
        } else if let Some(clipboard_event) = event.downcast::<ClipboardEvent>() {
            let reaction = self
                .textinput
                .borrow_mut()
                .handle_clipboard_event(clipboard_event);
            let flags = reaction.flags;
            if flags.contains(ClipboardEventFlags::FireClipboardChangedEvent) {
                self.owner_document().event_handler().fire_clipboard_event(
                    None,
                    ClipboardEventType::Change,
                    can_gc,
                );
            }
            if flags.contains(ClipboardEventFlags::QueueInputEvent) {
                self.textinput.borrow().queue_input_event(
                    self.upcast(),
                    reaction.text,
                    IsComposing::NotComposing,
                    reaction.input_type,
                );
            }
            if !flags.is_empty() {
                self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(NodeDamage::ContentOrHeritage);
            }
        } else if let Some(event) = event.downcast::<FocusEvent>() {
            self.handle_focus_event(event)
        }

        self.value_changed(can_gc);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element%3Aconcept-node-clone-ext>
    fn cloning_steps(
        &self,
        copy: &Node,
        maybe_doc: Option<&Document>,
        clone_children: CloneChildrenFlag,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.cloning_steps(copy, maybe_doc, clone_children, can_gc);
        }
        let elem = copy.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>().unwrap();
        elem.value_dirty.set(self.value_dirty.get());
        elem.checked_changed.set(self.checked_changed.get());
        elem.upcast::<Element>()
            .set_state(ElementState::CHECKED, self.Checked());
        elem.textinput
            .borrow_mut()
            .set_content(self.textinput.borrow().get_content());
        self.value_changed(can_gc);
    }
}

impl FormControl for HTMLInputElement {
    fn form_owner(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<HTMLFormElement>> {
        self.form_owner.get()
    }

    fn set_form_owner(&self, form: Option<&HTMLFormElement>) {
        self.form_owner.set(form);
    }

    fn to_element(&self) -> &Element {
        self.upcast::<Element>()
    }
}

impl Validatable for HTMLInputElement {
    fn as_element(&self) -> &Element {
        self.upcast()
    }

    fn validity_state(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> DomRoot<ValidityState> {
        self.validity_state
            .or_init(|| ValidityState::new(&self.owner_window(), self.upcast(), can_gc))
    }

    fn is_instance_validatable(&self) -> bool {
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#hidden-state-(type%3Dhidden)%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#button-state-(type%3Dbutton)%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#reset-button-state-(type%3Dreset)%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls%3A-the-disabled-attribute%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-readonly-attribute%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-datalist-element%3Abarred-from-constraint-validation
        match self.input_type() {
            InputType::Hidden | InputType::Button | InputType::Reset => false,
            _ => {
                !(self.upcast::<Element>().disabled_state() ||
                    self.ReadOnly() ||
                    is_barred_by_datalist_ancestor(self.upcast()))
            },
        }
    }

    fn perform_validation(
        &self,
        validate_flags: ValidationFlags,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) -> ValidationFlags {
        let mut failed_flags = ValidationFlags::empty();
        let value = self.Value();

        if validate_flags.contains(ValidationFlags::VALUE_MISSING) &&
            self.suffers_from_being_missing(&value)
        {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::VALUE_MISSING);
        }

        if validate_flags.contains(ValidationFlags::TYPE_MISMATCH) &&
            self.suffers_from_type_mismatch(&value)
        {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::TYPE_MISMATCH);
        }

        if validate_flags.contains(ValidationFlags::PATTERN_MISMATCH) &&
            self.suffers_from_pattern_mismatch(&value, can_gc)
        {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::PATTERN_MISMATCH);
        }

        if validate_flags.contains(ValidationFlags::BAD_INPUT) &&
            self.suffers_from_bad_input(&value)
        {
            failed_flags.insert(ValidationFlags::BAD_INPUT);
        }

        if validate_flags.intersects(ValidationFlags::TOO_LONG | ValidationFlags::TOO_SHORT) {
            failed_flags |= self.suffers_from_length_issues(&value);
        }

        if validate_flags.intersects(
            ValidationFlags::RANGE_UNDERFLOW |
                ValidationFlags::RANGE_OVERFLOW |
                ValidationFlags::STEP_MISMATCH,
        ) {
            failed_flags |= self.suffers_from_range_issues(&value);
        }

        failed_flags & validate_flags
    }
}

impl Activatable for HTMLInputElement {
    fn as_element(&self) -> &Element {
        self.upcast()
    }

    fn is_instance_activatable(&self) -> bool {
        match self.input_type() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#submit-button-state-(type=submit):input-activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#reset-button-state-(type=reset):input-activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#file-upload-state-(type=file):input-activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#image-button-state-(type=image):input-activation-behavior
            InputType::Submit | InputType::Reset | InputType::File | InputType::Image => {
                self.is_mutable()
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox):input-activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-state-(type=radio):input-activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#color-state-(type=color):input-activation-behavior
            InputType::Checkbox | InputType::Radio | InputType::Color => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#eventtarget-legacy-pre-activation-behavior>
    fn legacy_pre_activation_behavior(&self, can_gc: CanGc) -> Option<InputActivationState> {
        let ty = self.input_type();
        let activation_state = match ty {
            InputType::Checkbox => {
                let was_checked = self.Checked();
                let was_indeterminate = self.Indeterminate();
                self.SetIndeterminate(false);
                self.SetChecked(!was_checked, can_gc);
                Some(InputActivationState {
                    checked: was_checked,
                    indeterminate: was_indeterminate,
                    checked_radio: None,
                    old_type: InputType::Checkbox,
                })
            },
            InputType::Radio => {
                let root = self
                    .upcast::<Node>()
                    .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
                let form_owner = self.form_owner();
                let checked_member = radio_group_iter(
                    self,
                    self.radio_group_name().as_ref(),
                    form_owner.as_deref(),
                    &root,
                )
                .find(|r| r.Checked());
                let was_checked = self.Checked();
                self.SetChecked(true, can_gc);
                Some(InputActivationState {
                    checked: was_checked,
                    indeterminate: false,
                    checked_radio: checked_member.as_deref().map(DomRoot::from_ref),
                    old_type: InputType::Radio,
                })
            },
            _ => None,
        };

        if activation_state.is_some() {
            self.value_changed(can_gc);
        }

        activation_state
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#eventtarget-legacy-canceled-activation-behavior>
    fn legacy_canceled_activation_behavior(
        &self,
        cache: Option<InputActivationState>,
        can_gc: CanGc,
    ) {
        // Step 1
        let ty = self.input_type();
        let cache = match cache {
            Some(cache) => {
                if cache.old_type != ty {
                    // Type changed, abandon ship
                    // https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=27414
                    return;
                }
                cache
            },
            None => {
                return;
            },
        };

        match ty {
            // Step 2
            InputType::Checkbox => {
                self.SetIndeterminate(cache.indeterminate);
                self.SetChecked(cache.checked, can_gc);
            },
            // Step 3
            InputType::Radio => {
                if let Some(ref o) = cache.checked_radio {
                    let tree_root = self
                        .upcast::<Node>()
                        .GetRootNode(&GetRootNodeOptions::empty());
                    // Avoiding iterating through the whole tree here, instead
                    // we can check if the conditions for radio group siblings apply
                    if in_same_group(
                        o,
                        self.form_owner().as_deref(),
                        self.radio_group_name().as_ref(),
                        Some(&*tree_root),
                    ) {
                        o.SetChecked(true, can_gc);
                    } else {
                        self.SetChecked(false, can_gc);
                    }
                } else {
                    self.SetChecked(false, can_gc);
                }
            },
            _ => (),
        }

        self.value_changed(can_gc);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#input-activation-behavior>
    fn activation_behavior(&self, _event: &Event, _target: &EventTarget, can_gc: CanGc) {
        match self.input_type() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#submit-button-state-(type=submit):activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#submit-button-state-(type=image):activation-behavior
            InputType::Submit | InputType::Image => {
                // Step 1: If the element does not have a form owner, then return.
                if let Some(form_owner) = self.form_owner() {
                    // Step 2: If the element's node document is not fully active, then return.
                    let document = self.owner_document();

                    if !document.is_fully_active() {
                        return;
                    }

                    // Step 3: Submit the element's form owner from the element with userInvolvement
                    // set to event's user navigation involvement.
                    form_owner.submit(
                        SubmittedFrom::NotFromForm,
                        FormSubmitterElement::Input(self),
                        can_gc,
                    )
                }
            },
            InputType::Reset => {
                // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#reset-button-state-(type=reset):activation-behavior
                // Step 1: If the element does not have a form owner, then return.
                if let Some(form_owner) = self.form_owner() {
                    let document = self.owner_document();

                    // Step 2: If the element's node document is not fully active, then return.
                    if !document.is_fully_active() {
                        return;
                    }

                    // Step 3: Reset the form owner from the element.
                    form_owner.reset(ResetFrom::NotFromForm, can_gc);
                }
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox):activation-behavior
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#radio-button-state-(type=radio):activation-behavior
            InputType::Checkbox | InputType::Radio => {
                // Step 1: If the element is not connected, then return.
                if !self.upcast::<Node>().is_connected() {
                    return;
                }

                let target = self.upcast::<EventTarget>();

                // Step 2: Fire an event named input at the element with the bubbles and composed
                // attributes initialized to true.
                target.fire_event_with_params(
                    atom!("input"),
                    EventBubbles::Bubbles,
                    EventCancelable::NotCancelable,
                    EventComposed::Composed,
                    can_gc,
                );

                // Step 3: Fire an event named change at the element with the bubbles attribute
                // initialized to true.
                target.fire_bubbling_event(atom!("change"), can_gc);
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#file-upload-state-(type=file):input-activation-behavior
            InputType::File => {
                self.select_files(None);
            },
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#color-state-(type=color):input-activation-behavior
            InputType::Color => {
                self.show_the_picker_if_applicable();
            },
            _ => (),
        }
    }
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attr-input-accept>
fn filter_from_accept(s: &DOMString) -> Vec<FilterPattern> {
    let mut filter = vec![];
    for p in split_commas(&s.str()) {
        let p = p.trim();
        if let Some('.') = p.chars().next() {
            filter.push(FilterPattern(p[1..].to_string()));
        } else if let Some(exts) = mime_guess::get_mime_extensions_str(p) {
            for ext in exts {
                filter.push(FilterPattern(ext.to_string()));
            }
        }
    }

    filter
}

fn round_halves_positive(n: f64) -> f64 {
    // WHATWG specs about input steps say to round to the nearest step,
    // rounding halves always to positive infinity.
    // This differs from Rust's .round() in the case of -X.5.
    if n.fract() == -0.5 {
        n.ceil()
    } else {
        n.round()
    }
}

/// This is used to compile JS-compatible regex provided in pattern attribute
/// that matches only the entirety of string.
/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#compiled-pattern-regular-expression>
fn compile_pattern(
    cx: SafeJSContext,
    pattern_str: &str,
    out_regex: MutableHandleObject,
    can_gc: CanGc,
) -> bool {
    // First check if pattern compiles...
    if check_js_regex_syntax(cx, pattern_str, can_gc) {
        // ...and if it does make pattern that matches only the entirety of string
        let pattern_str = format!("^(?:{})$", pattern_str);
        let flags = RegExpFlags {
            flags_: RegExpFlag_UnicodeSets,
        };
        new_js_regex(cx, &pattern_str, flags, out_regex, can_gc)
    } else {
        false
    }
}

#[expect(unsafe_code)]
/// Check if the pattern by itself is valid first, and not that it only becomes
/// valid once we add ^(?: and )$.
fn check_js_regex_syntax(cx: SafeJSContext, pattern: &str, _can_gc: CanGc) -> bool {
    let pattern: Vec<u16> = pattern.encode_utf16().collect();
    unsafe {
        rooted!(in(*cx) let mut exception = UndefinedValue());

        let valid = CheckRegExpSyntax(
            *cx,
            pattern.as_ptr(),
            pattern.len(),
            RegExpFlags {
                flags_: RegExpFlag_UnicodeSets,
            },
            exception.handle_mut(),
        );

        if !valid {
            JS_ClearPendingException(*cx);
            return false;
        }

        // TODO(cybai): report `exception` to devtools
        // exception will be `undefined` if the regex is valid
        exception.is_undefined()
    }
}

#[expect(unsafe_code)]
pub(crate) fn new_js_regex(
    cx: SafeJSContext,
    pattern: &str,
    flags: RegExpFlags,
    mut out_regex: MutableHandleObject,
    _can_gc: CanGc,
) -> bool {
    let pattern: Vec<u16> = pattern.encode_utf16().collect();
    unsafe {
        out_regex.set(NewUCRegExpObject(
            *cx,
            pattern.as_ptr(),
            pattern.len(),
            flags,
        ));
        if out_regex.is_null() {
            JS_ClearPendingException(*cx);
            return false;
        }
    }
    true
}

#[expect(unsafe_code)]
fn matches_js_regex(
    cx: SafeJSContext,
    regex_obj: HandleObject,
    value: &str,
    _can_gc: CanGc,
) -> Result<bool, ()> {
    let mut value: Vec<u16> = value.encode_utf16().collect();

    unsafe {
        let mut is_regex = false;
        assert!(ObjectIsRegExp(*cx, regex_obj, &mut is_regex));
        assert!(is_regex);

        rooted!(in(*cx) let mut rval = UndefinedValue());
        let mut index = 0;

        let ok = ExecuteRegExpNoStatics(
            *cx,
            regex_obj,
            value.as_mut_ptr(),
            value.len(),
            &mut index,
            true,
            rval.handle_mut(),
        );

        if ok {
            Ok(!rval.is_null())
        } else {
            JS_ClearPendingException(*cx);
            Err(())
        }
    }
}

/// When WebDriver asks the [`HTMLInputElement`] to do some asynchronous actions, such
/// as selecting files, this stores the details necessary to complete the response when
/// the action is complete.
#[derive(MallocSizeOf)]
struct PendingWebDriverResponse {
    /// An [`IpcSender`] to use to send the reply when the response is ready.
    response_sender: GenericSender<Result<bool, ErrorStatus>>,
    /// The number of files expected to be selected when the selection process is done.
    expected_file_count: usize,
}

impl PendingWebDriverResponse {
    fn finish(self, number_files_selected: usize) {
        if number_files_selected == self.expected_file_count {
            let _ = self.response_sender.send(Ok(false));
        } else {
            // If not all files are found the WebDriver specification says to return
            // the InvalidArgument error.
            let _ = self.response_sender.send(Err(ErrorStatus::InvalidArgument));
        }
    }
}