script/dom/element/

element.rs

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

//! Element nodes.

#![cfg_attr(crown, allow(crown::jscontext_first_arg))]

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::cell::{Cell, LazyCell, RefCell};
use std::default::Default;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::{fmt, mem};

use app_units::Au;
use atomic_refcell::{AtomicRef, AtomicRefCell};
use cssparser::match_ignore_ascii_case;
use dom_struct::dom_struct;
use euclid::Rect;
use hashlink::LruCache;
use html5ever::serialize::TraversalScope;
use html5ever::serialize::TraversalScope::{ChildrenOnly, IncludeNode};
use html5ever::{LocalName, Namespace, Prefix, QualName, local_name, namespace_prefix, ns};
use js::context::{JSContext, NoGC};
use js::jsapi::{Heap, JSObject};
use js::jsval::JSVal;
use js::realm::CurrentRealm;
use js::rust::HandleObject;
use layout_api::{
    ACCESSKIT_ROLE_TO_ARIA_ROLE, AccessibilityDamage, LayoutDamage, QueryMsg,
    ScrollContainerQueryFlags, StyleData, with_layout_state,
};
use net_traits::ReferrerPolicy;
use net_traits::request::{CorsSettings, CredentialsMode};
use rustc_hash::FxBuildHasher;
use script_bindings::callback::RootedCallback;
use script_bindings::cell::{DomRefCell, Ref, RefMut};
use script_bindings::codegen::GenericBindings::AnimationBinding::AnimationMethods;
use script_bindings::codegen::GenericBindings::KeyframeEffectBinding::KeyframeEffectMethods;
use script_bindings::dom::UnrootedDom;
use script_bindings::domstring::TracedDOMString;
use script_bindings::reflector::DomObject;
use selectors::attr::CaseSensitivity;
use selectors::matching::ElementSelectorFlags;
use selectors::sink::Push;
use servo_arc::Arc as ServoArc;
use style::applicable_declarations::ApplicableDeclarationBlock;
use style::attr::{AttrValue, LengthOrPercentageOrAuto};
use style::context::QuirksMode;
use style::invalidation::element::restyle_hints::RestyleHint;
use style::properties::longhands::{
    self, background_image, border_spacing, color, font_family, font_size,
};
use style::properties::{
    ComputedValues, Importance, PropertyDeclaration, PropertyDeclarationBlock,
    parse_style_attribute,
};
use style::rule_tree::{CascadeLevel, CascadeOrigin};
use style::selector_parser::{RestyleDamage, SelectorParser, Snapshot};
use style::shared_lock::Locked;
use style::str::string_as_ascii_lowercase;
use style::stylesheets::layer_rule::LayerOrder;
use style::stylesheets::{CssRuleType, UrlExtraData};
use style::values::computed::{Overflow, UserSelect};
use style::values::generics::NonNegative;
use style::values::generics::position::PreferredRatio;
use style::values::generics::ratio::Ratio;
use style::values::{AtomIdent, AtomString, CSSFloat, computed, specified};
use style::{ArcSlice, CaseSensitivityExt, dom_apis, thread_state};
use style_traits::CSSPixel;
use stylo_atoms::Atom;
use stylo_dom::ElementState;
use xml5ever::serialize::TraversalScope::{
    ChildrenOnly as XmlChildrenOnly, IncludeNode as XmlIncludeNode,
};

use crate::conversions::Convert;
use crate::css::stylesheet_loader::StylesheetOwner;
use crate::dom::RootedPromise;
use crate::dom::accessors::AttrStrRef;
use crate::dom::activation::Activatable;
use crate::dom::animation::Animation;
use crate::dom::animations::keyframeeffect::KeyframeEffect;
use crate::dom::attr::{Attr, is_relevant_attribute};
use crate::dom::bindings::cell::AtomicSafeBorrowMut;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::AttrBinding::AttrMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::DocumentBinding::DocumentMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::ElementBinding::{
    ElementMethods, GetHTMLOptions, ScrollIntoViewContainer, ScrollLogicalPosition, ShadowRootInit,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::EventHandlerBinding::EventHandlerNonNull;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::FunctionBinding::Function;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::HTMLTemplateElementBinding::HTMLTemplateElementMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::NodeBinding::NodeMethods;
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::SanitizerBinding::{
    SetHTMLOptions, SetHTMLUnsafeOptions,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::ShadowRootBinding::{
    ShadowRootMethods, ShadowRootMode, SlotAssignmentMode,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::Bindings::WindowBinding::{
    ScrollBehavior, ScrollToOptions, WindowMethods,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::codegen::UnionTypes::{
    BooleanOrScrollIntoViewOptions, NodeOrString, TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString,
    TrustedHTMLOrString,
    TrustedHTMLOrTrustedScriptOrTrustedScriptURLOrString as TrustedTypeOrString,
    UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeAnimationOptions, UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeEffectOptions,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::conversions::DerivedFrom;
use crate::dom::bindings::domname::{
    self, is_valid_attribute_local_name, namespace_from_domstring,
};
use crate::dom::bindings::error::{Error, ErrorResult, Fallible};
use crate::dom::bindings::inheritance::{Castable, ElementTypeId, HTMLElementTypeId, NodeTypeId};
use crate::dom::bindings::num::Finite;
use crate::dom::bindings::root::{Dom, DomRoot, LayoutDom, MutNullableDom, ToLayout};
use crate::dom::bindings::str::DOMString;
use crate::dom::csp::{CspReporting, InlineCheckType, SourcePosition};
use crate::dom::customelementregistry::{
    CallbackReaction, CustomElementDefinition, CustomElementReaction, CustomElementRegistry,
    CustomElementState, is_valid_custom_element_name,
};
use crate::dom::document::Document;
use crate::dom::documentfragment::DocumentFragment;
use crate::dom::domrect::DOMRect;
use crate::dom::domrectlist::DOMRectList;
use crate::dom::domtokenlist::DOMTokenList;
use crate::dom::element::attributes::storage::{
    AttrName, AttrRef, AttrValueRef, AttributeEntry, AttributeStorage, ContentAttributeData,
};
use crate::dom::element::create::create_element;
use crate::dom::eventtarget::EventTarget;
use crate::dom::globalscope::GlobalScope;
use crate::dom::html::form_controls::htmlinputelement::HTMLInputElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlanchorelement::HTMLAnchorElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlareaelement::HTMLAreaElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlbodyelement::HTMLBodyElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlbuttonelement::HTMLButtonElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlcollection::HTMLCollection;
use crate::dom::html::htmlelement::HTMLElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlembedelement::HTMLEmbedElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlfieldsetelement::HTMLFieldSetElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlfontelement::HTMLFontElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlformelement::FormControlElementHelpers;
use crate::dom::html::htmlhrelement::{HTMLHRElement, SizePresentationalHint};
use crate::dom::html::htmliframeelement::HTMLIFrameElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlimageelement::HTMLImageElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmllabelelement::HTMLLabelElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmllegendelement::HTMLLegendElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmllinkelement::HTMLLinkElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlmarqueeelement::HTMLMarqueeElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlobjectelement::HTMLObjectElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmloutputelement::HTMLOutputElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlscriptelement::HTMLScriptElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlselectelement::HTMLSelectElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlslotelement::{HTMLSlotElement, Slottable};
use crate::dom::html::htmlstyleelement::HTMLStyleElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltablecellelement::HTMLTableCellElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltablecolelement::HTMLTableColElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltableelement::HTMLTableElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltablerowelement::HTMLTableRowElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltablesectionelement::HTMLTableSectionElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltemplateelement::HTMLTemplateElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmltextareaelement::HTMLTextAreaElement;
use crate::dom::html::htmlvideoelement::HTMLVideoElement;
use crate::dom::html::internals::elementinternals::ElementInternals;
use crate::dom::intersectionobserver::{IntersectionObserver, IntersectionObserverRegistration};
use crate::dom::iterators::ShadowIncluding;
use crate::dom::mathmlelement::MathMLElement;
use crate::dom::mutationobserver::{Mutation, MutationObserver};
use crate::dom::namednodemap::NamedNodeMap;
use crate::dom::node::virtualmethods::{VirtualMethods, vtable_for};
use crate::dom::node::{
    BindContext, ChildrenMutation, CloneChildrenFlag, IsShadowTree, Node, NodeDamage, NodeFlags,
    NodeTraits, UnbindContext,
};
use crate::dom::nodelist::NodeList;
use crate::dom::range::Range;
use crate::dom::raredata::ElementRareData;
use crate::dom::sanitizer::Sanitizer;
use crate::dom::servoparser::ServoParser;
use crate::dom::shadowroot::shadowroot::{IsUserAgentWidget, ShadowRoot};
use crate::dom::svg::svgelement::SVGElement;
use crate::dom::text::Text;
use crate::dom::trustedtypes::trustedhtml::TrustedHTML;
use crate::dom::trustedtypes::trustedtypepolicyfactory::TrustedTypePolicyFactory;
use crate::dom::validation::Validatable;
use crate::dom::validitystate::ValidationFlags;
use crate::dom::window::Window;
use crate::dom::window::scrolling_box::{ScrollAxisState, ScrollingBox};
use crate::event_loop::script_thread::ScriptThread;
use crate::layout_dom::ServoDangerousStyleElement;
use crate::realms::enter_auto_realm;

// TODO: Update focus state when the top-level browsing context gains or loses system focus,
// and when the element enters or leaves a browsing context container.
// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#selector-focus

/// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#element>
#[dom_struct]
pub struct Element {
    node: Node,
    #[no_trace]
    local_name: LocalName,
    #[no_trace]
    namespace: Namespace,
    #[no_trace]
    prefix: DomRefCell<Option<Prefix>>,
    attrs: AttributeStorage,
    #[no_trace]
    id_attribute: AtomicRefCell<Option<Atom>>,
    #[conditional_malloc_size_of]
    #[no_trace]
    style_attribute: DomRefCell<Option<ServoArc<Locked<PropertyDeclarationBlock>>>>,
    attr_list: MutNullableDom<NamedNodeMap>,
    class_list: MutNullableDom<DOMTokenList>,
    #[no_trace]
    state: Cell<ElementState>,
    /// These flags are set by the style system to indicate the that certain
    /// operations may require restyling this element or its descendants.
    selector_flags: AtomicUsize,
    rare_data: DomRefCell<Option<Box<ElementRareData>>>,

    /// Style data for this node. This is accessed and mutated by style
    /// passes and is used to lay out this node and populate layout data.
    #[no_trace]
    style_data: DomRefCell<Option<Box<StyleData>>>,
}

impl fmt::Debug for Element {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "<{}", self.local_name)?;
        if let Some(ref id) = *self.id_attribute.borrow() {
            write!(f, " id={}", id)?;
        }
        write!(f, ">")
    }
}

#[derive(MallocSizeOf, PartialEq)]
pub(crate) enum ElementCreator {
    ParserCreated(u64),
    ScriptCreated,
}

pub(crate) enum CustomElementCreationMode {
    Synchronous,
    Asynchronous,
}

impl ElementCreator {
    pub(crate) fn is_parser_created(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            ElementCreator::ParserCreated(_) => true,
            ElementCreator::ScriptCreated => false,
        }
    }
    pub(crate) fn return_line_number(&self) -> u64 {
        match *self {
            ElementCreator::ParserCreated(l) => l,
            ElementCreator::ScriptCreated => 1,
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) enum AdjacentPosition {
    BeforeBegin,
    AfterEnd,
    AfterBegin,
    BeforeEnd,
}

impl FromStr for AdjacentPosition {
    type Err = Error;

    fn from_str(position: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        match_ignore_ascii_case! { position,
            "beforebegin" => Ok(AdjacentPosition::BeforeBegin),
            "afterbegin"  => Ok(AdjacentPosition::AfterBegin),
            "beforeend"   => Ok(AdjacentPosition::BeforeEnd),
            "afterend"    => Ok(AdjacentPosition::AfterEnd),
            _             => Err(Error::Syntax(Some("Invalid position".into())))
        }
    }
}

//
// Element methods
//
impl Element {
    pub(crate) fn create(
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        name: QualName,
        is: Option<LocalName>,
        document: &Document,
        creator: ElementCreator,
        mode: CustomElementCreationMode,
        proto: Option<HandleObject>,
    ) -> DomRoot<Element> {
        create_element(cx, name, is, document, creator, mode, proto)
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_inherited(
        local_name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        document: &Document,
    ) -> Element {
        Element::new_inherited_with_state(
            ElementState::empty(),
            local_name,
            namespace,
            prefix,
            document,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_inherited_with_state(
        state: ElementState,
        local_name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        document: &Document,
    ) -> Element {
        Element {
            node: Node::new_inherited(document),
            local_name,
            namespace,
            prefix: DomRefCell::new(prefix),
            attrs: Default::default(),
            id_attribute: Default::default(),
            style_attribute: DomRefCell::new(None),
            attr_list: Default::default(),
            class_list: Default::default(),
            state: Cell::new(state),
            selector_flags: Default::default(),
            rare_data: Default::default(),
            style_data: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_had_duplicate_attributes(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).had_duplicate_attributes = true;
    }

    pub(crate) fn new(
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        local_name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        document: &Document,
        proto: Option<HandleObject>,
    ) -> DomRoot<Element> {
        Node::reflect_node_with_proto(
            cx,
            Box::new(Element::new_inherited(
                local_name, namespace, prefix, document,
            )),
            document,
            proto,
        )
    }

    fn rare_data(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<Box<ElementRareData>>> {
        self.rare_data.borrow()
    }

    fn rare_data_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, Option<Box<ElementRareData>>> {
        self.rare_data.borrow_mut()
    }

    pub(crate) fn ensure_rare_data<'a: 'b, 'b>(
        &'a self,
        no_gc: &'b NoGC,
    ) -> RefMut<'b, Box<ElementRareData>> {
        let mut rare_data = self.rare_data.safe_borrow_mut(no_gc);
        if rare_data.is_none() {
            *rare_data = Some(Default::default());
        }
        RefMut::map(rare_data, |rare_data| rare_data.as_mut().unwrap())
    }

    pub(crate) fn clean_up_style_data(&self) {
        self.style_data.borrow_mut().take();
    }

    pub(crate) fn restyle(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, damage: NodeDamage) {
        let doc = self.node.owner_document_unrooted(no_gc);
        let mut restyle = doc.ensure_pending_restyle(self);

        // FIXME(bholley): I think we should probably only do this for
        // NodeStyleDamaged, but I'm preserving existing behavior.
        restyle.hint.insert(RestyleHint::RESTYLE_SELF);

        match damage {
            NodeDamage::Style => {},
            NodeDamage::ContentOrHeritage => {
                doc.note_dirty_element(no_gc, self);
                restyle
                    .damage
                    .insert(RestyleDamage::from(LayoutDamage::DescendantHasBoxDamage));
            },
            NodeDamage::Other => {
                doc.note_dirty_element(no_gc, self);
                restyle.damage.insert(RestyleDamage::reconstruct());
            },
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn has_dirty_descendants(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .get_flag(NodeFlags::HAS_DIRTY_DESCENDANTS)
    }

    pub(crate) fn note_dirty_descendants(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .owner_doc_unrooted(no_gc)
            .note_dirty_element(no_gc, self);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_is(&self, is: LocalName, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).is_value = Some(is);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-is-value>
    pub(crate) fn get_is(&self) -> Option<LocalName> {
        self.rare_data().as_ref()?.is_value.clone()
    }

    /// This is a performance optimization. `Element::create` can simply call
    /// `element.set_custom_element_state(CustomElementState::Uncustomized)` to initialize
    /// uncustomized, built-in elements with the right state, which currently just means that the
    /// `DEFINED` state should be `true` for styling. However `set_custom_element_state` has a high
    /// performance cost and it is unnecessary if the element is being created as an uncustomized
    /// built-in element.
    ///
    /// See <https://github.com/servo/servo/issues/37745> for more details.
    pub(crate) fn set_initial_custom_element_state_to_uncustomized(&self) {
        let mut state = self.state.get();
        state.insert(ElementState::DEFINED);
        self.state.set(state);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-custom-element-state>
    pub(crate) fn set_custom_element_state(&self, state: CustomElementState, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        // no need to inflate rare data for uncustomized
        if state != CustomElementState::Uncustomized {
            self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).custom_element_state = state;
        }

        let in_defined_state = matches!(
            state,
            CustomElementState::Uncustomized | CustomElementState::Custom
        );
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::DEFINED, in_defined_state)
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_custom_element_state(&self) -> CustomElementState {
        if let Some(rare_data) = self.rare_data().as_ref() {
            return rare_data.custom_element_state;
        }
        CustomElementState::Uncustomized
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-custom>
    pub(crate) fn is_custom(&self) -> bool {
        self.get_custom_element_state() == CustomElementState::Custom
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_custom_element_definition(
        &self,
        definition: Rc<CustomElementDefinition>,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).custom_element_definition = Some(definition);
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_custom_element_definition(&self) -> Option<Rc<CustomElementDefinition>> {
        self.rare_data().as_ref()?.custom_element_definition.clone()
    }

    pub(crate) fn clear_custom_element_definition(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).custom_element_definition = None;
    }

    #[cfg_attr(crown, expect(crown::unrooted_must_root))]
    pub(crate) fn push_callback_reaction(
        &self,
        function: RootedCallback<Function>,
        args: Box<[Heap<JSVal>]>,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc)
            .custom_element_reaction_queue
            .push(CustomElementReaction::Callback(function.to_traced(), args));
    }

    pub(crate) fn push_upgrade_reaction(
        &self,
        definition: Rc<CustomElementDefinition>,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc)
            .custom_element_reaction_queue
            .push(CustomElementReaction::Upgrade(definition));
    }

    pub(crate) fn clear_reaction_queue(&self) {
        if let Some(ref mut rare_data) = *self.rare_data_mut() {
            rare_data.custom_element_reaction_queue.clear();
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn invoke_reactions(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        loop {
            rooted_vec!(let mut reactions);
            match *self.rare_data_mut() {
                Some(ref mut data) => {
                    mem::swap(&mut *reactions, &mut data.custom_element_reaction_queue)
                },
                None => break,
            };

            if reactions.is_empty() {
                break;
            }

            for reaction in reactions.iter() {
                reaction.invoke(cx, self);
            }

            reactions.clear();
        }
    }

    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#css-layout-box
    pub(crate) fn has_css_layout_box(&self) -> bool {
        self.style().is_some_and(|s| !s.get_display().is_none())
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#potentially-scrollable>
    pub(crate) fn is_potentially_scrollable_body(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_potentially_scrollable_body_shared_logic(false)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#potentially-scrollable>
    pub(crate) fn is_potentially_scrollable_body_for_scrolling_element(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_potentially_scrollable_body_shared_logic(true)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#potentially-scrollable>
    fn is_potentially_scrollable_body_shared_logic(
        &self,
        treat_overflow_clip_on_parent_as_hidden: bool,
    ) -> bool {
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        debug_assert!(
            node.owner_doc().GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>(),
            "Called is_potentially_scrollable_body on element that is not the <body>"
        );

        // "An element body (which will be the body element) is potentially
        // scrollable if all of the following conditions are true:
        //  - body has an associated box."
        if !self.has_css_layout_box() {
            return false;
        }

        // " - body’s parent element’s computed value of the overflow-x or
        //     overflow-y properties is neither visible nor clip."
        if let Some(parent) = node.GetParentElement() &&
            let Some(style) = parent.style()
        {
            let mut overflow_x = style.get_box().get_overflow_x();
            let mut overflow_y = style.get_box().get_overflow_y();

            // This fulfills the 'treat parent element overflow:clip as overflow:hidden' stipulation
            // from the document.scrollingElement specification.
            if treat_overflow_clip_on_parent_as_hidden {
                if overflow_x == &Overflow::Clip {
                    overflow_x = &Overflow::Hidden;
                }
                if overflow_y == &Overflow::Clip {
                    overflow_y = &Overflow::Hidden;
                }
            }

            if !overflow_x.is_scrollable() && !overflow_y.is_scrollable() {
                return false;
            }
        };

        // " - body’s computed value of the overflow-x or overflow-y properties
        //     is neither visible nor clip."
        if let Some(style) = self.style() &&
            !style.get_box().get_overflow_x().is_scrollable() &&
            !style.get_box().get_overflow_y().is_scrollable()
        {
            return false;
        };

        true
    }

    /// Whether this element is styled such that it establishes a scroll container.
    /// <https://www.w3.org/TR/css-overflow-3/#scroll-container>
    pub(crate) fn establishes_scroll_container(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> bool {
        // The CSS computed value has made sure that either both axes are scrollable or none are scrollable.
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .effective_overflow(cx)
            .is_some_and(|overflow| overflow.establishes_scroll_container())
    }

    /// Like [`Self::establishes_scroll_container`], but without forcing a reflow.
    pub(crate) fn establishes_scroll_container_without_reflow(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .effective_overflow_without_reflow()
            .is_some_and(|overflow| overflow.establishes_scroll_container())
    }

    pub(crate) fn has_overflow(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> bool {
        self.ScrollHeight(cx) > self.ClientHeight(cx) || self.ScrollWidth(cx) > self.ClientWidth(cx)
    }

    /// Whether or not this element has a scrolling box according to
    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#scrolling-box>.
    ///
    /// This is true if:
    ///  1. The element has a layout box.
    ///  2. The style specifies that overflow should be scrollable (`auto`, `hidden` or `scroll`).
    ///  3. The fragment actually has content that overflows the box.
    fn has_scrolling_box(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> bool {
        self.has_css_layout_box() && self.establishes_scroll_container(cx) && self.has_overflow(cx)
    }

    pub(crate) fn shadow_root(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<ShadowRoot>> {
        self.rare_data()
            .as_ref()?
            .shadow_root
            .as_ref()
            .map(|sr| DomRoot::from_ref(&**sr))
    }

    pub(crate) fn shadow_root_unrooted<'a>(
        &self,
        no_gc: &'a NoGC,
    ) -> Option<UnrootedDom<'a, ShadowRoot>> {
        self.rare_data()
            .as_ref()?
            .shadow_root
            .as_ref()
            .map(|shadow_root| shadow_root.as_unrooted(no_gc))
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_shadow_host(&self) -> bool {
        self.shadow_root().is_some()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-attachshadow>
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub(crate) fn attach_shadow(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        is_ua_widget: IsUserAgentWidget,
        mode: ShadowRootMode,
        clonable: bool,
        serializable: bool,
        delegates_focus: bool,
        slot_assignment_mode: SlotAssignmentMode,
    ) -> Fallible<DomRoot<ShadowRoot>> {
        // Step 1. If element’s namespace is not the HTML namespace,
        // then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.
        if self.namespace != ns!(html) {
            return Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(
                "Cannot attach shadow roots to elements with non-HTML namespaces".to_owned(),
            )));
        }

        // Step 2. If element’s local name is not a valid shadow host name,
        // then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.
        if !is_valid_shadow_host_name(self.local_name()) {
            // UA shadow roots may be attached to anything
            if is_ua_widget != IsUserAgentWidget::Yes {
                let error_message = format!(
                    "Cannot attach shadow roots to <{}> elements",
                    *self.local_name()
                );
                return Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(error_message)));
            }
        }

        // Step 3. If element’s local name is a valid custom element name,
        // or element’s is value is non-null
        if is_valid_custom_element_name(self.local_name()) || self.get_is().is_some() {
            // Step 3.1. Let definition be the result of looking up a custom element definition
            // given element’s node document, its namespace, its local name, and its is value.

            let definition = self.get_custom_element_definition();
            // Step 3.2. If definition is not null and definition’s disable shadow
            //  is true, then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.
            if definition.is_some_and(|definition| definition.disable_shadow) {
                let error_message = format!(
                    "The custom element constructor of <{}> disabled attachment of shadow roots",
                    self.local_name()
                );
                return Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(error_message)));
            }
        }

        // Step 4. If element is a shadow host:
        // Step 4.1. Let currentShadowRoot be element’s shadow root.
        if let Some(current_shadow_root) = self.shadow_root() {
            // Step 4.2. If currentShadowRoot’s declarative is false
            // or currentShadowRoot’s mode is not mode
            // then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.
            if !current_shadow_root.is_declarative() ||
                current_shadow_root.shadow_root_mode() != mode
            {
                return Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(
                    "Cannot attach a second shadow root to the same element".into(),
                )));
            }

            // Step 4.3.1. Remove all of currentShadowRoot’s children, in tree order.
            for child in current_shadow_root.upcast::<Node>().children() {
                child.remove_self(cx);
            }

            // Step 4.3.2. Set currentShadowRoot’s declarative to false.
            current_shadow_root.set_declarative(false);

            // Step 4.3.3. Return
            return Ok(current_shadow_root);
        }

        // Step 5. Let shadow be a new shadow root whose node document
        // is element’s node document, host is element, and mode is mode
        //
        // Step 8. Set shadow’s slot assignment to slotAssignment
        //
        // Step 10. Set shadow’s clonable to clonable
        let document = self.node.owner_doc();
        let shadow_root = ShadowRoot::new(
            cx,
            self,
            &document,
            mode,
            slot_assignment_mode,
            clonable,
            is_ua_widget,
        );

        // This is not in the specification, but this is where we ensure that the
        // non-shadow-tree children of `self` no longer have layout boxes as they are no
        // longer in the flat tree.
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        if node.is_connected() {
            document.remove_style_and_layout_data_from_subtree(cx.no_gc(), node);
        }
        if let Some(selection) = self.owner_document().selection() &&
            node.get_flag(NodeFlags::OVERLAPS_DOCUMENT_SELECTION)
        {
            selection.set_visible_selection_dirty();
        }

        // Step 6. Set shadow's delegates focus to delegatesFocus
        shadow_root.set_delegates_focus(delegates_focus);

        // Step 7. If element’s custom element state is "precustomized" or "custom",
        // then set shadow’s available to element internals to true.
        if matches!(
            self.get_custom_element_state(),
            CustomElementState::Precustomized | CustomElementState::Custom
        ) {
            shadow_root.set_available_to_element_internals(true);
        }

        // Step 9. Set shadow's declarative to false
        shadow_root.set_declarative(false);

        // Step 11. Set shadow's serializable to serializable
        shadow_root.set_serializable(serializable);

        // Step 12. Set element’s shadow root to shadow
        self.ensure_rare_data(cx.no_gc()).shadow_root = Some(Dom::from_ref(&*shadow_root));
        shadow_root
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .set_containing_shadow_root(Some(&shadow_root));

        let bind_context = BindContext::new(self.upcast(), IsShadowTree::Yes);
        shadow_root.bind_to_tree(cx, &bind_context);

        node.dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::Other);

        Ok(shadow_root)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#translation-mode>
    pub(crate) fn is_translate_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        let name = &local_name!("translate");
        if self.has_attribute(name) {
            let attribute = self.get_string_attribute(name);
            match_ignore_ascii_case! { &*attribute.str(),
                "yes" | "" => return true,
                "no" => return false,
                _ => {},
            }
        }
        if let Some(parent) = self.upcast::<Node>().GetParentNode() &&
            let Some(elem) = parent.downcast::<Element>()
        {
            return elem.is_translate_enabled();
        }
        true
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-directionality>
    pub(crate) fn directionality(&self) -> String {
        self.downcast::<HTMLElement>()
            .and_then(|html_element| html_element.directionality())
            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
                node.parent_directionality()
            })
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
        match self.node.GetParentNode() {
            None => false,
            Some(node) => node.is::<Document>(),
        }
    }

    /// Return all IntersectionObserverRegistration for this element.
    /// Lazily initialize the raredata if it does not exist.
    pub(crate) fn registered_intersection_observers_mut<'a: 'b, 'b>(
        &'a self,
        no_gc: &'b NoGC,
    ) -> RefMut<'b, Vec<IntersectionObserverRegistration>> {
        RefMut::map(self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc), |rare_data| {
            &mut rare_data.registered_intersection_observers
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn registered_intersection_observers(
        &self,
    ) -> Option<Ref<'_, Vec<IntersectionObserverRegistration>>> {
        let rare_data: Ref<'_, _> = self.rare_data.borrow();

        if rare_data.is_none() {
            return None;
        }
        Some(Ref::map(rare_data, |rare_data| {
            &rare_data
                .as_ref()
                .unwrap()
                .registered_intersection_observers
        }))
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_intersection_observer_registration(
        &self,
        observer: &IntersectionObserver,
    ) -> Option<Ref<'_, IntersectionObserverRegistration>> {
        if let Some(registrations) = self.registered_intersection_observers() {
            registrations
                .iter()
                .position(|reg_obs| reg_obs.observer == observer)
                .map(|index| Ref::map(registrations, |registrations| &registrations[index]))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Add a new IntersectionObserverRegistration with initial value to the element.
    pub(crate) fn add_initial_intersection_observer_registration(
        &self,
        observer: &IntersectionObserver,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc)
            .registered_intersection_observers
            .push(IntersectionObserverRegistration::new_initial(observer));
    }

    /// Removes a certain IntersectionObserver.
    pub(crate) fn remove_intersection_observer(
        &self,
        observer: &IntersectionObserver,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc)
            .registered_intersection_observers
            .retain(|reg_obs| *reg_obs.observer != *observer)
    }

    /// Get the [`ScrollingBox`] that contains this element, if one does. `position:
    /// fixed` elements do not have a containing [`ScrollingBox`].
    pub(crate) fn scrolling_box(&self, flags: ScrollContainerQueryFlags) -> Option<ScrollingBox> {
        self.owner_window()
            .scrolling_box_query(Some(self.upcast()), flags)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#scroll-a-target-into-view>
    pub(crate) fn scroll_into_view_with_options(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        behavior: ScrollBehavior,
        block: ScrollAxisState,
        inline: ScrollAxisState,
        container: Option<&Element>,
        inner_target_rect: Option<Rect<Au, CSSPixel>>,
    ) {
        let get_target_rect = |cx: &mut JSContext| match inner_target_rect {
            None => self.upcast::<Node>().border_box(cx).unwrap_or_default(),
            Some(inner_target_rect) => inner_target_rect.translate(
                self.upcast::<Node>()
                    .content_box(cx)
                    .unwrap_or_default()
                    .origin
                    .to_vector(),
            ),
        };

        // Step 1: For each ancestor element or viewport that establishes a scrolling box `scrolling
        // box`, in order of innermost to outermost scrolling box, run these substeps:
        let mut parent_scrolling_box = self.scrolling_box(ScrollContainerQueryFlags::empty());
        while let Some(scrolling_box) = parent_scrolling_box {
            parent_scrolling_box = scrolling_box.parent();

            // Step 1.1: If the Document associated with `target` is not same origin with the
            // Document associated with the element or viewport associated with `scrolling box`,
            // terminate these steps.
            //
            // TODO: Handle this. We currently do not chain up to parent Documents.

            // Step 1.2 Let `position` be the scroll position resulting from running the steps to
            // determine the scroll-into-view position of `target` with `behavior` as the scroll
            // behavior, `block` as the block flow position, `inline` as the inline base direction
            // position and `scrolling box` as the scrolling box.
            let target_rect = get_target_rect(cx);
            let position =
                scrolling_box.determine_scroll_into_view_position(cx, block, inline, target_rect);

            // Step 1.3: If `position` is not the same as `scrolling box`’s current scroll position, or
            // `scrolling box` has an ongoing smooth scroll,
            //
            // TODO: Handle smooth scrolling.
            if position != scrolling_box.scroll_position(cx) {
                //  ↪ If `scrolling box` is associated with an element
                //    Perform a scroll of the element’s scrolling box to `position`,
                //    with the `element` as the associated element and `behavior` as the
                //    scroll behavior.
                //  ↪ If `scrolling box` is associated with a viewport
                //    Step 1: Let `document` be the viewport’s associated Document.
                //    Step 2: Let `root element` be document’s root element, if there is one, or
                //    null otherwise.
                //    Step 3: Perform a scroll of the viewport to `position`, with `root element`
                //    as the associated element and `behavior` as the scroll behavior.
                scrolling_box.scroll_to(cx, position, behavior);
            }

            // Step 1.4: If `container` is not null and either `scrolling box` is a shadow-including
            // inclusive ancestor of `container` or is a viewport whose document is a shadow-including
            // inclusive ancestor of `container`, abort the rest of these steps.
            if container.is_some_and(|container| {
                let container_node = container.upcast::<Node>();
                scrolling_box
                    .node()
                    .is_shadow_including_inclusive_ancestor_of(container_node)
            }) {
                return;
            }
        }

        let window_proxy = self.owner_window_unrooted(cx.no_gc()).window_proxy();
        let Some(frame_element) = window_proxy.frame_element() else {
            return;
        };

        let inner_target_rect = Some(get_target_rect(cx));
        let mut realm = enter_auto_realm(cx, frame_element);
        let cx = &mut realm;
        frame_element.scroll_into_view_with_options(
            cx,
            behavior,
            block,
            inline,
            None,
            inner_target_rect,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn ensure_contenteditable_selection_range(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        document: &Document,
    ) -> DomRoot<Range> {
        let Some(selection_range) = self
            .rare_data()
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|data| data.contenteditable_selection_range.get())
        else {
            let range = Range::new_with_doc(cx, document, None);
            self.ensure_rare_data(cx.no_gc())
                .contenteditable_selection_range
                .set(Some(&*range));
            return range;
        };
        selection_range
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#scrolling-events>
    ///
    /// > Whenever an element gets scrolled (whether in response to user interaction or
    /// > by an API), the user agent must run these steps:
    pub(crate) fn handle_scroll_event(&self) {
        // Step 1: Let doc be the element’s node document.
        let document = self.owner_document();

        // Step 2: If the element is a snap container, run the steps to update
        // scrollsnapchanging targets for the element with the element’s eventual
        // snap target in the block axis as newBlockTarget and the element’s eventual
        // snap target in the inline axis as newInlineTarget.
        //
        // TODO(#7673): Implement scroll snapping

        // Steps 3 and 4 are shared with other scroll targets.
        document.finish_handle_scroll_event(self.upcast());
    }

    pub(crate) fn style(&self) -> Option<ServoArc<ComputedValues>> {
        self.owner_window()
            .layout_reflow_deprecated(QueryMsg::StyleQuery);
        self.style_without_reflow()
    }

    /// Do the same kind of query as [`Self::style`], but do not force a reflow. This is for
    /// callers that have just run another query and know the style data is already current.
    pub(crate) fn style_without_reflow(&self) -> Option<ServoArc<ComputedValues>> {
        self.style_data
            .borrow()
            .as_ref()
            .map(|data| data.element_data.borrow().styles.primary().clone())
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_styled(&self) -> bool {
        self.style_data.borrow().is_some()
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_display_none(&self) -> bool {
        self.style_data.borrow().as_ref().is_none_or(|data| {
            data.element_data
                .borrow()
                .styles
                .primary()
                .get_box()
                .display
                .is_none()
        })
    }

    /// Returns the computed value of the [`user-select`] property. Returns `None` if the
    /// element is unstyled.
    ///
    /// [`user-select`]: <https://drafts.csswg.org/css-ui-4/#propdef-user-select>
    pub(crate) fn computed_user_select(&self) -> Option<UserSelect> {
        Some(
            self.style_data
                .borrow()
                .as_ref()?
                .element_data
                .borrow()
                .styles
                .primary()
                .get_ui()
                .user_select,
        )
    }

    pub(crate) fn check_style_on_self_or_eager_pseudos(
        &self,
        check_styles_fn: impl Fn(&ComputedValues) -> bool,
    ) -> bool {
        let style_data = self.style_data.borrow();
        let Some(data) = style_data.as_ref().map(|data| data.element_data.borrow()) else {
            return false;
        };

        if check_styles_fn(data.styles.primary()) {
            return true;
        }

        let mut pseudo_styles = data.styles.pseudos.as_array().iter();
        pseudo_styles.any(|style| style.as_deref().is_some_and(&check_styles_fn))
    }
}

/// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#valid-shadow-host-name>
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn is_valid_shadow_host_name(name: &LocalName) -> bool {
    // > A valid shadow host name is:
    // > - a valid custom element name
    if is_valid_custom_element_name(name) {
        return true;
    }

    // > - "article", "aside", "blockquote", "body", "div", "footer", "h1", "h2", "h3",
    // >   "h4", "h5", "h6", "header", "main", "nav", "p", "section", or "span"
    matches!(
        name,
        &local_name!("article") |
            &local_name!("aside") |
            &local_name!("blockquote") |
            &local_name!("body") |
            &local_name!("div") |
            &local_name!("footer") |
            &local_name!("h1") |
            &local_name!("h2") |
            &local_name!("h3") |
            &local_name!("h4") |
            &local_name!("h5") |
            &local_name!("h6") |
            &local_name!("header") |
            &local_name!("main") |
            &local_name!("nav") |
            &local_name!("p") |
            &local_name!("section") |
            &local_name!("span")
    )
}

#[inline]
#[expect(unsafe_code)]
pub(crate) fn get_attr_for_layout<'dom>(
    elem: LayoutDom<'dom, Element>,
    namespace: &Namespace,
    name: &LocalName,
) -> Option<&'dom AttrValue> {
    let storage = unsafe { elem.unsafe_get().attrs.borrow_for_layout() };
    storage
        .iter()
        .find(|e: &&AttributeEntry| {
            name == e.local_name_for_layout() && namespace == e.namespace_for_layout()
        })
        .map(|e: &AttributeEntry| e.value_for_layout())
}

impl<'dom> LayoutDom<'dom, Element> {
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn is_root(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .parent_node_ref()
            .is_some_and(|parent| matches!(parent.type_id_for_layout(), NodeTypeId::Document(_)))
    }

    /// Returns true if this element is the body child of an html element root element.
    pub(crate) fn is_body_element_of_html_element_root(&self) -> bool {
        if self.local_name() != &local_name!("body") {
            return false;
        }
        let Some(parent_node) = self.upcast::<Node>().parent_node_ref() else {
            return false;
        };
        let Some(parent_element) = parent_node.downcast::<Element>() else {
            return false;
        };
        parent_element.local_name() == &local_name!("html")
    }

    /// Iterate over attribute local names for layout, handling mixed Raw and Dom entries.
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn each_attr_name_for_layout<F>(self, mut callback: F)
    where
        F: FnMut(&LocalName),
    {
        let storage = unsafe { self.unsafe_get().attrs.borrow_for_layout() };
        for entry in storage.iter() {
            callback(entry.local_name_for_layout());
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn has_class_or_part_for_layout(
        self,
        name: &AtomIdent,
        attr_name: &LocalName,
        case_sensitivity: CaseSensitivity,
    ) -> bool {
        get_attr_for_layout(self, &ns!(), attr_name).is_some_and(|attr| {
            attr.as_tokens()
                .iter()
                .any(|atom| case_sensitivity.eq_atom(atom, name))
        })
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_classes_for_layout(self) -> Option<&'dom [Atom]> {
        get_attr_for_layout(self, &ns!(), &local_name!("class")).map(|attr| attr.as_tokens())
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_parts_for_layout(self) -> Option<&'dom [Atom]> {
        get_attr_for_layout(self, &ns!(), &local_name!("part")).map(|attr| attr.as_tokens())
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn dimension_attr_value(self, name: LocalName) -> LengthOrPercentageOrAuto {
        self.get_attr_for_layout(&ns!(), &name)
            .map(AttrValue::as_dimension)
            .cloned()
            .unwrap_or(LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto)
    }

    #[inline]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) fn style_data(self) -> Option<&'dom StyleData> {
        unsafe { self.unsafe_get().style_data.borrow_for_layout().as_deref() }
    }

    #[inline]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) unsafe fn initialize_style_data(self) {
        let data = unsafe { self.unsafe_get().style_data.borrow_mut_for_layout() };
        debug_assert!(data.is_none());
        *data = Some(Box::default());
    }

    #[inline]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) unsafe fn clear_style_data(self) {
        unsafe {
            self.unsafe_get().style_data.borrow_mut_for_layout().take();
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn apply_property_for_length_percentage<Callback>(
        self,
        length_percentage: LengthOrPercentageOrAuto,
        callback: Callback,
    ) where
        Callback: FnOnce(specified::LengthPercentage),
    {
        match length_percentage {
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto => {},
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Percentage(percentage) => {
                let value = specified::LengthPercentage::Percentage(
                    specified::NoCalcPercentage::new(percentage),
                );
                callback(value)
            },
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Length(length) => {
                let value = specified::LengthPercentage::Length(specified::NoCalcLength::from_px(
                    length.to_f32_px(),
                ));
                callback(value)
            },
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn synthesize_presentational_hints_for_legacy_attributes<V>(self, hints: &mut V)
    where
        V: Push<ApplicableDeclarationBlock>,
    {
        // TODO: Move HTML presentational hints handling into
        // HTMLElement::synthesize_presentational_hints_for_legacy_attributes
        let document = self.upcast::<Node>().owner_doc_for_layout();
        let mut property_declaration_block = None;
        let mut push = |declaration| {
            property_declaration_block
                .get_or_insert_with(PropertyDeclarationBlock::default)
                .push(declaration, Importance::Normal);
        };

        // TODO(xiaochengh): This is probably not enough. When the root element doesn't have a `lang`,
        // we should check the browser settings and system locale.
        if let Some(lang) = self.get_lang_attr_val_for_layout() {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::XLang(specified::XLang(Atom::from(
                lang.to_owned(),
            ))));
        }

        let bgcolor = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLBodyElement>() {
            this.get_background_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableElement>() {
            this.get_background_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>() {
            this.get_background_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableRowElement>() {
            this.get_background_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableSectionElement>() {
            this.get_background_color()
        } else {
            None
        };

        if let Some(color) = bgcolor {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::BackgroundColor(
                specified::Color::from_absolute_color(color),
            ));
        }

        if is_element_affected_by_legacy_background_presentational_hint(
            self.namespace(),
            self.local_name(),
        ) && let Some(url) = self
            .get_attr_for_layout(&ns!(), &local_name!("background"))
            .and_then(AttrValue::as_resolved_url)
            .cloned()
        {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::BackgroundImage(
                background_image::SpecifiedValue(vec![specified::Image::for_cascade(url)].into()),
            ));
        }

        let color = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLFontElement>() {
            this.get_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLBodyElement>() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-page:the-body-element-20
            this.get_color()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLHRElement>() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-hr-element-2:presentational-hints-5
            this.get_color()
        } else {
            None
        };

        if let Some(color) = color {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::Color(
                longhands::color::SpecifiedValue(specified::Color::from_absolute_color(color)),
            ));
        }

        let font_face = self
            .downcast::<HTMLFontElement>()
            .and_then(LayoutDom::get_face);
        if let Some(font_face) = font_face {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::FontFamily(
                font_family::SpecifiedValue::Values(computed::font::FontFamilyList {
                    list: ArcSlice::from_iter(
                        HTMLFontElement::parse_face_attribute(font_face).into_iter(),
                    ),
                }),
            ));
        }

        let font_size = self
            .downcast::<HTMLFontElement>()
            .and_then(LayoutDom::get_size);
        if let Some(font_size) = font_size {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::FontSize(
                font_size::SpecifiedValue::from_html_size(font_size as u8),
            ));
        }

        // Textual input, specifically text entry and domain specific input has
        // a default preferred size.
        //
        // <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget>
        // <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets>
        let size = self
            .downcast::<HTMLInputElement>()
            .and_then(|input_element| {
                // FIXME(pcwalton): More use of atoms, please!
                match self.get_attr_val_for_layout(&ns!(), &local_name!("type")) {
                    Some("hidden") | Some("range") | Some("color") | Some("checkbox") |
                    Some("radio") | Some("file") | Some("submit") | Some("image") |
                    Some("reset") | Some("button") => None,
                    // Others
                    _ => match input_element.size_for_layout() {
                        0 => None,
                        s => Some(s as i32),
                    },
                }
            });

        if let Some(size) = size {
            let value = specified::NoCalcLength::from_servo_character_width(size);
            push(PropertyDeclaration::Width(
                specified::Size::LengthPercentage(NonNegative(
                    specified::LengthPercentage::Length(value),
                )),
            ));
        }

        let width = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLEmbedElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLIFrameElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLImageElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLMarqueeElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLObjectElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLVideoElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableColElement>() {
            this.width()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLHRElement>() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-hr-element-2:attr-hr-width
            this.width()
        } else {
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto
        };

        self.apply_property_for_length_percentage(width, |value| {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::Width(
                specified::Size::LengthPercentage(NonNegative(value)),
            ));
        });

        let height = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLEmbedElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLIFrameElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLImageElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLMarqueeElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLObjectElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLVideoElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableRowElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableSectionElement>() {
            this.height()
        } else {
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto
        };

        self.apply_property_for_length_percentage(height, |value| {
            push(PropertyDeclaration::Height(
                specified::Size::LengthPercentage(NonNegative(value)),
            ));
        });

        let margin_right_left = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLEmbedElement>() {
            this.margin_right_left()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLImageElement>() {
            this.margin_right_left()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>() {
            this.margin_right_left()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLMarqueeElement>() {
            this.margin_right_left()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLObjectElement>() {
            this.margin_right_left()
        } else {
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto
        };

        self.apply_property_for_length_percentage(margin_right_left, |value| {
            let value = specified::Margin::LengthPercentage(value);
            push(PropertyDeclaration::MarginLeft(value.clone()));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::MarginRight(value));
        });

        let margin_top_bottom = if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLEmbedElement>() {
            this.margin_top_bottom()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLImageElement>() {
            this.margin_top_bottom()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>() {
            this.margin_top_bottom()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLMarqueeElement>() {
            this.margin_top_bottom()
        } else if let Some(this) = self.downcast::<HTMLObjectElement>() {
            this.margin_top_bottom()
        } else {
            LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Auto
        };

        self.apply_property_for_length_percentage(margin_top_bottom, |value| {
            let value = specified::Margin::LengthPercentage(value);
            push(PropertyDeclaration::MarginTop(value.clone()));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::MarginBottom(value));
        });

        if let Some(svg_element) = self.downcast::<SVGElement>() {
            svg_element.synthesize_presentational_hints(document, &mut push);
        }

        if let Some(mathml_element) = self.downcast::<MathMLElement>() {
            mathml_element.synthesize_presentational_hints(document, &mut push);
        }

        // Aspect ratio when providing both width and height.
        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images
        if (self.is::<HTMLImageElement>() || self.is::<HTMLVideoElement>()) &&
            let LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Length(width) = width &&
            let LengthOrPercentageOrAuto::Length(height) = height
        {
            let width_value = NonNegative(specified::Number::new(width.to_f32_px()));
            let height_value = NonNegative(specified::Number::new(height.to_f32_px()));
            let aspect_ratio = specified::position::AspectRatio {
                auto: true,
                ratio: PreferredRatio::Ratio(Ratio(width_value, height_value)),
            };
            push(PropertyDeclaration::AspectRatio(Box::new(aspect_ratio)));
        }

        let cols = self
            .downcast::<HTMLTextAreaElement>()
            .map(LayoutDom::get_cols);
        if let Some(cols) = cols {
            let cols = cols as i32;
            if cols > 0 {
                // TODO(mttr) ServoCharacterWidth uses the size math for <input type="text">, but
                // the math for <textarea> is a little different since we need to take
                // scrollbar size into consideration (but we don't have a scrollbar yet!)
                //
                // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#textarea-effective-width
                let value = specified::NoCalcLength::from_servo_character_width(cols);
                push(PropertyDeclaration::Width(
                    specified::Size::LengthPercentage(NonNegative(
                        specified::LengthPercentage::Length(value),
                    )),
                ));
            }
        }

        let rows = self
            .downcast::<HTMLTextAreaElement>()
            .map(LayoutDom::get_rows);
        if let Some(rows) = rows {
            let rows = rows as i32;
            if rows > 0 {
                // TODO(mttr) This should take scrollbar size into consideration.
                //
                // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#textarea-effective-height
                let value = specified::NoCalcLength::from_em(rows as CSSFloat);
                push(PropertyDeclaration::Height(
                    specified::Size::LengthPercentage(NonNegative(
                        specified::LengthPercentage::Length(value),
                    )),
                ));
            }
        }

        if let Some(table) = self.downcast::<HTMLTableElement>() {
            if let Some(cellspacing) = table.get_cellspacing() {
                let width_value = specified::Length::from_px(cellspacing as f32);
                push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderSpacing(
                    border_spacing::SpecifiedValue::new(
                        width_value.clone().into(),
                        width_value.into(),
                    ),
                ));
            }
            if let Some(border) = table.get_border() {
                let width_value = specified::BorderSideWidth::from_px(border as f32);
                push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderTopWidth(width_value.clone()));
                push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderLeftWidth(width_value.clone()));
                push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderBottomWidth(width_value.clone()));
                push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderRightWidth(width_value));
            }
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                // <https://quirks.spec.whatwg.org/#the-tables-inherit-color-from-body-quirk>
                push(PropertyDeclaration::Color(color::SpecifiedValue(
                    specified::Color::InheritFromBodyQuirk,
                )));
            }
        }

        if let Some(cellpadding) = self
            .downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>()
            .and_then(|this| this.get_table())
            .and_then(|table| table.get_cellpadding())
        {
            let cellpadding = NonNegative(specified::LengthPercentage::Length(
                specified::NoCalcLength::from_px(cellpadding as f32),
            ));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::PaddingTop(cellpadding.clone()));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::PaddingLeft(cellpadding.clone()));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::PaddingBottom(cellpadding.clone()));
            push(PropertyDeclaration::PaddingRight(cellpadding));
        }

        // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-hr-element-2
        if let Some(size_info) = self
            .downcast::<HTMLHRElement>()
            .and_then(|hr_element| hr_element.get_size_info())
        {
            match size_info {
                SizePresentationalHint::SetHeightTo(height) => {
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::Height(height));
                },
                SizePresentationalHint::SetAllBorderWidthValuesTo(border_width) => {
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderLeftWidth(border_width.clone()));
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderRightWidth(border_width.clone()));
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderTopWidth(border_width.clone()));
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderBottomWidth(border_width));
                },
                SizePresentationalHint::SetBottomBorderWidthToZero => {
                    push(PropertyDeclaration::BorderBottomWidth(
                        specified::border::BorderSideWidth::from_px(0.),
                    ));
                },
            }
        }

        let Some(property_declaration_block) = property_declaration_block else {
            return;
        };

        let shared_lock = &document.shared_style_locks().author;
        hints.push(ApplicableDeclarationBlock::from_declarations(
            ServoArc::new(shared_lock.wrap(property_declaration_block)),
            CascadeLevel::new(CascadeOrigin::PresHints),
            LayerOrder::root(),
        ));
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_span(self) -> Option<u32> {
        // Don't panic since `display` can cause this to be called on arbitrary elements.
        self.downcast::<HTMLTableColElement>()
            .and_then(|element| element.get_span())
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_colspan(self) -> Option<u32> {
        // Don't panic since `display` can cause this to be called on arbitrary elements.
        self.downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>()
            .and_then(|element| element.get_colspan())
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_rowspan(self) -> Option<u32> {
        // Don't panic since `display` can cause this to be called on arbitrary elements.
        self.downcast::<HTMLTableCellElement>()
            .and_then(|element| element.get_rowspan())
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn is_html_element(&self) -> bool {
        *self.namespace() == ns!(html)
    }

    pub(crate) fn id_attribute(self) -> Option<AtomicRef<'dom, Atom>> {
        AtomicRef::filter_map(self.unsafe_get().id_attribute.borrow(), Option::as_ref)
    }

    /// Like [`Self::id_attribute`], but without a borrow guard, for stylo's `TElement::id`.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    /// The id must not be mutated while the returned reference is alive.
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) unsafe fn id_attribute_unguarded(self) -> Option<&'dom Atom> {
        unsafe { (*self.unsafe_get().id_attribute.as_ptr()).as_ref() }
    }

    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) fn style_attribute(
        self,
    ) -> *const Option<ServoArc<Locked<PropertyDeclarationBlock>>> {
        unsafe { (self.unsafe_get()).style_attribute.borrow_for_layout() }
    }

    pub(crate) fn local_name(self) -> &'dom LocalName {
        &(self.unsafe_get()).local_name
    }

    pub(crate) fn namespace(self) -> &'dom Namespace {
        &(self.unsafe_get()).namespace
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#language>
    pub(crate) fn get_lang_attr_val_for_layout(self) -> Option<&'dom str> {
        // > If the node is an element that has a lang attribute in the XML namespace set
        // >     Use the value of that attribute.
        if let Some(attr) = self.get_attr_val_for_layout(&ns!(xml), &local_name!("lang")) {
            return Some(attr);
        }
        // > If the node is an HTML element or an element in the SVG namespace,
        // > and it has a lang in no namespace attribute set
        // >     Use the value of that attribute.
        if self.is_html_element() || self.namespace() == &ns!(svg) {
            return self.get_attr_val_for_layout(&ns!(), &local_name!("lang"));
        }
        None
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#language>
    pub(crate) fn get_lang_for_layout(self) -> AtomString {
        // > To determine the language of a node,
        // > user agents must use the first appropriate step in the following list:
        let mut current_node = Some(self.upcast::<Node>());
        while let Some(node) = current_node {
            // > If the node's parent element is not null
            // >     Use the language of that parent element.
            // > If the node's parent is a shadow root
            // >     Use the language of that shadow root's host.
            current_node = node.composed_parent_node_ref();
            match node.downcast::<Element>() {
                Some(elem) => {
                    if let Some(attr) = elem.get_lang_attr_val_for_layout() {
                        return AtomString::from(attr);
                    }
                },
                None => continue,
            }
        }
        // > If there is a pragma-set default language set,
        // > then that is the language of the node.
        // > If there is no pragma-set default language set,
        // > then language information from a higher-level protocol (such as HTTP),
        // > if any, must be used as the final fallback language instead.
        // > In the absence of any such language information,
        // > and in cases where the higher-level protocol reports multiple languages,
        // > the language of the node is unknown,
        // > and the corresponding language tag is the empty string.
        //
        // We store the default_language when retrieving from HTTP
        // and then later overwrite if it we process a <meta> element
        // that sets content-language. Hence, we only need to call
        // default_language here to cover both cases.
        let document = self.upcast::<Node>().owner_doc_for_layout();
        if let Some(document_language) = document.default_language_for_layout().as_deref() {
            return AtomString::from(document_language);
        }
        AtomString::default()
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_state_for_layout(self) -> ElementState {
        (self.unsafe_get()).state.get()
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn insert_selector_flags(self, flags: ElementSelectorFlags) {
        debug_assert!(thread_state::get().is_layout());
        self.unsafe_get().insert_selector_flags(flags);
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_selector_flags(self) -> ElementSelectorFlags {
        self.unsafe_get().get_selector_flags()
    }

    #[inline]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) fn get_shadow_root_for_layout(self) -> Option<LayoutDom<'dom, ShadowRoot>> {
        unsafe {
            self.unsafe_get()
                .rare_data
                .borrow_for_layout()
                .as_ref()?
                .shadow_root
                .as_ref()
                .map(|sr| sr.to_layout())
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_attr_for_layout(
        self,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<&'dom AttrValue> {
        get_attr_for_layout(self, namespace, name)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub(crate) fn get_attr_val_for_layout(
        self,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<&'dom str> {
        get_attr_for_layout(self, namespace, name).map(|attr| &**attr)
    }

    #[inline]
    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) fn get_attr_vals_for_layout(
        self,
        name: &LocalName,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'dom AttrValue> {
        let storage = unsafe { self.unsafe_get().attrs.borrow_for_layout() };
        storage
            .iter()
            .filter(move |e: &&AttributeEntry| name == e.local_name_for_layout())
            .map(|e: &AttributeEntry| e.value_for_layout())
    }

    #[expect(unsafe_code)]
    pub(crate) fn each_custom_state_for_layout(self, mut callback: impl FnMut(&AtomIdent)) {
        let rare_data = unsafe { self.unsafe_get().rare_data.borrow_for_layout() };
        let Some(rare_data) = rare_data.as_ref() else {
            return;
        };
        let Some(element_internals) = rare_data.element_internals.as_ref() else {
            return;
        };

        let element_internals: LayoutDom<'_, _> = unsafe { element_internals.to_layout() };
        if let Some(states) = element_internals.unsafe_get().custom_states_for_layout() {
            for state in states.unsafe_get().set_for_layout().iter() {
                // FIXME: This creates new atoms whenever it is called, which is not optimal.
                callback(&AtomIdent::from(&*state.str()));
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Element {
    pub(crate) fn is_html_element(&self) -> bool {
        self.namespace == ns!(html)
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_svg_element(&self) -> bool {
        self.namespace == ns!(svg)
    }

    pub(crate) fn html_element_in_html_document(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_html_element() && self.upcast::<Node>().is_in_html_doc()
    }

    pub(crate) fn local_name(&self) -> &LocalName {
        &self.local_name
    }

    pub(crate) fn parsed_name(&self, mut name: DOMString) -> LocalName {
        if self.html_element_in_html_document() {
            name.make_ascii_lowercase();
        }
        LocalName::from(name)
    }

    pub(crate) fn namespace(&self) -> &Namespace {
        &self.namespace
    }

    pub(crate) fn prefix(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<Prefix>> {
        self.prefix.borrow()
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_prefix(&self, prefix: Option<Prefix>) {
        *self.prefix.borrow_mut() = prefix;
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_custom_element_registry(
        &self,
        registry: Option<&CustomElementRegistry>,
        no_gc: &NoGC,
    ) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).custom_element_registry = registry.map(Dom::from_ref);
    }

    pub(crate) fn custom_element_registry(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<CustomElementRegistry>> {
        self.rare_data()
            .as_ref()?
            .custom_element_registry
            .as_deref()
            .map(DomRoot::from_ref)
    }

    pub(crate) fn attrs(&self) -> &AttributeStorage {
        &self.attrs
    }

    pub(crate) fn dom_attrs(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> &AttributeStorage {
        // Materialize all entries to Dom<Attr> so callers can access full Attr nodes.
        let len = self.attrs.borrow().len();
        for i in 0..len {
            self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, i, self);
        }
        &self.attrs
    }

    /// Element branch of <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#locate-a-namespace>
    pub(crate) fn locate_namespace(&self, prefix: Option<DOMString>) -> Namespace {
        let namespace_prefix = prefix.as_ref().map(|s| Prefix::from(&*s.str()));

        // Step 1. If prefix is "xml", then return the XML namespace.
        if namespace_prefix == Some(namespace_prefix!("xml")) {
            return ns!(xml);
        }

        // Step 2. If prefix is "xmlns", then return the XMLNS namespace.
        if namespace_prefix == Some(namespace_prefix!("xmlns")) {
            return ns!(xmlns);
        }

        let prefix = prefix.map(LocalName::from);

        let inclusive_ancestor_elements = self
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .inclusive_ancestors(ShadowIncluding::No)
            .filter_map(DomRoot::downcast::<Self>);

        // Step 5. If its parent element is null, then return null.
        // Step 6. Return the result of running locate a namespace on its parent element using prefix.
        for element in inclusive_ancestor_elements {
            // Step 3. If its namespace is non-null and its namespace prefix is prefix, then return namespace.
            if element.namespace() != &ns!() &&
                element.prefix().as_ref().map(|p| &**p) == prefix.as_deref()
            {
                return element.namespace().clone();
            }

            // Step 4. If it has an attribute whose namespace is the XMLNS namespace, namespace prefix
            // is "xmlns", and local name is prefix, or if prefix is null and it has an attribute
            // whose namespace is the XMLNS namespace, namespace prefix is null, and local name is
            // "xmlns", then return its value if it is not the empty string, and null otherwise.
            let found_ns = element.attrs.borrow().iter().find_map(|attr| {
                if attr.namespace() != &ns!(xmlns) {
                    return None;
                }
                match (attr.prefix(), prefix.as_ref()) {
                    (Some(&namespace_prefix!("xmlns")), Some(prefix)) => {
                        if attr.local_name() == prefix {
                            Some(Namespace::from(&**attr.value()))
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    },
                    (None, None) => {
                        if attr.local_name() == &local_name!("xmlns") {
                            Some(Namespace::from(&**attr.value()))
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    },
                    _ => None,
                }
            });

            if let Some(ns) = found_ns {
                return ns;
            }
        }

        ns!()
    }

    pub(crate) fn name_attribute(&self) -> Option<Atom> {
        self.rare_data().as_ref()?.name_attribute.clone()
    }

    pub(crate) fn style_attribute(
        &self,
    ) -> &DomRefCell<Option<ServoArc<Locked<PropertyDeclarationBlock>>>> {
        &self.style_attribute
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "devtools")]
    pub(crate) fn summarize(&self) -> Vec<devtools_traits::AttrInfo> {
        self.attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .map(|attr| attr.summarize())
            .collect()
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_void(&self) -> bool {
        if self.namespace != ns!(html) {
            return false;
        }
        match self.local_name {
            /* List of void elements from
            https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#html-fragment-serialisation-algorithm */
            local_name!("area") |
            local_name!("base") |
            local_name!("basefont") |
            local_name!("bgsound") |
            local_name!("br") |
            local_name!("col") |
            local_name!("embed") |
            local_name!("frame") |
            local_name!("hr") |
            local_name!("img") |
            local_name!("input") |
            local_name!("keygen") |
            local_name!("link") |
            local_name!("meta") |
            local_name!("param") |
            local_name!("source") |
            local_name!("track") |
            local_name!("wbr") => true,
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn root_element(&self) -> DomRoot<Element> {
        if self.node.is_in_a_document_tree() {
            self.upcast::<Node>()
                .owner_doc()
                .GetDocumentElement()
                .unwrap()
        } else {
            self.upcast::<Node>()
                .inclusive_ancestors(ShadowIncluding::No)
                .filter_map(DomRoot::downcast)
                .last()
                .expect("We know inclusive_ancestors will return `self` which is an element")
        }
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#locate-a-namespace-prefix>
    pub(crate) fn lookup_prefix(&self, namespace: Namespace) -> Option<DOMString> {
        for node in self
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .inclusive_ancestors(ShadowIncluding::No)
        {
            let element = node.downcast::<Element>()?;
            // Step 1.
            if *element.namespace() == namespace &&
                let Some(prefix) = element.GetPrefix()
            {
                return Some(prefix);
            }

            // Step 2.
            for attr in element.attrs.borrow().iter() {
                if attr.prefix() == Some(&namespace_prefix!("xmlns")) &&
                    **attr.value() == *namespace
                {
                    return Some(TracedDOMString::from(attr.local_name().clone()).root());
                }
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#document-element>
    pub(crate) fn is_document_element(&self) -> bool {
        if let Some(document_element) = self.owner_document().GetDocumentElement() {
            *document_element == *self
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-document-activeelement>
    pub(crate) fn is_active_element(&self) -> bool {
        if let Some(active_element) = self.owner_document().GetActiveElement() {
            *active_element == *self
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_actually_disabled(&self) -> bool {
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        match node.type_id() {
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLButtonElement,
            )) |
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLInputElement,
            )) |
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLSelectElement,
            )) |
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLTextAreaElement,
            )) |
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLOptionElement,
            )) => self.disabled_state(),
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLElement)) => {
                self.downcast::<HTMLElement>()
                    .unwrap()
                    .is_form_associated_custom_element() &&
                    self.disabled_state()
            },
            // TODO:
            // an optgroup element that has a disabled attribute
            // a menuitem element that has a disabled attribute
            // a fieldset element that is a disabled fieldset
            _ => false,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn push_new_attribute(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        local_name: LocalName,
        value: AttrValue,
        name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
    ) {
        // Build ContentAttributeData on the stack. We keep the original on the
        // stack for the AttrRef (used by handle_attribute_changes / attribute_mutated),
        // and push a clone into the RefCell. This avoids holding a RefCell borrow
        // while attribute_mutated callbacks run (they may call get_attribute() etc.).
        let data = ContentAttributeData {
            identifier: AttrName::new(local_name, name, namespace, prefix),
            value,
        };
        let attr_ref = AttrRef::Raw(&data);
        self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), attr_ref);
        // Step 1: Append to attribute list (push clone, keep original on stack).
        self.attrs.push_raw(ContentAttributeData {
            identifier: data.identifier.clone(),
            value: data.value.clone(),
        });
        // Step 4: Handle attribute changes using stack-local AttrRef.
        self.handle_attribute_changes(cx, attr_ref, None, Some(&*attr_ref.value()));
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#handle-attribute-changes>
    fn handle_attribute_changes(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        attr: AttrRef<'_>,
        old_value: Option<&AttrValue>,
        new_value: Option<&AttrValue>,
    ) {
        // Step 1. Queue a mutation record of "attributes" for element with attribute’s local name,
        // attribute’s namespace, oldValue, « », « », null, and null.
        let name = attr.local_name().clone();
        let namespace = attr.namespace().clone();
        let mutation = LazyCell::new(|| Mutation::Attribute {
            name: name.clone(),
            namespace: namespace.clone(),
            old_value: old_value.map(|old_value| DOMString::from(&**old_value)),
        });
        MutationObserver::queue_a_mutation_record(cx, &self.node, mutation);

        // Avoid double borrow
        let has_new_value = new_value.is_some();

        // Step 2. If element is custom, then enqueue a custom element callback reaction with element,
        // callback name "attributeChangedCallback", and « attribute’s local name, oldValue, newValue, attribute’s namespace ».
        if self.is_custom() {
            let reaction = CallbackReaction::AttributeChanged(
                attr.local_name().clone(),
                old_value,
                new_value,
                attr.namespace().clone(),
            );
            ScriptThread::enqueue_callback_reaction(cx, self, reaction, None);
        }

        // Step 3. Run the attribute change steps with element, attribute’s local name, oldValue, newValue, and attribute’s namespace.
        if is_relevant_attribute(attr.namespace(), attr.local_name()) {
            let attribute_mutation = if has_new_value {
                AttributeMutation::Set(old_value)
            } else {
                AttributeMutation::Removed
            };
            vtable_for(self.upcast()).attribute_mutated(cx, attr, attribute_mutation);
        }
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-change>
    pub(crate) fn change_attribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, attr: &Attr, mut value: AttrValue) {
        // Step 1. Let oldValue be attribute’s value.
        //
        // Clone to avoid double borrow
        let old_value = &attr.value().clone();
        // Step 2. Set attribute’s value to value.
        self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), AttrRef::Dom(attr));
        attr.swap_value(&mut value);
        // Step 3. Handle attribute changes for attribute with attribute’s element, oldValue, and value.
        //
        // Put on a separate line to avoid double borrow
        self.handle_attribute_changes(
            cx,
            AttrRef::Dom(attr),
            Some(old_value),
            Some(&*attr.value()),
        );
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-append>
    pub(crate) fn push_attribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, attr: &Attr) {
        // Step 2. Set attribute’s element to element.
        //
        // Handled by callers of this function and asserted here.
        assert!(attr.GetOwnerElement().as_deref() == Some(self));
        // Step 3. Set attribute’s node document to element’s node document.
        //
        // Handled by callers of this function and asserted here.
        assert!(attr.upcast::<Node>().owner_doc() == self.node.owner_doc());
        // Step 1. Append attribute to element’s attribute list.
        self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), AttrRef::Dom(attr));
        self.attrs.push_dom(attr);
        // Step 4. Handle attribute changes for attribute with element, null, and attribute’s value.
        //
        // Put on a separate line to avoid double borrow
        self.handle_attribute_changes(cx, AttrRef::Dom(attr), None, Some(&*attr.value()));
    }

    pub(crate) fn with_attribute<R, F>(
        &self,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        local_name: &LocalName,
        map_func: F,
    ) -> Option<R>
    where
        F: FnOnce(AttrRef<'_>) -> R,
    {
        self.attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .find(|attribute| {
                attribute.local_name() == local_name && attribute.namespace() == namespace
            })
            .map(map_func)
    }

    pub(crate) fn attribute_str_ref<'a>(
        &'a self,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        local_name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<AttrStrRef<'a>> {
        AttrStrRef::maybe_new(self.attrs.borrow(), namespace, local_name)
    }

    /// This is the inner logic for:
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-get-by-namespace>
    ///
    /// In addition to taking a namespace argument, this version does not require the attribute
    /// to be lowercase ASCII, in accordance with the specification.
    pub(crate) fn get_attribute_with_namespace(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        local_name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        let idx = self
            .attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .position(|a| a.local_name() == local_name && a.namespace() == namespace)?;
        Some(self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, idx, self))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-get-by-name>
    pub(crate) fn get_attribute_by_name(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        name: DOMString,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        let name = &self.parsed_name(name);
        let idx = self.attrs.borrow().iter().position(|a| a.name() == name)?;
        let attr_dom = Some(self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, idx, self));
        fn id_and_name_must_be_atoms(name: &LocalName, maybe_attr: &Option<DomRoot<Attr>>) -> bool {
            if *name == local_name!("id") || *name == local_name!("name") {
                match maybe_attr {
                    None => true,
                    Some(attr) => matches!(*attr.value(), AttrValue::Atom(_)),
                }
            } else {
                true
            }
        }
        debug_assert!(id_and_name_must_be_atoms(name, &attr_dom));
        attr_dom
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_attribute_from_parser(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        qname: QualName,
        value: DOMString,
    ) {
        // Don't set if the attribute already exists, so we can handle add_attrs_if_missing
        if self
            .attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .any(|a| *a.local_name() == qname.local && *a.namespace() == qname.ns)
        {
            return;
        }

        let name = match qname.prefix {
            None => qname.local.clone(),
            Some(ref prefix) => {
                let name = format!("{}:{}", &**prefix, &*qname.local);
                LocalName::from(name)
            },
        };
        let value = self.parse_attribute(&qname.ns, &qname.local, value);
        self.push_new_attribute(cx, qname.local, value, name, qname.ns, qname.prefix);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_attribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, name: &LocalName, value: AttrValue) {
        debug_assert_eq!(
            *name,
            name.to_ascii_lowercase(),
            "All attribute accesses should use a lowercase ASCII name"
        );
        debug_assert!(!name.contains(':'));

        self.set_first_matching_attribute(
            cx,
            name.clone(),
            value,
            name.clone(),
            ns!(),
            None,
            |attr| attr.local_name() == name,
        );
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_attribute_with_namespace(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        local_name: LocalName,
        value: AttrValue,
        name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
    ) {
        self.set_first_matching_attribute(
            cx,
            local_name.clone(),
            value,
            name,
            namespace.clone(),
            prefix,
            |attr| *attr.local_name() == local_name && *attr.namespace() == namespace,
        );
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-set-value>
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn set_first_matching_attribute<F>(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        local_name: LocalName,
        value: AttrValue,
        name: LocalName,
        namespace: Namespace,
        prefix: Option<Prefix>,
        find: F,
    ) where
        F: Fn(AttrRef<'_>) -> bool,
    {
        // Step 1. Let attribute be the result of getting an attribute given namespace, localName, and element.
        // First check if a matching attribute exists (works for both Raw and Dom).
        let found_idx = self.attrs.borrow().iter().position(find);
        if let Some(idx) = found_idx {
            let attr = self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, idx, self);
            // Step 3. Change attribute to value.
            self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), AttrRef::Dom(&attr));
            self.change_attribute(cx, &attr, value);
        } else {
            // Step 2. If attribute is null, create an attribute whose namespace is namespace,
            // namespace prefix is prefix, local name is localName, value is value,
            // and node document is element’s node document,
            // then append this attribute to element, and then return.
            self.push_new_attribute(cx, local_name, value, name, namespace, prefix);
        };
    }

    pub(crate) fn parse_attribute(
        &self,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        local_name: &LocalName,
        value: DOMString,
    ) -> AttrValue {
        if is_relevant_attribute(namespace, local_name) {
            vtable_for(self.upcast()).parse_plain_attribute(local_name, value)
        } else {
            AttrValue::String(value.into())
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn remove_attribute(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: &Namespace,
        local_name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        self.remove_first_matching_attribute(cx, |attr| {
            attr.namespace() == namespace && attr.local_name() == local_name
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn remove_attribute_by_name(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        name: &LocalName,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        self.remove_first_matching_attribute(cx, |attr| attr.name() == name)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-remove>
    fn remove_first_matching_attribute<F>(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        find: F,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>>
    where
        F: Fn(AttrRef<'_>) -> bool,
    {
        let idx = self.attrs.borrow().iter().position(find);
        idx.map(|idx| {
            let attr = self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, idx, self);

            // Step 2. Remove attribute from element’s attribute list.
            self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), AttrRef::Dom(&attr));
            self.attrs.remove(idx);
            // Step 3. Set attribute’s element to null.
            attr.set_owner(cx, None);
            // Step 4. Handle attribute changes for attribute with element, attribute’s value, and null.
            self.handle_attribute_changes(cx, AttrRef::Dom(&attr), Some(&attr.value()), None);

            attr
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn has_class(&self, name: &Atom, case_sensitivity: CaseSensitivity) -> bool {
        self.any_tokenlist_attribute(&local_name!("class"), |atom| {
            case_sensitivity.eq_atom(name, atom)
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn has_attribute(&self, local_name: &LocalName) -> bool {
        debug_assert_eq!(
            *local_name,
            local_name.to_ascii_lowercase(),
            "All attribute accesses should use a lowercase ASCII name"
        );
        debug_assert!(!local_name.contains(':'));
        self.attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .any(|attr| attr.local_name() == local_name && attr.namespace() == &ns!())
    }

    pub(crate) fn will_mutate_attr(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, attr: AttrRef<'_>) {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .owner_doc_unrooted(no_gc)
            .element_attr_will_change(self, attr);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#the-style-attribute>
    fn update_style_attribute(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        attr: AttrRef<'_>,
        mutation: AttributeMutation,
    ) {
        let doc = self.upcast::<Node>().owner_doc();
        // Modifying the `style` attribute might change style.
        *self.style_attribute.borrow_mut() = match mutation {
            AttributeMutation::Set(_) => {
                let value = attr.as_attr().map_or_else(
                    || attr.value(),
                    |attribute| AttrValueRef::Borrowed(attribute.value()),
                );

                Some(match &*value {
                    AttrValue::Declaration { block, .. } => block.clone(),
                    _ => {
                        let win = self.owner_window();
                        let source = &**attr.value();
                        let global = &self.owner_global();
                        // However, if the Should element's inline behavior be blocked by
                        // Content Security Policy? algorithm returns "Blocked" when executed
                        // upon the attribute's element, "style attribute", and the attribute's value,
                        // then the style rules defined in the attribute's value must not be applied to the element. [CSP]
                        if global
                            .get_csp_list()
                            .should_elements_inline_type_behavior_be_blocked(
                                cx,
                                global,
                                self,
                                InlineCheckType::StyleAttribute,
                                source,
                                doc.get_current_parser_line(),
                            )
                        {
                            return;
                        }
                        ServoArc::new(doc.style_shared_author_lock().wrap(parse_style_attribute(
                            source,
                            &UrlExtraData(doc.base_url().get_arc()),
                            Some(win.css_error_reporter()),
                            doc.quirks_mode(),
                            CssRuleType::Style,
                        )))
                    },
                })
            },
            AttributeMutation::Removed => None,
        };
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-set>
    /// including steps of
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-replace>
    fn set_attribute_node(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        attr: &Attr,
    ) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Attr>>> {
        // Step 1. Let verifiedValue be the result of calling
        // get Trusted Types-compliant attribute value with attr’s local name,
        // attr’s namespace, element, and attr’s value. [TRUSTED-TYPES]
        let verified_value = TrustedTypePolicyFactory::get_trusted_types_compliant_attribute_value(
            cx,
            self.namespace(),
            self.local_name(),
            attr.local_name(),
            Some(attr.namespace()),
            TrustedTypeOrString::String(attr.Value()),
            &self.owner_global(),
        )?;

        // Step 2. If attr’s element is neither null nor element,
        // throw an "InUseAttributeError" DOMException.
        if let Some(owner) = attr.GetOwnerElement() &&
            &*owner != self
        {
            return Err(Error::InUseAttribute(Some(
                "Attribute is already in use by another element".into(),
            )));
        }

        let vtable = vtable_for(self.upcast());

        // Step 5. Set attr’s value to verifiedValue.
        //
        // This ensures that the attribute is of the expected kind for this
        // specific element. This is inefficient and should probably be done
        // differently.
        attr.swap_value(
            &mut vtable.parse_plain_attribute(attr.local_name(), verified_value.clone()),
        );

        // Step 3. Let oldAttr be the result of getting an attribute given attr’s namespace, attr’s local name, and element.
        let position = self.attrs.borrow().iter().position(|old_attr| {
            attr.namespace() == old_attr.namespace() && attr.local_name() == old_attr.local_name()
        });

        let old_attr = if let Some(position) = position {
            let old_attr = self.attrs.ensure_dom(cx, position, self);

            // Step 4. If oldAttr is attr, return attr.
            if &*old_attr == attr {
                return Ok(Some(DomRoot::from_ref(attr)));
            }

            // Step 6. If oldAttr is non-null, then replace oldAttr with attr.
            //
            // Start of steps for https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-attributes-replace

            // Step 1. Let element be oldAttribute’s element.
            //
            // Skipped, as that points to self.

            // Step 2. Replace oldAttribute by newAttribute in element’s attribute list.
            self.will_mutate_attr(cx.no_gc(), AttrRef::Dom(attr));
            self.attrs
                .set(position, AttributeEntry::Dom(Dom::from_ref(attr)));
            // Step 3. Set newAttribute’s element to element.
            attr.set_owner(cx, Some(self));
            // Step 4. Set newAttribute’s node document to element’s node document.
            attr.upcast::<Node>().set_owner_doc(&self.node.owner_doc());
            // Step 5. Set oldAttribute’s element to null.
            old_attr.set_owner(cx, None);
            // Step 6. Handle attribute changes for oldAttribute with element, oldAttribute’s value, and newAttribute’s value.
            self.handle_attribute_changes(
                cx,
                AttrRef::Dom(attr),
                Some(&old_attr.value()),
                Some(&AttrValue::String(verified_value.into())),
            );

            Some(old_attr)
        } else {
            // Step 7. Otherwise, append attr to element.
            attr.set_owner(cx, Some(self));
            attr.upcast::<Node>().set_owner_doc(&self.node.owner_doc());
            self.push_attribute(cx, attr);

            None
        };

        // Step 8. Return oldAttr.
        Ok(old_attr)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nonce-attributes>
    pub(crate) fn update_nonce_internal_slot(&self, nonce: String, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.ensure_rare_data(no_gc).cryptographic_nonce = nonce;
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nonce-attributes>
    pub(crate) fn nonce_value(&self) -> String {
        match self.rare_data().as_ref() {
            None => String::new(),
            Some(rare_data) => rare_data.cryptographic_nonce.clone(),
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nonce-attributes>
    pub(crate) fn update_nonce_post_connection(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        // Whenever an element including HTMLOrSVGOrMathMLElement becomes browsing-context connected,
        // the user agent must execute the following steps on the element:
        if !self
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .is_connected_with_browsing_context(cx.no_gc())
        {
            return;
        }
        let global = self.owner_global();
        // Step 1: Let CSP list be element's shadow-including root's policy container's CSP list.
        let csp_list = match global.get_csp_list() {
            None => return,
            Some(csp_list) => csp_list,
        };
        // Step 2: If CSP list contains a header-delivered Content Security Policy,
        // and element has a nonce content attribute whose value is not the empty string, then:
        if !csp_list.contains_a_header_delivered_content_security_policy() ||
            self.get_string_attribute(&local_name!("nonce")).is_empty()
        {
            return;
        }
        // Step 2.1: Let nonce be element's [[CryptographicNonce]].
        let nonce = self.nonce_value();
        // Step 2.2: Set an attribute value for element using "nonce" and the empty string.
        self.set_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("nonce"), DOMString::new());
        // Step 2.3: Set element's [[CryptographicNonce]] to nonce.
        self.update_nonce_internal_slot(nonce, cx.no_gc());
    }

    /// <https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/#is-element-nonceable>
    pub(crate) fn is_nonceable(&self) -> bool {
        // Step 1: If element does not have an attribute named "nonce", return "Not Nonceable".
        if !self.has_attribute(&local_name!("nonce")) {
            return false;
        }
        // Step 2: If element is a script element, then for each attribute of element’s attribute list:
        if self.is::<HTMLScriptElement>() {
            for attr in self.attrs().borrow().iter() {
                // Step 2.1: If attribute’s name contains an ASCII case-insensitive match
                // for "<script" or "<style", return "Not Nonceable".

                // to_ascii_lowercase is already optimized for `LocalName`.
                let attr_name = attr.name().to_ascii_lowercase();
                if attr_name.contains("<script") || attr_name.contains("<style") {
                    return false;
                }
                // Step 2.2: If attribute’s value contains an ASCII case-insensitive match
                // for "<script" or "<style", return "Not Nonceable".
                let attr_value = attr.value();
                let attr_value = string_as_ascii_lowercase(&attr_value);
                if attr_value.contains("<script") || attr_value.contains("<style") {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        // Step 3: If element had a duplicate-attribute parse error during tokenization, return "Not Nonceable".
        if self
            .rare_data()
            .as_ref()
            .is_some_and(|d| d.had_duplicate_attributes)
        {
            return false;
        }
        // Step 4: Return "Nonceable".
        true
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#insert-adjacent>
    pub(crate) fn insert_adjacent(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        where_: AdjacentPosition,
        node: &Node,
    ) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Node>>> {
        let self_node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        match where_ {
            AdjacentPosition::BeforeBegin => {
                if let Some(parent) = self_node.GetParentNode() {
                    Node::pre_insert(cx, node, &parent, Some(self_node)).map(Some)
                } else {
                    Ok(None)
                }
            },
            AdjacentPosition::AfterBegin => {
                Node::pre_insert(cx, node, self_node, self_node.GetFirstChild().as_deref())
                    .map(Some)
            },
            AdjacentPosition::BeforeEnd => Node::pre_insert(cx, node, self_node, None).map(Some),
            AdjacentPosition::AfterEnd => {
                if let Some(parent) = self_node.GetParentNode() {
                    Node::pre_insert(cx, node, &parent, self_node.GetNextSibling().as_deref())
                        .map(Some)
                } else {
                    Ok(None)
                }
            },
        }
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scroll>
    pub(crate) fn scroll(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, x: f64, y: f64, behavior: ScrollBehavior) {
        // Step 1.2. Normalize non-finite values for left and top dictionary members of
        // options, if present.
        // Step 1.3. Normalize non-finite values for x and y.
        // We are delegating the remaining substeps of steps 1 and 2 to the callers.
        let x = if x.is_finite() { x } else { 0.0 } as f32;
        let y = if y.is_finite() { y } else { 0.0 } as f32;

        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();

        // Step 3. Let document be the element’s node document.
        let document = node.owner_doc();

        // Step 4. If document is not the active document, return a promise resolved with
        // a non-interrupted scroll result and abort the remaining steps.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
        if !document.is_fully_active() {
            return;
        }

        // Step 5. Let window be the value of document’s defaultView attribute.
        let Some(window) = document.GetDefaultView() else {
            // Step 6. If window is null, return a promise resolved with a non-interrupted
            // scroll result and abort the remaining steps.
            // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
            return;
        };

        // Step 7. If the element is the root element and document is in quirks mode,
        // return a promise resolved with a non-interrupted scroll result and abort the
        // remaining steps.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
        if *self.root_element() == *self {
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                return;
            }

            // Step 8. If the element is the root element, return the Promise returned by
            // scroll() on window after the method is invoked with scrollX on window as
            // first argument and y as second argument, and abort the remaining steps.
            // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
            window.scroll(cx, x, y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 9. If the element is the body element, document is in quirks mode, and the
        // element is not potentially scrollable in either axis, return the Promise
        // returned by scroll() on window after the method is invoked with options as the
        // only argument, and abort the remaining steps.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
        if document.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>() &&
            document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks &&
            !self.is_potentially_scrollable_body()
        {
            window.scroll(cx, x, y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 10. If the element does not have any associated box, the element has no
        // associated scrolling box, or the element has no overflow, return a promise
        // resolved with a non-interrupted scroll result and abort the remaining steps.
        //
        // TODO: This needs to match the spec a bit more closely with regard to the
        // box and overflow checks.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
        if !self.has_scrolling_box(cx) {
            return;
        }

        // Step 11. Scroll the element to x,y, with the scroll behavior being the value of
        // the behavior dictionary member of options. Let scrollPromise be the Promise
        // returned from this step.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
        window.scroll_an_element(cx, self, x, y, behavior);

        // Step 12. Return scrollPromise.
        // TODO: Implement the promise and smooth scroll behavior.
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#fragment-parsing-algorithm-steps>
    pub(crate) fn parse_fragment(
        &self,
        markup: DOMString,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
    ) -> Fallible<DomRoot<DocumentFragment>> {
        // Steps 1-2.
        // TODO(#11995): XML case.
        let new_children = ServoParser::parse_html_fragment(cx, self, markup, false);
        // Step 3.
        // See https://github.com/w3c/DOM-Parsing/issues/61.
        let context_document = {
            if let Some(template) = self.downcast::<HTMLTemplateElement>() {
                template.Content(cx).upcast::<Node>().owner_doc()
            } else {
                self.owner_document()
            }
        };
        let fragment = DocumentFragment::new(cx, &context_document);
        // Step 4.
        for child in new_children {
            fragment.upcast::<Node>().AppendChild(cx, &child).unwrap();
        }
        // Step 5.
        Ok(fragment)
    }

    /// Step 4 of <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-insertadjacenthtml>
    /// and step 6. of <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-range-createcontextualfragment>
    pub(crate) fn fragment_parsing_context(
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        owner_doc: &Document,
        element: Option<&Self>,
    ) -> DomRoot<Self> {
        // If context is not an Element or all of the following are true:
        match element {
            Some(elem)
                // context's node document is an HTML document;
                // context's local name is "html"; and
                // context's namespace is the HTML namespace,
                if elem.local_name() != &local_name!("html") ||
                    !elem.html_element_in_html_document() =>
            {
                DomRoot::from_ref(elem)
            },
            // set context to the result of creating an element
            // given this's node document, "body", and the HTML namespace.
            _ => Element::create(
                cx,
                QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("body")),
                None,
                owner_doc,
                ElementCreator::ScriptCreated,
                CustomElementCreationMode::Asynchronous,
                None
            ),
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#home-subtree>
    pub(crate) fn is_in_same_home_subtree<T>(&self, other: &T) -> bool
    where
        T: DerivedFrom<Element> + DomObject,
    {
        let other = other.upcast::<Element>();
        self.root_element() == other.root_element()
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_id(&self) -> Option<Atom> {
        self.id_attribute.borrow().clone()
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_name(&self) -> Option<Atom> {
        self.rare_data().as_ref()?.name_attribute.clone()
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_element_internals(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<ElementInternals>> {
        self.rare_data()
            .as_ref()?
            .element_internals
            .as_ref()
            .map(|sr| DomRoot::from_ref(&**sr))
    }

    pub(crate) fn outer_html(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Fallible<DOMString> {
        match self.GetOuterHTML(cx)? {
            TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString::NullIsEmptyString(str) => Ok(str),
            TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString::TrustedHTML(_) => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn compute_source_position(&self, line_number: u32) -> SourcePosition {
        SourcePosition {
            source_file: self.owner_global().get_url().to_string(),
            line_number: line_number + 2,
            column_number: 0,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn explicitly_set_tab_index(&self) -> Option<i32> {
        if self.has_attribute(&local_name!("tabindex")) {
            Some(self.get_int_attribute(&local_name!("tabindex"), 0))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-tabindex>
    pub(crate) fn tab_index(&self) -> i32 {
        // > The tabIndex getter steps are:
        // > 1. Let attribute be this's tabindex attribute.
        // > 2. If attribute is not null:
        // >    1. Let parsedValue be the result of integer parsing attribute's value.
        // >    2. If parsedValue is not an error and is within the long range, then return parsedValue.
        if let Some(tab_index) = self.explicitly_set_tab_index() {
            return tab_index;
        }

        // > 3. Return 0 if this is an a, area, button, frame, iframe, input, object, select, textarea,
        // > or SVG a element, or is a summary element that is a summary for its parent details;
        // > otherwise -1.
        //
        // Note: We do not currently support SVG `a` elements.
        if matches!(
            self.upcast::<Node>().type_id(),
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLAnchorElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLAreaElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLButtonElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLFrameElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLIFrameElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLInputElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLObjectElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLSelectElement |
                    HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLTextAreaElement
            ))
        ) {
            return 0;
        }
        if self
            .downcast::<HTMLElement>()
            .is_some_and(|html_element| html_element.is_a_summary_for_its_parent_details())
        {
            return 0;
        }

        -1
    }

    #[inline]
    fn insert_selector_flags(&self, flags: ElementSelectorFlags) {
        self.selector_flags
            .fetch_or(flags.bits(), Ordering::Relaxed);
    }

    #[inline]
    fn get_selector_flags(&self) -> ElementSelectorFlags {
        ElementSelectorFlags::from_bits_retain(self.selector_flags.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
    }

    /// Custom [`Element`]s and those with mutation observers sometimes need the old style
    /// attribute to persist after modification, because it is sent as an argument to
    /// script callbacks. Normally that's not the case, so this method tries to detect
    /// when it's required so it can be avoided for performance reasons.
    pub(crate) fn needs_preserved_style_attribute_after_change(&self) -> bool {
        // This is a global check for whether any mutation observers are installed on this
        // Document at all. If cloning of the property declaration block (look at the
        // caller of this method), starts showing up in profiles, this check may need to
        // be a bit smarter. For instance, maybe only returning true if any mutation
        // observer is installed on an inclusive ancestor and only if it has an observer
        // with the attribute filter set to include `style`.
        self.owner_window().get_exists_mut_observer() ||
            self.get_custom_element_definition()
                .is_some_and(|custom_element_definition| {
                    custom_element_definition.has_attribute_changed_callback()
                })
    }

    pub(crate) fn register_current_id_and_name_attribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        if let Some(shadow_root) = self.containing_shadow_root() {
            if let Some(ref id) = *self.id_attribute.borrow() {
                shadow_root.register_element_id(self, id);
            }
        } else {
            if let Some(ref id) = *self.id_attribute.borrow() {
                self.owner_document().register_element_id(cx, self, id);
            }
            if let Some(ref name) = self.name_attribute() {
                self.owner_document_unrooted(cx.no_gc())
                    .register_element_name(self, name);
            }
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn unregister_current_id_and_name_attribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        if let Some(shadow_root) = self.containing_shadow_root() {
            // Only unregister the element id if the node was disconnected from it's
            // shadow root (as opposed to the whole shadow tree being disconnected as a
            // whole)
            if self.upcast::<Node>().is_in_a_shadow_tree() {
                return;
            }
            if let Some(ref id) = *self.id_attribute.borrow() {
                shadow_root.unregister_element_id(id);
            }
        } else {
            if let Some(ref id) = *self.id_attribute.borrow() {
                self.owner_document().unregister_element_id(cx, id);
            }
            if let Some(ref name) = self.name_attribute() {
                self.owner_document_unrooted(cx.no_gc())
                    .unregister_element_name(name);
            }
        }
    }

    /// An element's qualified name is its local name if its namespace prefix is null;
    /// otherwise its namespace prefix, followed by ":", followed by its local name.
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-element-qualified-name>
    pub(crate) fn qualified_name(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> {
        match &*self.prefix.borrow() {
            Some(prefix) => Cow::Owned(format!("{}:{}", prefix, &*self.local_name)),
            None => Cow::Borrowed(&*self.local_name),
        }
    }
}

impl ElementMethods<crate::DomTypeHolder> for Element {
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-namespaceuri>
    fn GetNamespaceURI(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        Node::namespace_to_string(self.namespace.clone())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-localname>
    fn LocalName(&self) -> DOMString {
        // FIXME(ajeffrey): Convert directly from LocalName to DOMString
        DOMString::from(&*self.local_name)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-prefix>
    fn GetPrefix(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.prefix
            .borrow()
            .as_ref()
            .map(|p| TracedDOMString::from(p.clone()).root())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-tagname>
    fn TagName(&self) -> DOMString {
        // The tagName getter steps are to return this's HTML-uppercased qualified name.
        //
        // An element's HTML-uppercased qualified name is the return value of these steps:
        let key = TagNameKey {
            prefix: self.prefix.borrow().clone(),
            local_name: self.local_name.clone(),
            html_element_in_html_document: self.html_element_in_html_document(),
        };
        let name = TAG_NAME_CACHE.with(|cache| {
            // Looking a name up makes it the most recently used one.
            if let Some(name) = cache.borrow_mut().get(&key).cloned() {
                return name;
            }
            // 1. Let qualifiedName be this's qualified name.
            let qualified_name = self.qualified_name();
            // 2. If this is in the HTML namespace and its node document is an HTML document,
            //    then return qualifiedName in ASCII uppercase.
            // 3. Return qualifiedName.
            let name = if key.html_element_in_html_document {
                LocalName::from(qualified_name.to_ascii_uppercase())
            } else {
                LocalName::from(&*qualified_name)
            };
            cache.borrow_mut().insert(key, name.clone());
            name
        });
        TracedDOMString::from(name).root()
    }

    // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-id
    // This always returns a string; if you'd rather see None
    // on a null id, call get_id
    fn Id(&self) -> DOMString {
        self.get_string_attribute(&local_name!("id"))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-id>
    fn SetId(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, id: DOMString) {
        self.set_atomic_attribute(cx, &local_name!("id"), id);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-classname>
    fn ClassName(&self) -> DOMString {
        self.get_string_attribute(&local_name!("class"))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-classname>
    fn SetClassName(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, class: DOMString) {
        self.set_tokenlist_attribute(cx, &local_name!("class"), class);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-classlist>
    fn ClassList(&self, cx: &mut js::context::JSContext) -> DomRoot<DOMTokenList> {
        self.class_list
            .or_init(|| DOMTokenList::new(cx, self, &local_name!("class"), None))
    }

    // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-slot
    make_getter!(Slot, "slot");

    // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-slot
    make_setter!(SetSlot, "slot");

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-attributes>
    fn Attributes(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> DomRoot<NamedNodeMap> {
        self.attr_list
            .or_init(|| NamedNodeMap::new(cx, &self.owner_window(), self))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-hasattributes>
    fn HasAttributes(&self) -> bool {
        !self.attrs.borrow().is_empty()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getattributenames>
    fn GetAttributeNames(&self) -> Vec<DOMString> {
        self.attrs
            .borrow()
            .iter()
            .map(|attr| TracedDOMString::from(attr.name().clone()).root())
            .collect()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getattribute>
    fn GetAttribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, name: DOMString) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.GetAttributeNode(cx, name).map(|s| s.Value())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getattributens>
    fn GetAttributeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: Option<DOMString>,
        local_name: DOMString,
    ) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.GetAttributeNodeNS(cx, namespace, local_name)
            .map(|attr| attr.Value())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getattributenode>
    fn GetAttributeNode(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, name: DOMString) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        self.get_attribute_by_name(cx, name)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getattributenodens>
    fn GetAttributeNodeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: Option<DOMString>,
        local_name: DOMString,
    ) -> Option<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        let namespace = &namespace_from_domstring(namespace);
        self.get_attribute_with_namespace(cx, namespace, &LocalName::from(local_name))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-toggleattribute>
    fn ToggleAttribute(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        name: DOMString,
        force: Option<bool>,
    ) -> Fallible<bool> {
        // Step 1. If qualifiedName is not a valid attribute local name,
        //      then throw an "InvalidCharacterError" DOMException.
        if !is_valid_attribute_local_name(&name.str()) {
            return Err(Error::InvalidCharacter(Some(
                "Invalid attribute name".into(),
            )));
        }

        // Step 3.
        let attribute = self.GetAttribute(cx, name.clone());

        // Step 2.
        let name = self.parsed_name(name);
        match attribute {
            // Step 4
            None => match force {
                // Step 4.1.
                None | Some(true) => {
                    self.set_first_matching_attribute(
                        cx,
                        name.clone(),
                        AttrValue::String(String::new()),
                        name.clone(),
                        ns!(),
                        None,
                        |attr| *attr.name() == name,
                    );
                    Ok(true)
                },
                // Step 4.2.
                Some(false) => Ok(false),
            },
            Some(_index) => match force {
                // Step 5.
                None | Some(false) => {
                    self.remove_attribute_by_name(cx, &name);
                    Ok(false)
                },
                // Step 6.
                Some(true) => Ok(true),
            },
        }
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-setattribute>
    fn SetAttribute(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        name: DOMString,
        value: TrustedTypeOrString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1. If qualifiedName does not match the Name production in XML,
        // then throw an "InvalidCharacterError" DOMException.
        if !is_valid_attribute_local_name(&name.str()) {
            return Err(Error::InvalidCharacter(Some(
                "Invalid attribute name".into(),
            )));
        }

        // Step 2. If this is in the HTML namespace and its node document is an HTML document,
        // then set qualifiedName to qualifiedName in ASCII lowercase.
        let name = self.parsed_name(name);

        // Step 3. Let verifiedValue be the result of calling get
        // Trusted Types-compliant attribute value with qualifiedName, null,
        // this, and value. [TRUSTED-TYPES]
        let value = TrustedTypePolicyFactory::get_trusted_types_compliant_attribute_value(
            cx,
            self.namespace(),
            self.local_name(),
            &name,
            None,
            value,
            &self.owner_global(),
        )?;

        // Step 4. Let attribute be the first attribute in this’s attribute list whose qualified name is qualifiedName, and null otherwise.
        // Step 5. If attribute is null, create an attribute whose local name is qualifiedName, value is verifiedValue, and node document
        // is this’s node document, then append this attribute to this, and then return.
        // Step 6. Change attribute to verifiedValue.
        let value = self.parse_attribute(&ns!(), &name, value);
        self.set_first_matching_attribute(
            cx,
            name.clone(),
            value,
            name.clone(),
            ns!(),
            None,
            |attr| *attr.name() == name,
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-setattributens>
    fn SetAttributeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: Option<DOMString>,
        qualified_name: DOMString,
        value: TrustedTypeOrString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1. Let namespace, prefix, and localName be the result of passing namespace and qualifiedName to validate and extract.
        let (namespace, prefix, local_name) =
            domname::validate_and_extract(namespace, &qualified_name, domname::Context::Element)?;
        // Step 2. Let verifiedValue be the result of calling get
        // Trusted Types-compliant attribute value with localName, namespace, element, and value. [TRUSTED-TYPES]
        let value = TrustedTypePolicyFactory::get_trusted_types_compliant_attribute_value(
            cx,
            self.namespace(),
            self.local_name(),
            &local_name,
            Some(&namespace),
            value,
            &self.owner_global(),
        )?;
        // Step 3. Set an attribute value for this using localName, verifiedValue, and also prefix and namespace.
        let value = self.parse_attribute(&namespace, &local_name, value);
        self.set_attribute_with_namespace(
            cx,
            local_name,
            value,
            LocalName::from(qualified_name),
            namespace,
            prefix,
        );
        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-setattributenode>
    fn SetAttributeNode(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, attr: &Attr) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Attr>>> {
        self.set_attribute_node(cx, attr)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-setattributenodens>
    fn SetAttributeNodeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        attr: &Attr,
    ) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Attr>>> {
        self.set_attribute_node(cx, attr)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-removeattribute>
    fn RemoveAttribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, name: DOMString) {
        let name = self.parsed_name(name);
        self.remove_attribute_by_name(cx, &name);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-removeattributens>
    fn RemoveAttributeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: Option<DOMString>,
        local_name: DOMString,
    ) {
        let namespace = namespace_from_domstring(namespace);
        let local_name = LocalName::from(local_name);
        self.remove_attribute(cx, &namespace, &local_name);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-removeattributenode>
    fn RemoveAttributeNode(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, attr: &Attr) -> Fallible<DomRoot<Attr>> {
        // The attr parameter passed here is already a Dom<Attr> that is somewhere present in the DOM,
        // hence already materialized. That means that `as_attr()` will never fail.
        self.remove_first_matching_attribute(cx, |a| a.as_attr().is_some_and(|a| a == attr))
            .ok_or(Error::NotFound(Some(
                "Attribute is not owned by this element".into(),
            )))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-hasattribute>
    fn HasAttribute(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, name: DOMString) -> bool {
        self.GetAttribute(cx, name).is_some()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-hasattributens>
    fn HasAttributeNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        namespace: Option<DOMString>,
        local_name: DOMString,
    ) -> bool {
        self.GetAttributeNS(cx, namespace, local_name).is_some()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getelementsbytagname>
    fn GetElementsByTagName(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        localname: DOMString,
    ) -> DomRoot<HTMLCollection> {
        let window = self.owner_window();
        HTMLCollection::by_qualified_name(cx, &window, self.upcast(), LocalName::from(localname))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getelementsbytagnamens>
    fn GetElementsByTagNameNS(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        maybe_ns: Option<DOMString>,
        localname: DOMString,
    ) -> DomRoot<HTMLCollection> {
        let window = self.owner_window();
        HTMLCollection::by_tag_name_ns(cx, &window, self.upcast(), localname, maybe_ns)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-getelementsbyclassname>
    fn GetElementsByClassName(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        classes: DOMString,
    ) -> DomRoot<HTMLCollection> {
        let window = self.owner_window();
        HTMLCollection::by_class_name(cx, &window, self.upcast(), classes)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-getclientrects>
    fn GetClientRects(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> DomRoot<DOMRectList> {
        let win = self.owner_window();
        let raw_rects = self.upcast::<Node>().border_boxes(cx);
        let rects: Vec<DomRoot<DOMRect>> = raw_rects
            .into_iter()
            .map(|rect| {
                DOMRect::new(
                    cx,
                    win.upcast(),
                    rect.origin.x.to_f64_px(),
                    rect.origin.y.to_f64_px(),
                    rect.size.width.to_f64_px(),
                    rect.size.height.to_f64_px(),
                )
            })
            .collect();
        DOMRectList::new(cx, &win, rects)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-getboundingclientrect>
    fn GetBoundingClientRect(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> DomRoot<DOMRect> {
        let win = self.owner_window();
        let rect = self.upcast::<Node>().border_box(cx).unwrap_or_default();
        debug_assert!(rect.size.width.to_f64_px() >= 0.0 && rect.size.height.to_f64_px() >= 0.0);
        DOMRect::new(
            cx,
            win.upcast(),
            rect.origin.x.to_f64_px(),
            rect.origin.y.to_f64_px(),
            rect.size.width.to_f64_px(),
            rect.size.height.to_f64_px(),
        )
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scroll>
    fn Scroll(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, options: &ScrollToOptions) {
        // Step 1
        let left = options.left.unwrap_or(self.ScrollLeft(cx));
        let top = options.top.unwrap_or(self.ScrollTop(cx));
        self.scroll(cx, left, top, options.parent.behavior);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scroll>
    fn Scroll_(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, x: f64, y: f64) {
        self.scroll(cx, x, y, ScrollBehavior::Auto);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollto>
    fn ScrollTo(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, options: &ScrollToOptions) {
        self.Scroll(cx, options);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollto>
    fn ScrollTo_(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, x: f64, y: f64) {
        self.Scroll_(cx, x, y);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollby>
    fn ScrollBy(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, options: &ScrollToOptions) {
        // Step 2
        let delta_left = options.left.unwrap_or(0.0f64);
        let delta_top = options.top.unwrap_or(0.0f64);
        let left = self.ScrollLeft(cx);
        let top = self.ScrollTop(cx);
        self.scroll(
            cx,
            left + delta_left,
            top + delta_top,
            options.parent.behavior,
        );
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollby>
    fn ScrollBy_(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, x: f64, y: f64) {
        let left = self.ScrollLeft(cx);
        let top = self.ScrollTop(cx);
        self.scroll(cx, left + x, top + y, ScrollBehavior::Auto);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrolltop>
    fn ScrollTop(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> f64 {
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();

        // Step 1. Let document be the element’s node document.
        let document = node.owner_doc();

        // Step 2. If document is not the active document, return zero and terminate these
        // steps.
        if !document.is_fully_active() {
            return 0.0;
        }

        // Step 3. Let window be the value of document’s defaultView attribute.
        let Some(window) = document.GetDefaultView() else {
            // Step 4. If window is null, return zero and terminate these steps.
            return 0.0;
        };

        if self.is_document_element() {
            // Step 5. If the element is the root element and document is in quirks mode,
            // return zero and terminate these steps.
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                return 0.0;
            }

            // Step 6. If the element is the root element return the value of scrollY on
            // window.
            return window.ScrollY(cx) as f64;
        }

        // Step 7. If the element is the body element, document is in quirks mode, and the
        // element is not potentially scrollable in at least one axis, return the value of
        // scrollY on window.
        if document.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>() &&
            document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks &&
            !self.is_potentially_scrollable_body()
        {
            return window.ScrollY(cx) as f64;
        }

        // Step 8. If the element does not have any associated box, return zero and
        // terminate these steps.
        if !self.has_css_layout_box() {
            return 0.0;
        }

        // Step 9. Return the y-coordinate of the scrolling area at the alignment point
        // with the top of the padding edge of the element.
        let point = window.scroll_offset_query(cx, node);
        point.y.abs() as f64
    }

    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrolltop
    fn SetScrollTop(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, y_: f64) {
        let behavior = ScrollBehavior::Auto;

        // Step 1. Let y be the given value.
        // Step 2. Normalize non-finite values for y.
        let y = if y_.is_finite() { y_ } else { 0.0 } as f32;

        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();

        // Step 3. Let document be the element’s node document.
        let document = node.owner_doc();

        // Step 4. If document is not the active document, terminate these steps.
        if !document.is_fully_active() {
            return;
        }

        // Step 5. Let window be the value of document’s defaultView attribute.
        let Some(window) = document.GetDefaultView() else {
            // Step 6. If window is null, terminate these steps.
            return;
        };

        if self.is_document_element() {
            // Step 7. If the element is the root element and document is in quirks mode,
            // terminate these steps.
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                return;
            }

            // Step 8. If the element is the root element invoke scroll() on window with
            // scrollX on window as first argument and y as second argument, and terminate
            // these steps.
            let window_scroll_x = window.ScrollX(cx) as f32;
            window.scroll(cx, window_scroll_x, y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 9. If the element is the body element, document is in quirks mode, and the
        // element is not potentially scrollable in at least one axis, invoke scroll() on
        // window with scrollX as first argument and y as second argument, and terminate
        // these steps.
        if document.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>() &&
            document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks &&
            !self.is_potentially_scrollable_body()
        {
            let window_scroll_x = window.ScrollX(cx) as f32;
            window.scroll(cx, window_scroll_x, y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 10. If the element does not have any associated box, the element has no
        // associated scrolling box, or the element has no overflow, terminate these
        // steps.
        if !self.has_scrolling_box(cx) {
            return;
        }

        // Step 11. Scroll the element to scrollLeft,y, with the scroll behavior being
        // "auto".
        let element_scroll_left = self.ScrollLeft(cx) as f32;
        window.scroll_an_element(cx, self, element_scroll_left, y, behavior);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollleft>
    fn ScrollLeft(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> f64 {
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();

        // Step 1. Let document be the element’s node document.
        let document = node.owner_doc();

        // Step 2. If document is not the active document, return zero and terminate these
        // steps.
        if !document.is_fully_active() {
            return 0.0;
        }

        // Step 3. Let window be the value of document’s defaultView attribute.
        // Step 4. If window is null, return zero and terminate these steps.
        let Some(window) = document.GetDefaultView() else {
            return 0.0;
        };

        if self.is_document_element() {
            // Step 5. If the element is the root element and document is in quirks mode,
            // return zero and terminate these steps.
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                return 0.0;
            }

            // Step 6. If the element is the root element return the value of scrollX on window.
            return window.ScrollX(cx) as f64;
        }

        // Step 7. If the element is the body element, document is in quirks mode, and the
        // element is not potentially scrollable in at least one axis, return the value of
        // scrollX on window.
        if document.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>() &&
            document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks &&
            !self.is_potentially_scrollable_body()
        {
            return window.ScrollX(cx) as f64;
        }

        // Step 8. If the element does not have any associated box, return zero and
        // terminate these steps.
        if !self.has_css_layout_box() {
            return 0.0;
        }

        // Step 9. Return the x-coordinate of the scrolling area at the alignment point
        // with the left of the padding edge of the element.
        let point = window.scroll_offset_query(cx, node);
        point.x.abs() as f64
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollleft>
    fn SetScrollLeft(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, x: f64) {
        let behavior = ScrollBehavior::Auto;

        // Step 1. Let x be the given value.
        // Step 2. Normalize non-finite values for x.
        let x = if x.is_finite() { x } else { 0.0 } as f32;

        // Step 3. Let document be the element’s node document.
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        let document = node.owner_doc();

        // Step 4. If document is not the active document, terminate these steps.
        if !document.is_fully_active() {
            return;
        }

        // Step 5. Let window be the value of document’s defaultView attribute.
        let Some(window) = document.GetDefaultView() else {
            // Step 6. If window is null, terminate these steps.
            return;
        };

        if self.is_document_element() {
            // Step 7. If the element is the root element and document is in quirks mode,
            // terminate these steps.
            if document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks {
                return;
            }

            // Step 8. If the element is the root element invoke scroll() on window with x
            // as first argument and scrollY on window as second argument, and terminate
            // these steps.
            let window_scroll_y = window.ScrollY(cx) as f32;
            window.scroll(cx, x, window_scroll_y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 9. If the element is the body element, document is in quirks mode, and the
        // element is not potentially scrollable in at least one axis, invoke scroll() on
        // window with x as first argument and scrollY on window as second argument, and
        // terminate these steps.
        if document.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>() &&
            document.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks &&
            !self.is_potentially_scrollable_body()
        {
            let window_scroll_y = window.ScrollY(cx) as f32;
            window.scroll(cx, x, window_scroll_y, behavior);
            return;
        }

        // Step 10. If the element does not have any associated box, the element has no
        // associated scrolling box, or the element has no overflow, terminate these
        // steps.
        if !self.has_scrolling_box(cx) {
            return;
        }

        // Step 11. Scroll the element to x,scrollTop, with the scroll behavior being
        // "auto".
        let element_scroll_top = self.ScrollTop(cx) as f32;
        window.scroll_an_element(cx, self, x, element_scroll_top, behavior);
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollintoview>
    fn ScrollIntoView(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, arg: BooleanOrScrollIntoViewOptions) {
        let (behavior, block, inline, container) = match arg {
            // If arg is true:
            BooleanOrScrollIntoViewOptions::Boolean(true) => (
                ScrollBehavior::Auto,           // Step 1: Let behavior be "auto".
                ScrollLogicalPosition::Start,   // Step 2: Let block be "start".
                ScrollLogicalPosition::Nearest, // Step 3: Let inline be "nearest".
                None,                           // Step 4: Let container be null.
            ),
            // Step 5: If arg is a ScrollIntoViewOptions dictionary, set its properties
            // to the corresponding values in the dictionary.
            BooleanOrScrollIntoViewOptions::ScrollIntoViewOptions(options) => (
                options.parent.behavior,
                options.block,
                options.inline,
                // Step 5.4: If the container dictionary member of options is "nearest",
                // set container to the element.
                if options.container == ScrollIntoViewContainer::Nearest {
                    Some(self)
                } else {
                    None
                },
            ),
            // Step 6: Otherwise, if arg is false, then set block to "end".
            BooleanOrScrollIntoViewOptions::Boolean(false) => (
                ScrollBehavior::Auto,
                ScrollLogicalPosition::End,
                ScrollLogicalPosition::Nearest,
                None,
            ),
        };

        // Step 7: If the element does not have any associated box, or is not
        //         available to user-agent features, then return.
        if !self.has_css_layout_box() {
            return;
        }

        // Step 8: Scroll the element into view with behavior, block, inline, and container.
        self.scroll_into_view_with_options(
            cx,
            behavior,
            ScrollAxisState::new_always_scroll_position(block),
            ScrollAxisState::new_always_scroll_position(inline),
            container,
            None,
        );

        // Step 9: Optionally perform some other action that brings the
        // element to the user’s attention.
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollwidth>
    fn ScrollWidth(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.upcast::<Node>().scroll_area(cx).size.width
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-scrollheight>
    fn ScrollHeight(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.upcast::<Node>().scroll_area(cx).size.height
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-clienttop>
    fn ClientTop(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.client_rect(cx).origin.y
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-clientleft>
    fn ClientLeft(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.client_rect(cx).origin.x
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-clientwidth>
    fn ClientWidth(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.client_rect(cx).size.width
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-clientheight>
    fn ClientHeight(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> i32 {
        self.client_rect(cx).size.height
    }

    // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#dom-element-currentcsszoom
    fn CurrentCSSZoom(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Finite<f64> {
        let window = self.owner_window();
        Finite::wrap(window.current_css_zoom_query(cx, self.upcast::<Node>()) as f64)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-sethtmlunsafe>
    fn SetHTMLUnsafe(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        html: TrustedHTMLOrString,
        options: &SetHTMLUnsafeOptions,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1. Let compliantHTML be the result of invoking the
        // Get Trusted Type compliant string algorithm with TrustedHTML,
        // this's relevant global object, html, "Element setHTMLUnsafe", and "script".
        let compliant_html = TrustedHTML::get_trusted_type_compliant_string(
            cx,
            &self.owner_global(),
            html,
            "Element setHTMLUnsafe",
        )?;
        // Step 2. Let target be this's template contents if this is a template element; otherwise this.
        let target = if let Some(template) = self.downcast::<HTMLTemplateElement>() {
            DomRoot::upcast(template.Content(cx))
        } else {
            DomRoot::from_ref(self.upcast())
        };

        // Step 3. Set and filter HTML given target, this, compliantHTML, options, and false.
        Sanitizer::set_and_filter_html(cx, &target, self, compliant_html, options, false)?;

        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://wicg.github.io/sanitizer-api/#dom-element-sethtml>
    fn SetHTML(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        html: DOMString,
        options: &SetHTMLOptions,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1. Let target be this’s template contents if this is a template; otherwise this.
        let target = if let Some(template) = self.downcast::<HTMLTemplateElement>() {
            DomRoot::upcast(template.Content(cx))
        } else {
            DomRoot::from_ref(self.upcast())
        };

        // Step 2. Set and filter HTML given target, this, html, options, and true.
        Sanitizer::set_and_filter_html(cx, &target, self, html, options, true)
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-gethtml>
    fn GetHTML(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, options: &GetHTMLOptions) -> DOMString {
        // > Element's getHTML(options) method steps are to return the result of HTML fragment serialization
        // > algorithm with this, options["serializableShadowRoots"], and options["shadowRoots"].
        self.upcast::<Node>().html_serialize(
            cx,
            TraversalScope::ChildrenOnly(None),
            options.serializableShadowRoots,
            options.shadowRoots.clone(),
        )
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-innerhtml>
    fn GetInnerHTML(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Fallible<TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString> {
        let qname = QualName::new(
            self.prefix().clone(),
            self.namespace().clone(),
            self.local_name().clone(),
        );

        // FIXME: This should use the fragment serialization algorithm, which takes
        // care of distinguishing between html/xml documents
        let result = if self.owner_document().is_html_document() {
            self.upcast::<Node>()
                .html_serialize(cx, ChildrenOnly(Some(qname)), false, vec![])
        } else {
            self.upcast::<Node>()
                .xml_serialize(XmlChildrenOnly(Some(qname)))?
        };

        Ok(TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString::NullIsEmptyString(result))
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-innerhtml>
    fn SetInnerHTML(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        value: TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1: Let compliantString be the result of invoking the
        // Get Trusted Type compliant string algorithm with TrustedHTML,
        // this's relevant global object, the given value, "Element innerHTML", and "script".
        let value = TrustedHTML::get_trusted_type_compliant_string(
            cx,
            &self.owner_global(),
            value.convert(),
            "Element innerHTML",
        )?;
        // https://github.com/w3c/DOM-Parsing/issues/1
        let target = if let Some(template) = self.downcast::<HTMLTemplateElement>() {
            // Step 4: If context is a template element, then set context to
            // the template element's template contents (a DocumentFragment).
            DomRoot::upcast(template.Content(cx))
        } else {
            // Step 2: Let context be this.
            DomRoot::from_ref(self.upcast())
        };

        // Fast path for when the value is small, doesn't contain any markup and doesn't require
        // extra work to set innerHTML.
        if !self.node.has_weird_parser_insertion_mode() &&
            value.len_utf8_or_latin1() < 100 &&
            !value
                .as_bytes(cx.no_gc())
                .iter()
                .any(|c| matches!(*c, b'&' | b'\0' | b'<' | b'\r'))
        {
            return Node::SetTextContent(&target, cx, Some(value));
        }

        // Step 3: Let fragment be the result of invoking the fragment parsing algorithm steps
        // with context and compliantString.
        let frag = self.parse_fragment(value, cx)?;

        // Step 5: Replace all with fragment within context.
        Node::replace_all(cx, Some(frag.upcast()), &target);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-outerhtml>
    fn GetOuterHTML(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Fallible<TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString> {
        // FIXME: This should use the fragment serialization algorithm, which takes
        // care of distinguishing between html/xml documents
        let result = if self.owner_document().is_html_document() {
            self.upcast::<Node>()
                .html_serialize(cx, IncludeNode, false, vec![])
        } else {
            self.upcast::<Node>().xml_serialize(XmlIncludeNode)?
        };

        Ok(TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString::NullIsEmptyString(result))
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#dom-element-outerhtml>
    fn SetOuterHTML(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        value: TrustedHTMLOrNullIsEmptyString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1: Let compliantString be the result of invoking the
        // Get Trusted Type compliant string algorithm with TrustedHTML,
        // this's relevant global object, the given value, "Element outerHTML", and "script".
        let value = TrustedHTML::get_trusted_type_compliant_string(
            cx,
            &self.owner_global(),
            value.convert(),
            "Element outerHTML",
        )?;
        let context_document = self.owner_document();
        let context_node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        // Step 2: Let parent be this's parent.
        let context_parent = match context_node.GetParentNode() {
            None => {
                // Step 3: If parent is null, return. There would be no way to
                // obtain a reference to the nodes created even if the remaining steps were run.
                return Ok(());
            },
            Some(parent) => parent,
        };

        let parent = match context_parent.type_id() {
            // Step 4: If parent is a Document, throw a "NoModificationAllowedError" DOMException.
            NodeTypeId::Document(_) => {
                return Err(Error::NoModificationAllowed(Some(
                    "Parent is a Document".into(),
                )));
            },

            // Step 5: If parent is a DocumentFragment, set parent to the result of
            // creating an element given this's node document, "body", and the HTML namespace.
            NodeTypeId::DocumentFragment(_) => {
                let body_elem = Element::create(
                    cx,
                    QualName::new(None, ns!(html), local_name!("body")),
                    None,
                    &context_document,
                    ElementCreator::ScriptCreated,
                    CustomElementCreationMode::Synchronous,
                    None,
                );
                DomRoot::upcast(body_elem)
            },
            _ => context_node.GetParentElement().unwrap(),
        };

        // Step 6: Let fragment be the result of invoking the
        // fragment parsing algorithm steps given parent and compliantString.
        let frag = parent.parse_fragment(value, cx)?;
        // Step 7: Replace this with fragment within this's parent.
        context_parent.ReplaceChild(cx, frag.upcast(), context_node)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-nondocumenttypechildnode-previouselementsibling>
    fn GetPreviousElementSibling(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<Element>> {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .preceding_siblings()
            .find_map(DomRoot::downcast)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-nondocumenttypechildnode-nextelementsibling>
    fn GetNextElementSibling(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<Element>> {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .following_siblings()
            .find_map(DomRoot::downcast)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-children>
    fn Children(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> DomRoot<HTMLCollection> {
        let window = self.owner_window();
        HTMLCollection::children(cx, &window, self.upcast())
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-firstelementchild>
    fn GetFirstElementChild(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<Element>> {
        self.upcast::<Node>().child_elements().next()
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-lastelementchild>
    fn GetLastElementChild(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<Element>> {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .rev_children()
            .find_map(DomRoot::downcast::<Element>)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-childelementcount>
    fn ChildElementCount(&self) -> u32 {
        self.upcast::<Node>().child_elements().count() as u32
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-prepend>
    fn Prepend(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().prepend(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-append>
    fn Append(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().append(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-replacechildren>
    fn ReplaceChildren(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().replace_children(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-movebefore>
    fn MoveBefore(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, node: &Node, child: Option<&Node>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().move_before(cx, node, child)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-queryselector>
    fn QuerySelector(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        selectors: DOMString,
    ) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Element>>> {
        let root = self.upcast::<Node>();
        root.query_selector(cx.no_gc(), selectors)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-parentnode-queryselectorall>
    fn QuerySelectorAll(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        selectors: DOMString,
    ) -> Fallible<DomRoot<NodeList>> {
        let root = self.upcast::<Node>();
        root.query_selector_all(cx, selectors)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-childnode-before>
    fn Before(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().before(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-childnode-after>
    fn After(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().after(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-childnode-replacewith>
    fn ReplaceWith(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, nodes: Vec<NodeOrString>) -> ErrorResult {
        self.upcast::<Node>().replace_with(cx, nodes)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-childnode-remove>
    fn Remove(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        self.upcast::<Node>().remove_self(cx);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-matches>
    #[cfg_attr(crown, allow(crown::unrooted_must_root))]
    fn Matches(&self, selectors: DOMString) -> Fallible<bool> {
        let document = self.owner_document();
        let url = document.url();
        let selectors = match SelectorParser::parse_author_origin_no_namespace(
            &selectors.str(),
            &UrlExtraData(url.get_arc()),
        ) {
            Err(_) => {
                return Err(Error::Syntax(
                    format!("'{selectors}' is not a valid selector").into(),
                ));
            },
            Ok(selectors) => selectors,
        };

        // SAFETY: traced_self is unrooted, but we have a reference to "self" so it won't be freed.
        let traced_self = Dom::from_ref(self);
        let quirks_mode = document.quirks_mode();
        Ok(with_layout_state(|| {
            #[expect(unsafe_code)]
            let layout_element: LayoutDom<'_, _> = unsafe { traced_self.to_layout() };
            dom_apis::element_matches(
                &ServoDangerousStyleElement::from(layout_element.upcast()),
                &selectors,
                quirks_mode,
            )
        }))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-webkitmatchesselector>
    fn WebkitMatchesSelector(&self, selectors: DOMString) -> Fallible<bool> {
        self.Matches(selectors)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-closest>
    #[cfg_attr(crown, allow(crown::unrooted_must_root))]
    fn Closest(&self, selectors: DOMString) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Element>>> {
        let document = self.owner_document();
        let url = document.url();
        let selectors = match SelectorParser::parse_author_origin_no_namespace(
            &selectors.str(),
            &UrlExtraData(url.get_arc()),
        ) {
            Err(_) => return Err(Error::Syntax(Some("Invalid selector".into()))),
            Ok(selectors) => selectors,
        };

        // SAFETY: traced_self is unrooted, but we have a reference to "self" so it won't be freed.
        let traced_self = Dom::from_ref(self);
        let quirks_mode = document.quirks_mode();
        let closest_element = with_layout_state(|| {
            #[expect(unsafe_code)]
            let layout_element: LayoutDom<'_, _> = unsafe { traced_self.to_layout() };
            dom_apis::element_closest(
                ServoDangerousStyleElement::from(layout_element.upcast()),
                &selectors,
                quirks_mode,
            )
        });
        Ok(closest_element.map(ServoDangerousStyleElement::rooted))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-insertadjacentelement>
    fn InsertAdjacentElement(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        where_: DOMString,
        element: &Element,
    ) -> Fallible<Option<DomRoot<Element>>> {
        let where_ = where_.parse::<AdjacentPosition>()?;
        let inserted_node = self.insert_adjacent(cx, where_, element.upcast())?;
        Ok(inserted_node.map(|node| DomRoot::downcast(node).unwrap()))
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-insertadjacenttext>
    fn InsertAdjacentText(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        where_: DOMString,
        data: DOMString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1.
        let text = Text::new(cx, data, &self.owner_document());

        // Step 2.
        let where_ = where_.parse::<AdjacentPosition>()?;
        self.insert_adjacent(cx, where_, text.upcast()).map(|_| ())
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/DOM-Parsing/#dom-element-insertadjacenthtml>
    fn InsertAdjacentHTML(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        position: DOMString,
        text: TrustedHTMLOrString,
    ) -> ErrorResult {
        // Step 1: Let compliantString be the result of invoking the
        // Get Trusted Type compliant string algorithm with TrustedHTML,
        // this's relevant global object, string, "Element insertAdjacentHTML", and "script".
        let text = TrustedHTML::get_trusted_type_compliant_string(
            cx,
            &self.owner_global(),
            text,
            "Element insertAdjacentHTML",
        )?;
        let position = position.parse::<AdjacentPosition>()?;

        // Step 2: Let context be null.
        // Step 3: Use the first matching item from this list:
        let context = match position {
            // If position is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "beforebegin"
            // If position is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "afterend"
            AdjacentPosition::BeforeBegin | AdjacentPosition::AfterEnd => {
                match self.upcast::<Node>().GetParentNode() {
                    // Step 3.2: If context is null or a Document, throw a "NoModificationAllowedError" DOMException.
                    Some(ref node) if node.is::<Document>() => {
                        return Err(Error::NoModificationAllowed(Some(
                            "Parent is a Document".into(),
                        )));
                    },
                    None => {
                        return Err(Error::NoModificationAllowed(Some(
                            "Element has no parent".into(),
                        )));
                    },
                    // Step 3.1: Set context to this's parent.
                    Some(node) => node,
                }
            },
            // If position is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "afterbegin"
            // If position is an ASCII case-insensitive match for the string "beforeend"
            AdjacentPosition::AfterBegin | AdjacentPosition::BeforeEnd => {
                // Set context to this.
                DomRoot::from_ref(self.upcast::<Node>())
            },
        };

        // Step 4.
        let context = Element::fragment_parsing_context(
            cx,
            &context.owner_doc(),
            context.downcast::<Element>(),
        );

        // Step 5: Let fragment be the result of invoking the
        // fragment parsing algorithm steps with context and compliantString.
        let fragment = context.parse_fragment(text, cx)?;

        // Step 6.
        self.insert_adjacent(cx, position, fragment.upcast())
            .map(|_| ())
    }

    // check-tidy: no specs after this line
    fn EnterFormalActivationState(&self, cx: &JSContext) -> ErrorResult {
        match self.as_maybe_activatable() {
            Some(a) => {
                a.enter_formal_activation_state(cx.no_gc());
                Ok(())
            },
            None => Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(
                "Element is not activatable".into(),
            ))),
        }
    }

    fn ExitFormalActivationState(&self, cx: &JSContext) -> ErrorResult {
        match self.as_maybe_activatable() {
            Some(a) => {
                a.exit_formal_activation_state(cx.no_gc());
                Ok(())
            },
            None => Err(Error::NotSupported(Some(
                "Element is not activatable".into(),
            ))),
        }
    }

    /// <https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-requestfullscreen>
    fn RequestFullscreen(&self, cx: &mut CurrentRealm) -> RootedPromise {
        let doc = self.owner_document();
        doc.enter_fullscreen(cx, self)
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/pointerevents/#dom-element-setpointercapture>
    fn SetPointerCapture(&self, pointer_id: i32) -> ErrorResult {
        let document = self.owner_document();
        let event_handler = document.event_handler();

        // Step 1. If the pointerId provided as the method's argument does not match any of
        // the active pointers, then throw a DOMException with the name "NotFoundError".
        //
        // Note: "active pointers" is global across documents. We can only cheaply check
        // active pointers in this element's document. If the pointer is active in another
        // document (e.g., parent/child frame), step 5 below will silently terminate.
        // We intentionally do not throw here in that case to avoid being stricter than
        // the spec.

        // Step 2. If the element is not connected, throw a "InvalidStateError" DOMException.
        if !self.upcast::<Node>().is_connected() {
            return Err(Error::InvalidState(Some(
                "Can't capture pointer on an unconnected element".into(),
            )));
        }

        // Step 3. If this method is invoked while the document has a locked element
        // (pointerLockElement), throw an "InvalidStateError" DOMException.
        // TODO: Implement when pointer lock is supported.

        // Step 4/5. If the pointer is not in the active buttons state or the element's
        // node document is not the active document of the pointer, then terminate these
        // steps. `is_active_pointer` on this document covers both conditions: it returns
        // true only when the pointer is in the active buttons state in *this* document,
        // which implies this document is the pointer's active document.
        if !event_handler.is_active_pointer(pointer_id) {
            return Ok(());
        }

        // Step 6. For the specified pointerId, set the pending pointer capture target
        // override to the Element on which this method was invoked.
        event_handler.set_pending_pointer_capture(pointer_id, self);

        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/pointerevents/#dom-element-releasepointercapture>
    fn ReleasePointerCapture(&self, pointer_id: i32) -> ErrorResult {
        let document = self.owner_document();
        let event_handler = document.event_handler();

        // Step 1. If the pointerId provided as the method's argument does not match any of
        // the active pointers and these steps are not being invoked as a result of the
        // implicit release of pointer capture, then throw a DOMException with the name "NotFoundError".
        if !event_handler.is_active_pointer(pointer_id) {
            return Err(Error::NotFound(Some(
                "Can't release a pointer that is not active".into(),
            )));
        }

        // Step 2. If hasPointerCapture is false for the Element with the specified pointerId,
        // then terminate these steps.
        if !event_handler.has_pointer_capture(pointer_id, self) {
            return Ok(());
        }

        // Step 3. For the specified pointerId, clear the pending pointer capture target override.
        event_handler.clear_pending_pointer_capture(pointer_id);

        Ok(())
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/pointerevents/#dom-element-haspointercapture>
    fn HasPointerCapture(&self, pointer_id: i32) -> bool {
        let document = self.owner_document();
        let event_handler = document.event_handler();
        event_handler.has_pointer_capture(pointer_id, self)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-attachshadow>
    fn AttachShadow(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        init: &ShadowRootInit,
    ) -> Fallible<DomRoot<ShadowRoot>> {
        // Step 1. Run attach a shadow root with this, init["mode"], init["clonable"], init["serializable"],
        // init["delegatesFocus"], and init["slotAssignment"].
        let shadow_root = self.attach_shadow(
            cx,
            IsUserAgentWidget::No,
            init.mode,
            init.clonable,
            init.serializable,
            init.delegatesFocus,
            init.slotAssignment,
        )?;

        // Step 2. Return this’s shadow root.
        Ok(shadow_root)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-shadowroot>
    fn GetShadowRoot(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<ShadowRoot>> {
        // Step 1. Let shadow be this’s shadow root.
        let shadow_or_none = self.shadow_root();

        // Step 2. If shadow is null or its mode is "closed", then return null.
        let shadow = shadow_or_none?;
        if shadow.Mode() == ShadowRootMode::Closed {
            return None;
        }

        // Step 3. Return shadow.
        Some(shadow)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-customelementregistry>
    fn GetCustomElementRegistry(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<CustomElementRegistry>> {
        // The customElementRegistry getter steps are to return this’s custom element registry.
        self.custom_element_registry()
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/aria/#ref-for-dom-ariamixin-role-1>
    fn GetRole(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("role"))
    }

    /// <https://w3c.github.io/aria/#ref-for-dom-ariamixin-role-1>
    fn SetRole(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_tokenlist_attribute(cx, &local_name!("role"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaAtomic(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-atomic"))
    }

    fn SetAriaAtomic(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-atomic"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaAutoComplete(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-autocomplete"))
    }

    fn SetAriaAutoComplete(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-autocomplete"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaBrailleLabel(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-braillelabel"))
    }

    fn SetAriaBrailleLabel(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-braillelabel"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaBrailleRoleDescription(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-brailleroledescription"))
    }

    fn SetAriaBrailleRoleDescription(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-brailleroledescription"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaBusy(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-busy"))
    }

    fn SetAriaBusy(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-busy"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaChecked(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-checked"))
    }

    fn SetAriaChecked(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-checked"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaColCount(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-colcount"))
    }

    fn SetAriaColCount(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-colcount"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaColIndex(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-colindex"))
    }

    fn SetAriaColIndex(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-colindex"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaColIndexText(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-colindextext"))
    }

    fn SetAriaColIndexText(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-colindextext"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaColSpan(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-colspan"))
    }

    fn SetAriaColSpan(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-colspan"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaCurrent(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-current"))
    }

    fn SetAriaCurrent(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-current"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaDescription(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-description"))
    }

    fn SetAriaDescription(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-description"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaDisabled(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-disabled"))
    }

    fn SetAriaDisabled(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-disabled"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaExpanded(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-expanded"))
    }

    fn SetAriaExpanded(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-expanded"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaHasPopup(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-haspopup"))
    }

    fn SetAriaHasPopup(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-haspopup"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaHidden(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-hidden"))
    }

    fn SetAriaHidden(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-hidden"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaInvalid(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-invalid"))
    }

    fn SetAriaInvalid(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-invalid"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaKeyShortcuts(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-keyshortcuts"))
    }

    fn SetAriaKeyShortcuts(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-keyshortcuts"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaLabel(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-label"))
    }

    fn SetAriaLabel(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-label"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaLevel(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-level"))
    }

    fn SetAriaLevel(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-level"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaLive(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-live"))
    }

    fn SetAriaLive(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-live"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaModal(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-modal"))
    }

    fn SetAriaModal(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-modal"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaMultiLine(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-multiline"))
    }

    fn SetAriaMultiLine(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-multiline"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaMultiSelectable(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-multiselectable"))
    }

    fn SetAriaMultiSelectable(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-multiselectable"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaOrientation(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-orientation"))
    }

    fn SetAriaOrientation(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-orientation"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaPlaceholder(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-placeholder"))
    }

    fn SetAriaPlaceholder(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-placeholder"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaPosInSet(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-posinset"))
    }

    fn SetAriaPosInSet(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-posinset"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaPressed(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-pressed"))
    }

    fn SetAriaPressed(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-pressed"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaReadOnly(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-readonly"))
    }

    fn SetAriaReadOnly(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-readonly"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRelevant(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-relevant"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRelevant(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-relevant"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRequired(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-required"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRequired(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-required"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRoleDescription(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-roledescription"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRoleDescription(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-roledescription"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRowCount(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-rowcount"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRowCount(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-rowcount"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRowIndex(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-rowindex"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRowIndex(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-rowindex"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRowIndexText(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-rowindextext"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRowIndexText(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-rowindextext"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaRowSpan(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-rowspan"))
    }

    fn SetAriaRowSpan(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-rowspan"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaSelected(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-selected"))
    }

    fn SetAriaSelected(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-selected"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaSetSize(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-setsize"))
    }

    fn SetAriaSetSize(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-setsize"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaSort(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-sort"))
    }

    fn SetAriaSort(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-sort"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaValueMax(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-valuemax"))
    }

    fn SetAriaValueMax(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-valuemax"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaValueMin(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-valuemin"))
    }

    fn SetAriaValueMin(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-valuemin"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaValueNow(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-valuenow"))
    }

    fn SetAriaValueNow(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-valuenow"), value);
    }

    fn GetAriaValueText(&self) -> Option<DOMString> {
        self.get_nullable_string_attribute(&local_name!("aria-valuetext"))
    }

    fn SetAriaValueText(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, value: Option<DOMString>) {
        self.set_nullable_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("aria-valuetext"), value);
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-slotable-assignedslot>
    fn GetAssignedSlot(&self, cx: &JSContext) -> Option<DomRoot<HTMLSlotElement>> {
        // > The assignedSlot getter steps are to return the result of
        // > find a slot given this and with the open flag set.
        rooted!(&in(cx) let slottable = Slottable(Dom::from_ref(self.upcast::<Node>())));
        slottable.find_a_slot(cx.no_gc(), true)
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/css-shadow-parts/#dom-element-part>
    fn Part(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> DomRoot<DOMTokenList> {
        let Some(part) = self.rare_data().as_ref().and_then(|data| data.part.get()) else {
            let part = DOMTokenList::new(cx, self, &local_name!("part"), None);
            self.ensure_rare_data(cx.no_gc()).part.set(Some(&*part));
            return part;
        };
        part
    }

    /// <https://drafts.csswg.org/web-animations-1/#dom-animatable-animate>
    fn Animate(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        keyframes: *mut JSObject,
        options: UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeAnimationOptions,
    ) -> DomRoot<Animation> {
        let window = self.owner_window();

        // Step 1. Let target be the object on which this method was called.
        let target = self;

        // Step 3. If options is a KeyframeAnimationOptions object, let timeline be the timeline member of
        // options or, if timeline member of options is missing, the default document timeline of the node document
        // of the element on which this method was called.
        let timeline =
            if let UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeAnimationOptions::KeyframeAnimationOptions(options) =
                &options
            {
                options.timeline.clone().flatten()
            } else {
                None
            };
        let timeline = timeline.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            let document = self.owner_document();
            DomRoot::upcast(document.Timeline())
        });

        // Step 2. Construct a new KeyframeEffect object effect in the relevant Realm
        // of target by using the same procedure as the KeyframeEffect(target, keyframes, options)
        // constructor, passing target as the target argument, and the keyframes and options arguments
        //  as supplied.
        //
        // If the above procedure causes an exception to be thrown, propagate the exception and
        // abort this procedure.
        let parent_options = match options {
            UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeAnimationOptions::UnrestrictedDouble(value) => {
                UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeEffectOptions::UnrestrictedDouble(value)
            },
            UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeAnimationOptions::KeyframeAnimationOptions(options) => {
                UnrestrictedDoubleOrKeyframeEffectOptions::KeyframeEffectOptions(options.parent)
            },
        };
        let effect =
            KeyframeEffect::Constructor(cx, &window, None, Some(target), keyframes, parent_options);

        // Step 4. Construct a new Animation object, animation, in the relevant Realm of target by using
        // the same procedure as the Animation() constructor, passing effect and timeline as arguments of
        // the same name.
        let animation = Animation::Constructor(
            cx,
            &window,
            None,
            Some(effect.upcast()),
            Some(Some(&timeline)),
        );

        // TODO: Step 5. If options is a KeyframeAnimationOptions object, assign the value of the id member of options
        // to animation’s id attribute.

        // TODO: Step 6. Run the procedure to play an animation for animation with the auto-rewind flag set to true.

        // Step 7. Return animation.
        animation
    }
}

impl VirtualMethods for Element {
    fn super_type(&self) -> Option<&dyn VirtualMethods> {
        Some(self.upcast::<Node>() as &dyn VirtualMethods)
    }

    fn attribute_affects_presentational_hints(&self, attr: AttrRef<'_>) -> bool {
        // FIXME: This should be more fine-grained, not all elements care about these.
        if attr.local_name() == &local_name!("lang") {
            return true;
        }

        self.super_type()
            .unwrap()
            .attribute_affects_presentational_hints(attr)
    }

    fn attribute_mutated(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        attr: AttrRef<'_>,
        mutation: AttributeMutation,
    ) {
        self.super_type()
            .unwrap()
            .attribute_mutated(cx, attr, mutation);
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        match *attr.local_name() {
            // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#event-handler-attributes:event-handler-content-attributes-3
            // Event handler content attributes are defined on `Element` rather than `HTMLElement`
            // so that other element types (such as SVG elements) activate them as well.
            ref name if name.starts_with("on") && EventTarget::is_content_event_handler(name) => {
                let evtarget = self.upcast::<EventTarget>();
                let event_name = &name[2..];
                match mutation {
                    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#activate-an-event-handler
                    AttributeMutation::Set(_) => {
                        let source = &**attr.value();
                        let source_line = 1; // TODO(#9604) get current JS execution line
                        evtarget.set_event_handler_uncompiled(
                            cx,
                            self.owner_window_unrooted(cx.no_gc()).get_url(),
                            source_line,
                            event_name,
                            source,
                        );
                    },
                    // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#deactivate-an-event-handler
                    AttributeMutation::Removed => {
                        evtarget
                            .set_event_handler_common::<EventHandlerNonNull>(cx, event_name, None);
                    },
                }
            },
            local_name!("style") => self.update_style_attribute(cx, attr, mutation),
            local_name!("id") => {
                // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#ref-for-concept-element-attributes-change-ext%E2%91%A2
                let id = mutation.new_value(attr).and_then(|value| {
                    let value = value.as_atom();
                    if value != &atom!("") {
                        // Step 2. Otherwise, if localName is id, namespace is null, then set element’s ID to value.
                        Some(value.clone())
                    } else {
                        // Step 1. If localName is id, namespace is null, and value is null or the empty string, then unset element’s ID.
                        None
                    }
                });
                *self.id_attribute.safe_borrow_mut(cx.no_gc()) = id;

                let containing_shadow_root = self.containing_shadow_root();
                if node.is_in_a_document_tree() || node.is_in_a_shadow_tree() {
                    let value = attr.value().as_atom().clone();
                    let document = node.owner_document();
                    match mutation {
                        AttributeMutation::Set(old_value) => {
                            if let Some(old_value) = old_value {
                                let old_value = old_value.as_atom();
                                if let Some(ref shadow_root) = containing_shadow_root {
                                    shadow_root.unregister_element_id(old_value);
                                } else {
                                    document.unregister_element_id(cx, old_value);
                                }
                            }
                            if value != atom!("") {
                                if let Some(ref shadow_root) = containing_shadow_root {
                                    shadow_root.register_element_id(self, &value);
                                } else {
                                    document.register_element_id(cx, self, &value);
                                }
                            }
                        },
                        AttributeMutation::Removed => {
                            if value != atom!("") {
                                if let Some(ref shadow_root) = containing_shadow_root {
                                    shadow_root.unregister_element_id(&value);
                                } else {
                                    document.unregister_element_id(cx, &value);
                                }
                            }
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
            local_name!("name") => {
                // Keep the name in rare data for fast access
                self.ensure_rare_data(cx.no_gc()).name_attribute =
                    mutation.new_value(attr).and_then(|value| {
                        let value = value.as_atom();
                        if value != &atom!("") {
                            Some(value.clone())
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    });
                // Keep the document name_map up to date
                // (if we're not in shadow DOM)
                if node.is_connected() && node.containing_shadow_root().is_none() {
                    let value = attr.value().as_atom().clone();
                    let document = node.owner_document_unrooted(cx.no_gc());
                    match mutation {
                        AttributeMutation::Set(old_value) => {
                            if let Some(old_value) = old_value {
                                document.unregister_element_name(old_value.as_atom());
                            }
                            if value != atom!("") {
                                document.register_element_name(self, &value);
                            }
                        },
                        AttributeMutation::Removed => {
                            if value != atom!("") {
                                document.unregister_element_name(&value);
                            }
                        },
                    }
                }
            },
            local_name!("slot") => {
                // Update slottable data
                rooted!(&in(cx) let slottable = Slottable(Dom::from_ref(self.upcast::<Node>())));

                // Slottable name change steps from https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#light-tree-slotables
                if let Some(assigned_slot) = slottable.assigned_slot() {
                    assigned_slot.assign_slottables(cx);
                }
                slottable.assign_a_slot(cx);
            },
            local_name!("role") => {
                self.upcast::<Node>()
                    .add_pending_accessibility_damage(cx.no_gc(), AccessibilityDamage::Node);
            },
            _ => {
                // FIXME(emilio): This is pretty dubious, and should be done in
                // the relevant super-classes.
                if attr.namespace() == &ns!() && attr.local_name() == &local_name!("src") {
                    node.dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::Other);
                }
            },
        };

        // TODO: This should really only take into account the actual attributes that are used
        // for the content attribute property.
        if self
            .upcast::<Node>()
            .get_flag(NodeFlags::USES_ATTR_IN_CONTENT_ATTRIBUTE)
        {
            node.dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::ContentOrHeritage);
        }

        // Make sure we rev the version even if we didn't dirty the node. If we
        // don't do this, various attribute-dependent htmlcollections (like those
        // generated by getElementsByClassName) might become stale.
        node.rev_version(cx.no_gc());

        // Notify devtools that the DOM changed
        #[cfg(feature = "devtools")]
        {
            let window = self.owner_window_unrooted(cx.no_gc());
            if window.live_devtools_updates() {
                let global = window.upcast::<GlobalScope>();
                if let Some(sender) = global.devtools_chan() {
                    let pipeline_id = global.pipeline_id();
                    if ScriptThread::devtools_want_updates_for_node(pipeline_id, self.upcast()) {
                        let devtools_message =
                            devtools_traits::ScriptToDevtoolsControlMsg::DomMutation(
                                pipeline_id,
                                devtools_traits::DomMutation::AttributeModified {
                                    node: self.upcast::<Node>().unique_id(pipeline_id),
                                    attribute_name: attr.local_name().to_string(),
                                    new_value: mutation
                                        .new_value(attr)
                                        .map(|value| value.to_string()),
                                },
                            );
                        sender.send(devtools_message).unwrap();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    fn parse_plain_attribute(&self, name: &LocalName, value: DOMString) -> AttrValue {
        match *name {
            local_name!("id") => AttrValue::Atom(value.into()),
            local_name!("name") => AttrValue::Atom(value.into()),
            local_name!("class") | local_name!("part") | local_name!("role") => {
                AttrValue::from_serialized_tokenlist(value.into())
            },
            local_name!("exportparts") => AttrValue::from_shadow_parts(value.into()),
            local_name!("tabindex") => AttrValue::from_i32(value.into(), -1),
            _ => self
                .super_type()
                .unwrap()
                .parse_plain_attribute(name, value),
        }
    }

    fn bind_to_tree(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, context: &BindContext) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.bind_to_tree(cx, context);
        }

        if let Some(f) = self.as_maybe_form_control() {
            f.bind_form_control_to_tree(cx);
        }

        if let Some(ref shadow_root) = self.shadow_root() {
            shadow_root.bind_to_tree(cx, context);
        }

        if !context.is_in_tree() {
            return;
        }

        self.register_current_id_and_name_attribute(cx);
    }

    fn unbind_from_tree(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, context: &UnbindContext) {
        self.super_type().unwrap().unbind_from_tree(cx, context);

        if let Some(f) = self.as_maybe_form_control() {
            // TODO: The valid state of ancestors might be wrong if the form control element
            // has a fieldset ancestor, for instance: `<form><fieldset><input>`,
            // if `<input>` is unbound, `<form><fieldset>` should trigger a call to `update_validity()`.
            f.unbind_form_control_from_tree(cx);
        }

        if !context.tree_is_in_a_document_tree && !context.tree_is_in_a_shadow_tree {
            return;
        }

        let document = self.owner_document_unrooted(cx.no_gc());
        let fullscreen = document.fullscreen_element();
        if fullscreen.as_deref() == Some(self) {
            self.owner_document().exit_fullscreen(cx);
        }

        self.unregister_current_id_and_name_attribute(cx);
    }

    fn children_changed(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, mutation: &ChildrenMutation) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.children_changed(cx, mutation);
        }

        let flags = self.get_selector_flags();
        if flags.intersects(ElementSelectorFlags::HAS_SLOW_SELECTOR) {
            // All children of this node need to be restyled when any child changes.
            self.upcast::<Node>().dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::Other);
        } else {
            if flags.intersects(ElementSelectorFlags::HAS_SLOW_SELECTOR_LATER_SIBLINGS) &&
                let Some(next_child) = mutation.next_child()
            {
                for child in next_child.inclusively_following_siblings_unrooted(cx.no_gc()) {
                    if child.is::<Element>() {
                        child.dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::Other);
                    }
                }
            }
            if flags.intersects(ElementSelectorFlags::HAS_EDGE_CHILD_SELECTOR) &&
                let Some(child) = mutation.modified_edge_element(cx.no_gc())
            {
                child.dirty(cx.no_gc(), NodeDamage::Other);
            }
        }
    }

    fn adopting_steps(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, old_doc: &Document) {
        self.super_type().unwrap().adopting_steps(cx, old_doc);
    }

    fn post_connection_steps(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.post_connection_steps(cx);
        }

        self.update_nonce_post_connection(cx);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#nonce-attributes%3Aconcept-node-clone-ext>
    fn cloning_steps(
        &self,
        cx: &mut JSContext,
        copy: &Node,
        maybe_doc: Option<&Document>,
        clone_children: CloneChildrenFlag,
    ) {
        if let Some(s) = self.super_type() {
            s.cloning_steps(cx, copy, maybe_doc, clone_children);
        }
        let elem = copy.downcast::<Element>().unwrap();
        if let Some(rare_data) = self.rare_data().as_ref() {
            elem.update_nonce_internal_slot(rare_data.cryptographic_nonce.clone(), cx.no_gc());
        }
    }
}
impl Element {
    pub(crate) fn client_rect(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Rect<i32, CSSPixel> {
        let doc = self.node.owner_doc();

        if let Some(rect) = self
            .rare_data()
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|data| data.client_rect.as_ref())
            .and_then(|rect| rect.get().ok()) &&
            doc.restyle_reason(cx.no_gc()).is_empty()
        {
            return rect;
        }

        let mut rect = self.upcast::<Node>().client_rect(cx);
        let in_quirks_mode = doc.quirks_mode() == QuirksMode::Quirks;

        if (in_quirks_mode && doc.GetBody().as_deref() == self.downcast::<HTMLElement>()) ||
            (!in_quirks_mode && self.is_document_element())
        {
            rect.size = doc.window().viewport_details().size.round().to_i32();
        }

        self.ensure_rare_data(cx.no_gc()).client_rect = Some(
            self.owner_window_unrooted(cx.no_gc())
                .cache_layout_value(rect),
        );
        rect
    }

    pub(crate) fn as_maybe_activatable(&self) -> Option<&dyn Activatable> {
        let element = match self.upcast::<Node>().type_id() {
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLInputElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLButtonElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLButtonElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLAnchorElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLAnchorElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLAreaElement)) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLAreaElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLLabelElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLLabelElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLSelectElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLSelectElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLElement)) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Activatable)
            },
            _ => None,
        };
        element.filter(|elem| elem.is_instance_activatable())
    }

    pub(crate) fn as_stylesheet_owner(&self) -> Option<&dyn StylesheetOwner> {
        if let Some(s) = self.downcast::<HTMLStyleElement>() {
            return Some(s as &dyn StylesheetOwner);
        }

        if let Some(l) = self.downcast::<HTMLLinkElement>() {
            return Some(l as &dyn StylesheetOwner);
        }

        None
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#category-submit>
    pub(crate) fn as_maybe_validatable(&self) -> Option<&dyn Validatable> {
        match self.upcast::<Node>().type_id() {
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLInputElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLInputElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLButtonElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLButtonElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLObjectElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLObjectElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLSelectElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLSelectElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLTextAreaElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLTextAreaElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLFieldSetElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLFieldSetElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            NodeTypeId::Element(ElementTypeId::HTMLElement(
                HTMLElementTypeId::HTMLOutputElement,
            )) => {
                let element = self.downcast::<HTMLOutputElement>().unwrap();
                Some(element as &dyn Validatable)
            },
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_invalid(&self, cx: &mut JSContext, needs_update: bool) -> bool {
        if let Some(validatable) = self.as_maybe_validatable() {
            if needs_update {
                validatable
                    .validity_state(cx)
                    .perform_validation_and_update(cx, ValidationFlags::all());
            }
            return validatable.is_instance_validatable(cx.no_gc()) &&
                !validatable.satisfies_constraints(cx);
        }

        if let Some(internals) = self.get_element_internals() {
            return internals.is_invalid(cx);
        }
        false
    }

    pub(crate) fn is_instance_validatable(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) -> bool {
        if let Some(validatable) = self.as_maybe_validatable() {
            return validatable.is_instance_validatable(no_gc);
        }
        if let Some(internals) = self.get_element_internals() {
            return internals.is_instance_validatable(no_gc);
        }
        false
    }

    pub(crate) fn init_state_for_internals(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        self.set_enabled_state(no_gc, true);
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::VALID, true);
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::INVALID, false);
    }

    pub(crate) fn click_in_progress(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Node>().get_flag(NodeFlags::CLICK_IN_PROGRESS)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_click_in_progress(&self, click: bool) {
        self.upcast::<Node>()
            .set_flag(NodeFlags::CLICK_IN_PROGRESS, click)
    }

    pub fn state(&self) -> ElementState {
        self.state.get()
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, which: ElementState, value: bool) {
        let mut state = self.state.get();
        let previous_state = state;
        if value {
            state.insert(which);
        } else {
            state.remove(which);
        }

        if previous_state == state {
            // Nothing to do
            return;
        }

        // Add a pending restyle for this node which captures a snapshot of the state
        // before the change.
        {
            let document = self.owner_document_unrooted(no_gc);
            let mut entry = document.ensure_pending_restyle(self);
            if entry.snapshot.is_none() {
                entry.snapshot = Some(Snapshot::new());
            }
            let snapshot = entry.snapshot.as_mut().unwrap();
            if snapshot.state.is_none() {
                snapshot.state = Some(self.state());
            }
        }

        self.state.set(state);
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#concept-selector-active>
    pub(crate) fn set_active_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::ACTIVE, value);

        if let Some(parent) = self.upcast::<Node>().GetParentElement() {
            parent.set_active_state(no_gc, value);
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn focus_state(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.get().contains(ElementState::FOCUS)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_focus_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::FOCUS, value);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_focusring_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::FOCUSRING, value);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_hover_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::HOVER, value);
    }

    pub(crate) fn enabled_state(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.get().contains(ElementState::ENABLED)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_enabled_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::ENABLED, value)
    }

    pub(crate) fn disabled_state(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.get().contains(ElementState::DISABLED)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_disabled_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::DISABLED, value)
    }

    pub(crate) fn read_write_state(&self) -> bool {
        self.state.get().contains(ElementState::READWRITE)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_read_write_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::READWRITE, value)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_open_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::OPEN, value);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_placeholder_shown_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::PLACEHOLDER_SHOWN, value);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_modal_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::MODAL, value);
        self.owner_document_unrooted(no_gc)
            .update_topmost_modal(no_gc);
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_target_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::URLTARGET, value)
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_fullscreen_state(&self, no_gc: &NoGC, value: bool) {
        self.set_state(no_gc, ElementState::FULLSCREEN, value)
    }

    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#connected>
    pub(crate) fn is_connected(&self) -> bool {
        self.upcast::<Node>().is_connected()
    }

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#cannot-navigate>
    pub(crate) fn cannot_navigate(&self) -> bool {
        // > An element element cannot navigate if any of the following are true:
        // >  - element's node document is not fully active; or
        // >  - element is not an a element and is not connected.
        let document = self.owner_document();
        !document.is_fully_active() || (!self.is::<HTMLAnchorElement>() && !self.is_connected())
    }

    pub(crate) fn get_computed_role(&self, cx: &mut JSContext) -> Option<DOMString> {
        let accesskit_node = self
            .owner_window()
            .accesskit_node_query(cx, self.upcast::<Node>().to_trusted_node_address())?;
        let aria_role = ACCESSKIT_ROLE_TO_ARIA_ROLE.get(&accesskit_node.role())?;
        Some(TracedDOMString::from(aria_role.clone()).root())
    }
}

impl Element {
    /// Whether this [`Element`] is disabled by an [`HTMLFieldSetElement`] ancestor:
    ///
    /// 1. It is the descendant of a disabled fieldset.
    /// 2. It is not the descendant of of that fieldset's first [`HTMLLegendElement`] child.
    pub(crate) fn is_disabled_by_ancestor_fieldset(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) -> bool {
        let node = self.upcast::<Node>();
        let mut previous_ancestor = UnrootedDom::from_ref(node, no_gc);
        for ancestor in previous_ancestor.ancestors_unrooted(no_gc) {
            let child = std::mem::replace(&mut previous_ancestor, ancestor.clone());
            let Some(ancestor_element) = ancestor.downcast::<HTMLFieldSetElement>() else {
                continue;
            };
            if !ancestor_element.upcast::<Element>().disabled_state() {
                continue;
            }
            if !ancestor.is_parent_of(node) &&
                ancestor
                    .children_unrooted(no_gc)
                    .find(|node| node.is::<HTMLLegendElement>())
                    .is_some_and(|fieldset| fieldset == child)
            {
                continue;
            }

            return true;
        }

        false
    }

    pub(crate) fn check_ancestors_disabled_state_for_form_control(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        if self.disabled_state() {
            return;
        }
        let disabled = self.is_disabled_by_ancestor_fieldset(no_gc);
        self.set_disabled_state(no_gc, disabled);
        self.set_enabled_state(no_gc, !disabled);
    }

    pub(crate) fn check_disabled_attribute(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        let has_disabled_attrib = self.has_attribute(&local_name!("disabled"));
        self.set_disabled_state(no_gc, has_disabled_attrib);
        self.set_enabled_state(no_gc, !has_disabled_attrib);
    }

    pub(crate) fn update_read_write_state_from_readonly_attribute(&self, no_gc: &NoGC) {
        let has_readonly_attribute = self.has_attribute(&local_name!("readonly"));
        self.set_read_write_state(no_gc, has_readonly_attribute);
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
pub(crate) enum AttributeMutation<'a> {
    /// The attribute is set, keep track of old value.
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#attribute-is-set>
    Set(Option<&'a AttrValue>),

    /// The attribute is removed.
    /// <https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#attribute-is-removed>
    Removed,
}

impl AttributeMutation<'_> {
    pub(crate) fn is_removal(&self) -> bool {
        match *self {
            AttributeMutation::Removed => true,
            AttributeMutation::Set(_) => false,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn new_value<'b>(&self, attr: AttrRef<'b>) -> Option<AttrValueRef<'b>> {
        match *self {
            AttributeMutation::Set(_) => Some(attr.value()),
            AttributeMutation::Removed => None,
        }
    }

    pub(crate) fn old_value(&self, attr: AttrRef<'_>) -> Option<String> {
        match *self {
            AttributeMutation::Set(old) => old.map(|value| value.to_string()),
            AttributeMutation::Removed => Some(attr.value().to_string()),
        }
    }
}

/// The inputs that fully determine an element's HTML-uppercased qualified name.
///
/// See [`TAG_NAME_CACHE`].
#[derive(Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
struct TagNameKey {
    prefix: Option<Prefix>,
    local_name: LocalName,
    html_element_in_html_document: bool,
}

/// The maximum number of names in [`TAG_NAME_CACHE`].
const TAG_NAME_CACHE_CAPACITY: usize = 128;

thread_local! {
    /// Memoized HTML-uppercased qualified names, shared by every element on the
    /// thread. When it's full, the least recently used name is evicted.
    ///
    /// An element's `tagName` is a pure function of its prefix, its local name,
    /// and whether it is an HTML element in an HTML document, so there is no
    /// reason to cache it per element.
    static TAG_NAME_CACHE: RefCell<LruCache<TagNameKey, LocalName, FxBuildHasher>> =
        RefCell::new(LruCache::with_hasher(TAG_NAME_CACHE_CAPACITY, FxBuildHasher));
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#cors-settings-attribute>
pub(crate) fn reflect_cross_origin_attribute(element: &Element) -> Option<DOMString> {
    element
        .get_attribute_string_ref(&local_name!("crossorigin"))
        .map(|value| {
            DOMString::from_static(
                ["anonymous", "use-credentials"]
                    .into_iter()
                    .find(|keyword| value.eq_ignore_ascii_case(keyword))
                    .unwrap_or("anonymous"),
            )
        })
}

pub(crate) fn set_cross_origin_attribute(
    cx: &mut JSContext,
    element: &Element,
    value: Option<DOMString>,
) {
    match value {
        Some(val) => element.set_string_attribute(cx, &local_name!("crossorigin"), val),
        None => {
            element.remove_attribute(cx, &ns!(), &local_name!("crossorigin"));
        },
    }
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#referrer-policy-attribute>
pub(crate) fn reflect_referrer_policy_attribute(element: &Element) -> DOMString {
    element
        .get_attribute_string_ref(&local_name!("referrerpolicy"))
        .map(|value| {
            DOMString::from(
                [
                    "no-referrer",
                    "no-referrer-when-downgrade",
                    "same-origin",
                    "origin",
                    "strict-origin",
                    "origin-when-cross-origin",
                    "strict-origin-when-cross-origin",
                    "unsafe-url",
                ]
                .into_iter()
                .find(|keyword| value.eq_ignore_ascii_case(keyword))
                .unwrap_or(""),
            )
        })
        .unwrap_or_default()
}

pub(crate) fn referrer_policy_for_element(element: &Element) -> ReferrerPolicy {
    element
        .get_attribute_string_ref(&local_name!("referrerpolicy"))
        .map(|value| {
            let value = value.as_attr_ref().value();
            ReferrerPolicy::from(value.as_ref())
        })
        .unwrap_or(element.owner_document().get_referrer_policy())
}

pub(crate) fn cors_setting_for_element(element: &Element) -> Option<CorsSettings> {
    element
        .get_attribute_string_ref(&local_name!("crossorigin"))
        .map(|value| {
            let value = value.as_attr_ref().value();
            CorsSettings::from_enumerated_attribute(&value)
        })
}

/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#cors-settings-attribute-credentials-mode>
pub(crate) fn cors_settings_attribute_credential_mode(element: &Element) -> CredentialsMode {
    element
        .get_attribute_string_ref(&local_name!("crossorigin"))
        .map(|value| {
            if value.eq_ignore_ascii_case("use-credentials") {
                CredentialsMode::Include
            } else {
                // The attribute's invalid value default and empty value default are both the Anonymous state.
                CredentialsMode::CredentialsSameOrigin
            }
        })
        // The attribute's missing value default is the No CORS state, which defaults to "same-origin"
        .unwrap_or(CredentialsMode::CredentialsSameOrigin)
}

pub(crate) fn is_element_affected_by_legacy_background_presentational_hint(
    namespace: &Namespace,
    local_name: &LocalName,
) -> bool {
    *namespace == ns!(html) &&
        matches!(
            *local_name,
            local_name!("body") |
                local_name!("table") |
                local_name!("thead") |
                local_name!("tbody") |
                local_name!("tfoot") |
                local_name!("tr") |
                local_name!("td") |
                local_name!("th")
        )
}

impl script_bindings::callback::OwnerWindow<crate::DomTypeHolder> for Element {
    fn owner_window(&self) -> Option<DomRoot<Window>> {
        Some(NodeTraits::owner_window(self))
    }
}