net/fetch/

methods.rs

/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::{io, mem, str};

use base::id::PipelineId;
use base64::Engine as _;
use base64::engine::general_purpose;
use content_security_policy as csp;
use crossbeam_channel::Sender;
use devtools_traits::DevtoolsControlMsg;
use embedder_traits::resources::{self, Resource};
use headers::{AccessControlExposeHeaders, ContentType, HeaderMapExt};
use http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderName, RANGE};
use http::{HeaderValue, Method, StatusCode};
use ipc_channel::ipc::{self, IpcReceiver, IpcSender};
use log::{debug, trace, warn};
use malloc_size_of_derive::MallocSizeOf;
use mime::{self, Mime};
use net_traits::fetch::headers::{determine_nosniff, extract_mime_type_as_mime};
use net_traits::filemanager_thread::{FileTokenCheck, RelativePos};
use net_traits::http_status::HttpStatus;
use net_traits::policy_container::{PolicyContainer, RequestPolicyContainer};
use net_traits::request::{
    BodyChunkRequest, BodyChunkResponse, CredentialsMode, Destination, Initiator,
    InsecureRequestsPolicy, Origin, ParserMetadata, RedirectMode, Referrer, Request, RequestId,
    RequestMode, ResponseTainting, is_cors_safelisted_method, is_cors_safelisted_request_header,
};
use net_traits::response::{Response, ResponseBody, ResponseType, TerminationReason};
use net_traits::{
    FetchTaskTarget, NetworkError, ReferrerPolicy, ResourceAttribute, ResourceFetchTiming,
    ResourceTimeValue, ResourceTimingType, WebSocketDomAction, WebSocketNetworkEvent,
    set_default_accept_language,
};
use parking_lot::Mutex;
use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
use rustls_pki_types::CertificateDer;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use servo_arc::Arc as ServoArc;
use servo_url::{Host, ImmutableOrigin, ServoUrl};
use tokio::sync::Mutex as TokioMutex;
use tokio::sync::mpsc::{UnboundedReceiver as TokioReceiver, UnboundedSender as TokioSender};

use crate::connector::CACertificates;
use crate::fetch::cors_cache::CorsCache;
use crate::fetch::fetch_params::{
    ConsumePreloadedResources, FetchParams, SharedPreloadedResources,
};
use crate::filemanager_thread::FileManager;
use crate::http_loader::{
    HttpState, determine_requests_referrer, http_fetch, send_early_httprequest_to_devtools,
    send_response_to_devtools, send_security_info_to_devtools, set_default_accept,
};
use crate::protocols::{ProtocolRegistry, is_url_potentially_trustworthy};
use crate::request_interceptor::RequestInterceptor;
use crate::subresource_integrity::is_response_integrity_valid;

pub type Target<'a> = &'a mut (dyn FetchTaskTarget + Send);

#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, Serialize)]
pub enum Data {
    Payload(Vec<u8>),
    Done,
    Cancelled,
    Error(NetworkError),
}

pub struct WebSocketChannel {
    pub sender: IpcSender<WebSocketNetworkEvent>,
    pub receiver: Option<IpcReceiver<WebSocketDomAction>>,
}

impl WebSocketChannel {
    pub fn new(
        sender: IpcSender<WebSocketNetworkEvent>,
        receiver: Option<IpcReceiver<WebSocketDomAction>>,
    ) -> Self {
        Self { sender, receiver }
    }
}

/// Used to keep track of keep-alive requests
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, MallocSizeOf, Serialize)]
pub struct InFlightKeepAliveRecord {
    pub(crate) request_id: RequestId,
    /// Used to keep track of size of keep-alive requests.
    pub(crate) keep_alive_body_length: u64,
}

pub type SharedInflightKeepAliveRecords =
    Arc<Mutex<FxHashMap<PipelineId, Vec<InFlightKeepAliveRecord>>>>;

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct FetchContext {
    pub state: Arc<HttpState>,
    pub user_agent: String,
    pub devtools_chan: Option<Sender<DevtoolsControlMsg>>,
    pub filemanager: FileManager,
    pub file_token: FileTokenCheck,
    pub request_interceptor: Arc<TokioMutex<RequestInterceptor>>,
    pub cancellation_listener: Arc<CancellationListener>,
    pub timing: ServoArc<Mutex<ResourceFetchTiming>>,
    pub protocols: Arc<ProtocolRegistry>,
    pub websocket_chan: Option<Arc<Mutex<WebSocketChannel>>>,
    pub ca_certificates: CACertificates<'static>,
    pub ignore_certificate_errors: bool,
    pub preloaded_resources: SharedPreloadedResources,
    pub in_flight_keep_alive_records: SharedInflightKeepAliveRecords,
}

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct CancellationListener {
    cancelled: AtomicBool,
}

impl CancellationListener {
    pub(crate) fn cancelled(&self) -> bool {
        self.cancelled.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
    }

    pub(crate) fn cancel(&self) {
        self.cancelled.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed)
    }
}
pub type DoneChannel = Option<(TokioSender<Data>, TokioReceiver<Data>)>;

/// [Fetch](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org#concept-fetch)
pub async fn fetch(request: Request, target: Target<'_>, context: &FetchContext) -> Response {
    // Steps 7,4 of https://w3c.github.io/resource-timing/#processing-model
    // rev order okay since spec says they're equal - https://w3c.github.io/resource-timing/#dfn-starttime
    {
        let mut timing_guard = context.timing.lock();
        timing_guard.set_attribute(ResourceAttribute::FetchStart);
        timing_guard.set_attribute(ResourceAttribute::StartTime(ResourceTimeValue::FetchStart));
    }
    fetch_with_cors_cache(request, &mut CorsCache::default(), target, context).await
}

/// Continuation of fetch from step 8.
///
/// <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org#concept-fetch>
pub async fn fetch_with_cors_cache(
    request: Request,
    cache: &mut CorsCache,
    target: Target<'_>,
    context: &FetchContext,
) -> Response {
    // Step 8. Let fetchParams be a new fetch params whose request is request
    let mut fetch_params = FetchParams::new(request);
    let request = &mut fetch_params.request;

    // Step 4. Populate request from client given request.
    request.populate_request_from_client();

    // Step 5. If request’s client is non-null, then:
    // TODO
    // Step 5.1. Set taskDestination to request’s client’s global object.
    // TODO
    // Step 5.2. Set crossOriginIsolatedCapability to request’s client’s cross-origin isolated capability.
    // TODO

    // Step 10. If all of the following conditions are true:
    if
    // - request’s URL’s scheme is an HTTP(S) scheme
    matches!(request.current_url().scheme(), "http" | "https")
        // - request’s mode is "same-origin", "cors", or "no-cors"
        && matches!(request.mode, RequestMode::SameOrigin | RequestMode::CorsMode | RequestMode::NoCors)
        // - request’s method is `GET`
        && matches!(request.method, Method::GET)
        // - request’s unsafe-request flag is not set or request’s header list is empty
        && (!request.unsafe_request || request.headers.is_empty())
    {
        // - request’s client is not null, and request’s client’s global object is a Window object
        if let Some(client) = request.client.as_ref() {
            // Step 10.1. Assert: request’s origin is same origin with request’s client’s origin.
            assert!(request.origin == client.origin);
            // Step 10.2. Let onPreloadedResponseAvailable be an algorithm that runs the
            // following step given a response response: set fetchParams’s preloaded response candidate to response.
            // Step 10.3. Let foundPreloadedResource be the result of invoking consume a preloaded resource
            // for request’s client, given request’s URL, request’s destination, request’s mode,
            // request’s credentials mode, request’s integrity metadata, and onPreloadedResponseAvailable.
            // Step 10.4. If foundPreloadedResource is true and fetchParams’s preloaded response candidate is null,
            // then set fetchParams’s preloaded response candidate to "pending".
            if let Some(candidate) =
                client.consume_preloaded_resource(request, context.preloaded_resources.clone())
            {
                fetch_params.preload_response_candidate = candidate;
            }
        }
    }

    // Step 11. If request’s header list does not contain `Accept`, then:
    set_default_accept(request);

    // Step 12. If request’s header list does not contain `Accept-Language`, then user agents should
    // append (`Accept-Language, an appropriate header value) to request’s header list.
    set_default_accept_language(&mut request.headers);

    // Step 15. If request’s internal priority is null, then use request’s priority, initiator,
    // destination, and render-blocking in an implementation-defined manner to set request’s
    // internal priority to an implementation-defined object.
    // TODO: figure out what a Priority object is.

    // Step 15. If request is a subresource request:
    //
    // We only check for keep-alive requests here, since that's currently the only usage
    let should_track_in_flight_record = request.keep_alive && request.is_subresource_request();
    let pipeline_id = request.pipeline_id;

    if should_track_in_flight_record {
        // Step 15.1. Let record be a new fetch record whose request is request
        // and controller is fetchParams’s controller.
        let record = InFlightKeepAliveRecord {
            request_id: request.id,
            keep_alive_body_length: request.keep_alive_body_length(),
        };
        // Step 15.2. Append record to request’s client’s fetch group’s fetch records.
        let mut in_flight_records = context.in_flight_keep_alive_records.lock();
        in_flight_records
            .entry(pipeline_id.expect("Must always set a pipeline ID for keep-alive requests"))
            .or_default()
            .push(record);
    };
    let request_id = request.id;

    // Step 17: Run main fetch given fetchParams.
    let response = main_fetch(&mut fetch_params, cache, false, target, &mut None, context).await;

    // Mimics <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#done-flag>
    if should_track_in_flight_record {
        context
            .in_flight_keep_alive_records
            .lock()
            .get_mut(&pipeline_id.expect("Must always set a pipeline ID for keep-alive requests"))
            .expect("Must always have initialized tracked requests before starting fetch")
            .retain(|record| record.request_id != request_id);
    }

    // Step 18: Return fetchParams’s controller.
    // TODO: We don't implement fetchParams as defined in the spec
    response
}

pub(crate) fn convert_request_to_csp_request(request: &Request) -> Option<csp::Request> {
    let origin = match &request.origin {
        Origin::Client => return None,
        Origin::Origin(origin) => origin,
    };

    // We need to retroactively upgrade the ws URL if the rewritten http URL was upgraded to a secure scheme.
    // https://github.com/w3c/webappsec-csp/issues/532
    let mut original_url = request.original_url();
    if original_url.scheme() == "ws" && request.url().scheme() == "https" {
        original_url.as_mut_url().set_scheme("wss").unwrap();
    }

    let csp_request = csp::Request {
        url: original_url.into_url(),
        origin: origin.clone().into_url_origin(),
        redirect_count: request.redirect_count,
        destination: request.destination,
        initiator: match request.initiator {
            Initiator::Download => csp::Initiator::Download,
            Initiator::ImageSet => csp::Initiator::ImageSet,
            Initiator::Manifest => csp::Initiator::Manifest,
            Initiator::Prefetch => csp::Initiator::Prefetch,
            _ => csp::Initiator::None,
        },
        nonce: request.cryptographic_nonce_metadata.clone(),
        integrity_metadata: request.integrity_metadata.clone(),
        parser_metadata: match request.parser_metadata {
            ParserMetadata::ParserInserted => csp::ParserMetadata::ParserInserted,
            ParserMetadata::NotParserInserted => csp::ParserMetadata::NotParserInserted,
            ParserMetadata::Default => csp::ParserMetadata::None,
        },
    };
    Some(csp_request)
}

/// <https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/#should-block-request>
pub fn should_request_be_blocked_by_csp(
    csp_request: &csp::Request,
    policy_container: &PolicyContainer,
) -> (csp::CheckResult, Vec<csp::Violation>) {
    policy_container
        .csp_list
        .as_ref()
        .map(|c| c.should_request_be_blocked(csp_request))
        .unwrap_or((csp::CheckResult::Allowed, Vec::new()))
}

/// <https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP/#report-for-request>
pub fn report_violations_for_request_by_csp(
    csp_request: &csp::Request,
    policy_container: &PolicyContainer,
) -> Vec<csp::Violation> {
    policy_container
        .csp_list
        .as_ref()
        .map(|c| c.report_violations_for_request(csp_request))
        .unwrap_or_default()
}

fn should_response_be_blocked_by_csp(
    csp_request: &csp::Request,
    response: &Response,
    policy_container: &PolicyContainer,
) -> (csp::CheckResult, Vec<csp::Violation>) {
    if response.is_network_error() {
        return (csp::CheckResult::Allowed, Vec::new());
    }
    let csp_response = csp::Response {
        url: response
            .actual_response()
            .url()
            .cloned()
            // NOTE(pylbrecht): for WebSocket connections, the URL scheme is converted to http(s)
            // to integrate with fetch(). We need to convert it back to ws(s) to get valid CSP
            // checks.
            // https://github.com/w3c/webappsec-csp/issues/532
            .map(|mut url| {
                match csp_request.url.scheme() {
                    "ws" | "wss" => {
                        url.as_mut_url()
                            .set_scheme(csp_request.url.scheme())
                            .expect("failed to set URL scheme");
                    },
                    _ => {},
                };
                url
            })
            .expect("response must have a url")
            .into_url(),
        redirect_count: csp_request.redirect_count,
    };
    policy_container
        .csp_list
        .as_ref()
        .map(|c| c.should_response_to_request_be_blocked(csp_request, &csp_response))
        .unwrap_or((csp::CheckResult::Allowed, Vec::new()))
}

/// [Main fetch](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-main-fetch)
pub async fn main_fetch(
    fetch_params: &mut FetchParams,
    cache: &mut CorsCache,
    recursive_flag: bool,
    target: Target<'_>,
    done_chan: &mut DoneChannel,
    context: &FetchContext,
) -> Response {
    // Step 1: Let request be fetchParam's request.
    let request = &mut fetch_params.request;
    send_early_httprequest_to_devtools(request, context);
    // Step 2: Let response be null.
    let mut response = None;

    // Servo internal: return a crash error when a crash error page is needed
    if let Some(ref details) = request.crash {
        response = Some(Response::network_error(NetworkError::Crash(
            details.clone(),
        )));
    }

    // Step 3: If request’s local-URLs-only flag is set and request’s
    // current URL is not local, then set response to a network error.
    if request.local_urls_only &&
        !matches!(
            request.current_url().scheme(),
            "about" | "blob" | "data" | "filesystem"
        )
    {
        response = Some(Response::network_error(NetworkError::UnsupportedScheme));
    }

    // The request should have a valid policy_container associated with it.
    let policy_container = match &request.policy_container {
        RequestPolicyContainer::Client => unreachable!(),
        RequestPolicyContainer::PolicyContainer(container) => container.to_owned(),
    };
    let csp_request = convert_request_to_csp_request(request);
    if let Some(csp_request) = csp_request.as_ref() {
        // Step 2.2.
        let violations = report_violations_for_request_by_csp(csp_request, &policy_container);

        if !violations.is_empty() {
            target.process_csp_violations(request, violations);
        }
    };

    // Step 3.
    // TODO: handle request abort.

    // Step 4. Upgrade request to a potentially trustworthy URL, if appropriate.
    if should_upgrade_request_to_potentially_trustworthy(request, context) ||
        should_upgrade_mixed_content_request(request, &context.protocols)
    {
        trace!(
            "upgrading {} targeting {:?}",
            request.current_url(),
            request.destination
        );
        if let Some(new_scheme) = match request.current_url().scheme() {
            "http" => Some("https"),
            "ws" => Some("wss"),
            _ => None,
        } {
            request
                .current_url_mut()
                .as_mut_url()
                .set_scheme(new_scheme)
                .unwrap();
        }
    } else {
        trace!(
            "not upgrading {} targeting {:?} with {:?}",
            request.current_url(),
            request.destination,
            request.insecure_requests_policy
        );
    }
    if let Some(csp_request) = csp_request.as_ref() {
        // Step 7. If should request be blocked due to a bad port, should fetching request be blocked
        // as mixed content, or should request be blocked by Content Security Policy returns blocked,
        // then set response to a network error.
        let (check_result, violations) =
            should_request_be_blocked_by_csp(csp_request, &policy_container);

        if !violations.is_empty() {
            target.process_csp_violations(request, violations);
        }

        if check_result == csp::CheckResult::Blocked {
            warn!("Request blocked by CSP");
            response = Some(Response::network_error(NetworkError::ContentSecurityPolicy))
        }
    };
    if should_request_be_blocked_due_to_a_bad_port(&request.current_url()) {
        response = Some(Response::network_error(NetworkError::InvalidPort));
    }
    if should_request_be_blocked_as_mixed_content(request, &context.protocols) {
        response = Some(Response::network_error(NetworkError::MixedContent));
    }

    // Step 8: If request’s referrer policy is the empty string, then set request’s referrer policy
    // to request’s policy container’s referrer policy.
    if request.referrer_policy == ReferrerPolicy::EmptyString {
        request.referrer_policy = policy_container.get_referrer_policy();
    }

    let referrer_url = match mem::replace(&mut request.referrer, Referrer::NoReferrer) {
        Referrer::NoReferrer => None,
        Referrer::ReferrerUrl(referrer_source) | Referrer::Client(referrer_source) => {
            request.headers.remove(header::REFERER);
            determine_requests_referrer(
                request.referrer_policy,
                referrer_source,
                request.current_url(),
            )
        },
    };
    request.referrer = referrer_url.map_or(Referrer::NoReferrer, Referrer::ReferrerUrl);

    // Step 9.
    // TODO: handle FTP URLs.

    // Step 10.
    context
        .state
        .hsts_list
        .read()
        .apply_hsts_rules(request.current_url_mut());

    // Step 11.
    // Not applicable: see fetch_async.

    let current_url = request.current_url();
    let current_scheme = current_url.scheme();

    // Intercept the request and maybe override the response.
    context
        .request_interceptor
        .lock()
        .await
        .intercept_request(request, &mut response, context)
        .await;

    let mut response = match response {
        Some(res) => res,
        None => {
            // Step 12. If response is null, then set response to the result
            // of running the steps corresponding to the first matching statement:
            let same_origin = if let Origin::Origin(ref origin) = request.origin {
                *origin == current_url.origin()
            } else {
                false
            };

            // fetchParams’s preloaded response candidate is non-null
            if let Some((response, preload_id)) =
                fetch_params.preload_response_candidate.response().await
            {
                response.get_resource_timing().lock().preloaded = true;
                context
                    .preloaded_resources
                    .lock()
                    .unwrap()
                    .remove(&preload_id);
                response
            }
            // request's current URL's origin is same origin with request's origin, and request's
            // response tainting is "basic"
            else if (same_origin && request.response_tainting == ResponseTainting::Basic) ||
                // request's current URL's scheme is "data"
                current_scheme == "data" ||
                // Note: Although it is not part of the specification, we make an exception here
                // for custom protocols that are explicitly marked as active for fetch.
                context.protocols.is_fetchable(current_scheme) ||
                // request's mode is "navigate" or "websocket"
                matches!(
                    request.mode,
                    RequestMode::Navigate | RequestMode::WebSocket { .. }
                )
            {
                // Substep 1. Set request's response tainting to "basic".
                request.response_tainting = ResponseTainting::Basic;

                // Substep 2. Return the result of running scheme fetch given fetchParams.
                scheme_fetch(fetch_params, cache, target, done_chan, context).await
            } else if request.mode == RequestMode::SameOrigin {
                Response::network_error(NetworkError::CrossOriginResponse)
            } else if request.mode == RequestMode::NoCors {
                // Substep 1. If request's redirect mode is not "follow", then return a network error.
                if request.redirect_mode != RedirectMode::Follow {
                    Response::network_error(NetworkError::RedirectError)
                } else {
                    // Substep 2. Set request's response tainting to "opaque".
                    request.response_tainting = ResponseTainting::Opaque;

                    // Substep 3. Return the result of running scheme fetch given fetchParams.
                    scheme_fetch(fetch_params, cache, target, done_chan, context).await
                }
            } else if !matches!(current_scheme, "http" | "https") {
                Response::network_error(NetworkError::UnsupportedScheme)
            } else if request.use_cors_preflight ||
                (request.unsafe_request &&
                    (!is_cors_safelisted_method(&request.method) ||
                        request.headers.iter().any(|(name, value)| {
                            !is_cors_safelisted_request_header(&name, &value)
                        })))
            {
                // Substep 1.
                request.response_tainting = ResponseTainting::CorsTainting;
                // Substep 2.
                let response = http_fetch(
                    fetch_params,
                    cache,
                    true,
                    true,
                    false,
                    target,
                    done_chan,
                    context,
                )
                .await;
                // Substep 3.
                if response.is_network_error() {
                    // TODO clear cache entries using request
                }
                // Substep 4.
                response
            } else {
                // Substep 1.
                request.response_tainting = ResponseTainting::CorsTainting;
                // Substep 2.
                http_fetch(
                    fetch_params,
                    cache,
                    true,
                    false,
                    false,
                    target,
                    done_chan,
                    context,
                )
                .await
            }
        },
    };

    // Step 13. If recursive is true, then return response.
    if recursive_flag {
        return response;
    }

    // reborrow request to avoid double mutable borrow
    let request = &mut fetch_params.request;

    // Step 14. If response is not a network error and response is not a filtered response, then:
    let mut response = if !response.is_network_error() && response.internal_response.is_none() {
        // Substep 1.
        if request.response_tainting == ResponseTainting::CorsTainting {
            // Subsubstep 1.
            let header_names: Option<Vec<HeaderName>> = response
                .headers
                .typed_get::<AccessControlExposeHeaders>()
                .map(|v| v.iter().collect());
            match header_names {
                // Subsubstep 2.
                Some(ref list)
                    if request.credentials_mode != CredentialsMode::Include &&
                        list.iter().any(|header| header == "*") =>
                {
                    response.cors_exposed_header_name_list = response
                        .headers
                        .iter()
                        .map(|(name, _)| name.as_str().to_owned())
                        .collect();
                },
                // Subsubstep 3.
                Some(list) => {
                    response.cors_exposed_header_name_list =
                        list.iter().map(|h| h.as_str().to_owned()).collect();
                },
                _ => (),
            }
        }

        // Substep 2.
        let response_type = match request.response_tainting {
            ResponseTainting::Basic => ResponseType::Basic,
            ResponseTainting::CorsTainting => ResponseType::Cors,
            ResponseTainting::Opaque => ResponseType::Opaque,
        };
        response.to_filtered(response_type)
    } else {
        response
    };

    let internal_error = {
        // Tests for steps 17 and 18, before step 15 for borrowing concerns.
        let response_is_network_error = response.is_network_error();
        let should_replace_with_nosniff_error = !response_is_network_error &&
            should_be_blocked_due_to_nosniff(request.destination, &response.headers);
        let should_replace_with_mime_type_error = !response_is_network_error &&
            should_be_blocked_due_to_mime_type(request.destination, &response.headers);
        let should_replace_with_mixed_content = !response_is_network_error &&
            should_response_be_blocked_as_mixed_content(request, &response, &context.protocols);
        let should_replace_with_csp_error = csp_request.is_some_and(|csp_request| {
            let (check_result, violations) =
                should_response_be_blocked_by_csp(&csp_request, &response, &policy_container);
            if !violations.is_empty() {
                target.process_csp_violations(request, violations);
            }
            check_result == csp::CheckResult::Blocked
        });

        // Step 15.
        let mut network_error_response = response
            .get_network_error()
            .cloned()
            .map(Response::network_error);

        // Step 15. Let internalResponse be response, if response is a network error;
        // otherwise response’s internal response.
        let response_type = response.response_type.clone(); // Needed later after the mutable borrow
        let internal_response = if let Some(error_response) = network_error_response.as_mut() {
            error_response
        } else {
            response.actual_response_mut()
        };

        // Step 16. If internalResponse’s URL list is empty, then set it to a clone of request’s URL list.
        if internal_response.url_list.is_empty() {
            internal_response.url_list.clone_from(&request.url_list)
        }

        // Step 17. Set internalResponse’s redirect taint to request’s redirect-taint.
        internal_response.redirect_taint = request.redirect_taint_for_request();

        // Step 19. If response is not a network error and any of the following returns blocked
        // * should internalResponse to request be blocked as mixed content
        // * should internalResponse to request be blocked by Content Security Policy
        // * should internalResponse to request be blocked due to its MIME type
        // * should internalResponse to request be blocked due to nosniff
        let mut blocked_error_response;

        let internal_response = if should_replace_with_nosniff_error {
            // Defer rebinding result
            blocked_error_response = Response::network_error(NetworkError::Nosniff);
            &blocked_error_response
        } else if should_replace_with_mime_type_error {
            // Defer rebinding result
            blocked_error_response =
                Response::network_error(NetworkError::MimeType("Blocked by MIME type".into()));
            &blocked_error_response
        } else if should_replace_with_mixed_content {
            blocked_error_response = Response::network_error(NetworkError::MixedContent);
            &blocked_error_response
        } else if should_replace_with_csp_error {
            blocked_error_response = Response::network_error(NetworkError::ContentSecurityPolicy);
            &blocked_error_response
        } else {
            internal_response
        };

        // Step 20. If response’s type is "opaque", internalResponse’s status is 206, internalResponse’s
        // range-requested flag is set, and request’s header list does not contain `Range`, then set
        // response and internalResponse to a network error.
        // Also checking if internal response is a network error to prevent crash from attemtping to
        // read status of a network error if we blocked the request above.
        let internal_response = if !internal_response.is_network_error() &&
            response_type == ResponseType::Opaque &&
            internal_response.status.code() == StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT &&
            internal_response.range_requested &&
            !request.headers.contains_key(RANGE)
        {
            // Defer rebinding result
            blocked_error_response =
                Response::network_error(NetworkError::PartialResponseToNonRangeRequestError);
            &blocked_error_response
        } else {
            internal_response
        };

        // Step 21. If response is not a network error and either request’s method is `HEAD` or `CONNECT`,
        // or internalResponse’s status is a null body status, set internalResponse’s body to null and
        // disregard any enqueuing toward it (if any).
        // NOTE: We check `internal_response` since we did not mutate `response` in the previous steps.
        let not_network_error = !response_is_network_error && !internal_response.is_network_error();
        if not_network_error &&
            (is_null_body_status(&internal_response.status) ||
                matches!(request.method, Method::HEAD | Method::CONNECT))
        {
            // when Fetch is used only asynchronously, we will need to make sure
            // that nothing tries to write to the body at this point
            let mut body = internal_response.body.lock();
            *body = ResponseBody::Empty;
        }

        internal_response.get_network_error().cloned()
    };

    // Execute deferred rebinding of response.
    let mut response = if let Some(error) = internal_error {
        Response::network_error(error)
    } else {
        response
    };

    // Step 19. If response is not a network error and any of the following returns blocked
    let mut response_loaded = false;
    let mut response = if !response.is_network_error() && !request.integrity_metadata.is_empty() {
        // Step 19.1.
        wait_for_response(request, &mut response, target, done_chan, context).await;
        response_loaded = true;

        // Step 19.2.
        let integrity_metadata = &request.integrity_metadata;
        if response.termination_reason.is_none() &&
            !is_response_integrity_valid(integrity_metadata, &response)
        {
            Response::network_error(NetworkError::SubresourceIntegrity)
        } else {
            response
        }
    } else {
        response
    };

    // Step 20.
    if request.synchronous {
        // process_response is not supposed to be used
        // by sync fetch, but we overload it here for simplicity
        target.process_response(request, &response);
        if !response_loaded {
            wait_for_response(request, &mut response, target, done_chan, context).await;
        }
        // overloaded similarly to process_response
        target.process_response_eof(request, &response);
        return response;
    }

    // Step 21.
    if request.body.is_some() && matches!(current_scheme, "http" | "https") {
        // XXXManishearth: We actually should be calling process_request
        // in http_network_fetch. However, we can't yet follow the request
        // upload progress, so I'm keeping it here for now and pretending
        // the body got sent in one chunk
        target.process_request_body(request);
        target.process_request_eof(request);
    }

    // Step 22.
    target.process_response(request, &response);
    // Send Response to Devtools
    send_response_to_devtools(request, context, &response, None);
    send_security_info_to_devtools(request, context, &response);

    // Step 23.
    if !response_loaded {
        wait_for_response(request, &mut response, target, done_chan, context).await;
    }

    // Step 24.
    target.process_response_eof(request, &response);
    // Send Response to Devtools
    // This is done after process_response_eof to ensure that the body is fully
    // processed before sending the response to Devtools.
    send_response_to_devtools(request, context, &response, None);

    context
        .state
        .http_cache
        .update_awaiting_consumers(request, &response)
        .await;

    // Steps 25-27.
    // TODO: remove this line when only asynchronous fetches are used
    response
}

async fn wait_for_response(
    request: &Request,
    response: &mut Response,
    target: Target<'_>,
    done_chan: &mut DoneChannel,
    context: &FetchContext,
) {
    if let Some(ref mut ch) = *done_chan {
        let mut devtools_body = context.devtools_chan.as_ref().map(|_| Vec::new());
        loop {
            match ch.1.recv().await {
                Some(Data::Payload(vec)) => {
                    if let Some(body) = devtools_body.as_mut() {
                        body.extend(&vec);
                    }
                    target.process_response_chunk(request, vec);
                },
                Some(Data::Error(network_error)) => {
                    if network_error == NetworkError::DecompressionError {
                        response.termination_reason = Some(TerminationReason::Fatal);
                    }
                    response.set_network_error(network_error);

                    break;
                },
                Some(Data::Done) => {
                    send_response_to_devtools(request, context, response, devtools_body);
                    break;
                },
                Some(Data::Cancelled) => {
                    response.aborted.store(true, Ordering::Release);
                    break;
                },
                _ => {
                    panic!("fetch worker should always send Done before terminating");
                },
            }
        }
    } else {
        match *response.actual_response().body.lock() {
            ResponseBody::Done(ref vec) if !vec.is_empty() => {
                // in case there was no channel to wait for, the body was
                // obtained synchronously via scheme_fetch for data/file/about/etc
                // We should still send the body across as a chunk
                target.process_response_chunk(request, vec.clone());
                if context.devtools_chan.is_some() {
                    // Now that we've replayed the entire cached body,
                    // notify the DevTools server with the full Response.
                    send_response_to_devtools(request, context, response, Some(vec.clone()));
                }
            },
            ResponseBody::Done(_) | ResponseBody::Empty => {},
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
}

/// Range header start and end values.
pub enum RangeRequestBounds {
    /// The range bounds are known and set to final values.
    Final(RelativePos),
    /// We need extra information to set the range bounds.
    /// i.e. buffer or file size.
    Pending(u64),
}

impl RangeRequestBounds {
    pub fn get_final(&self, len: Option<u64>) -> Result<RelativePos, &'static str> {
        match self {
            RangeRequestBounds::Final(pos) => {
                if let Some(len) = len {
                    if pos.start <= len as i64 {
                        return Ok(*pos);
                    }
                }
                Err("Tried to process RangeRequestBounds::Final without len")
            },
            RangeRequestBounds::Pending(offset) => Ok(RelativePos::from_opts(
                if let Some(len) = len {
                    Some((len - u64::min(len, *offset)) as i64)
                } else {
                    Some(0)
                },
                None,
            )),
        }
    }
}

fn create_blank_reply(url: ServoUrl, timing_type: ResourceTimingType) -> Response {
    let mut response = Response::new(url, ResourceFetchTiming::new(timing_type));
    response
        .headers
        .typed_insert(ContentType::from(mime::TEXT_HTML_UTF_8));
    *response.body.lock() = ResponseBody::Done(vec![]);
    response.status = HttpStatus::default();
    response
}

fn create_about_memory(url: ServoUrl, timing_type: ResourceTimingType) -> Response {
    let mut response = Response::new(url, ResourceFetchTiming::new(timing_type));
    response
        .headers
        .typed_insert(ContentType::from(mime::TEXT_HTML_UTF_8));
    *response.body.lock() = ResponseBody::Done(resources::read_bytes(Resource::AboutMemoryHTML));
    response.status = HttpStatus::default();
    response
}

/// Handle a request from the user interface to ignore validation errors for a certificate.
fn handle_allowcert_request(request: &mut Request, context: &FetchContext) -> io::Result<()> {
    let error = |string| Err(io::Error::other(string));

    let body = match request.body.as_mut() {
        Some(body) => body,
        None => return error("No body found"),
    };

    let stream = body.take_stream();
    let stream = stream.lock();
    let (body_chan, body_port) = ipc::channel().unwrap();
    let _ = stream.send(BodyChunkRequest::Connect(body_chan));
    let _ = stream.send(BodyChunkRequest::Chunk);
    let body_bytes = match body_port.recv().ok() {
        Some(BodyChunkResponse::Chunk(bytes)) => bytes,
        _ => return error("Certificate not sent in a single chunk"),
    };

    let split_idx = match body_bytes.iter().position(|b| *b == b'&') {
        Some(split_idx) => split_idx,
        None => return error("Could not find ampersand in data"),
    };
    let (secret, cert_base64) = body_bytes.split_at(split_idx);

    let secret = str::from_utf8(secret).ok().and_then(|s| s.parse().ok());
    if secret != Some(*net_traits::PRIVILEGED_SECRET) {
        return error("Invalid secret sent. Ignoring request");
    }

    let cert_bytes = match general_purpose::STANDARD_NO_PAD.decode(&cert_base64[1..]) {
        Ok(bytes) => bytes,
        Err(_) => return error("Could not decode certificate base64"),
    };

    context
        .state
        .override_manager
        .add_override(&CertificateDer::from_slice(&cert_bytes).into_owned());
    Ok(())
}

/// [Scheme fetch](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org#scheme-fetch)
async fn scheme_fetch(
    fetch_params: &mut FetchParams,
    cache: &mut CorsCache,
    target: Target<'_>,
    done_chan: &mut DoneChannel,
    context: &FetchContext,
) -> Response {
    // Step 1: If fetchParams is canceled, then return the appropriate network error for fetchParams.

    // Step 2: Let request be fetchParams’s request.
    let request = &mut fetch_params.request;
    let url = request.current_url();

    let scheme = url.scheme();
    match scheme {
        "about" if url.path() == "blank" => create_blank_reply(url, request.timing_type()),
        "about" if url.path() == "memory" => create_about_memory(url, request.timing_type()),

        "chrome" if url.path() == "allowcert" => {
            if let Err(error) = handle_allowcert_request(request, context) {
                warn!("Could not handle allowcert request: {error}");
            }
            create_blank_reply(url, request.timing_type())
        },

        "http" | "https" => {
            http_fetch(
                fetch_params,
                cache,
                false,
                false,
                false,
                target,
                done_chan,
                context,
            )
            .await
        },

        _ => match context.protocols.get(scheme) {
            Some(handler) => handler.load(request, done_chan, context).await,
            None => Response::network_error(NetworkError::UnsupportedScheme),
        },
    }
}

fn is_null_body_status(status: &HttpStatus) -> bool {
    matches!(
        status.try_code(),
        Some(StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS) |
            Some(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT) |
            Some(StatusCode::RESET_CONTENT) |
            Some(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED)
    )
}

/// <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#should-response-to-request-be-blocked-due-to-nosniff?>
pub fn should_be_blocked_due_to_nosniff(
    destination: Destination,
    response_headers: &HeaderMap,
) -> bool {
    // Step 1
    if !determine_nosniff(response_headers) {
        return false;
    }

    // Step 2
    // Note: an invalid MIME type will produce a `None`.
    let mime_type = extract_mime_type_as_mime(response_headers);

    /// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/#scriptingLanguages>
    #[inline]
    fn is_javascript_mime_type(mime_type: &Mime) -> bool {
        let javascript_mime_types: [Mime; 16] = [
            "application/ecmascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "application/javascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "application/x-ecmascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "application/x-javascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/ecmascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.0".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.1".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.2".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.3".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.4".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/javascript1.5".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/jscript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/livescript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/x-ecmascript".parse().unwrap(),
            "text/x-javascript".parse().unwrap(),
        ];

        javascript_mime_types
            .iter()
            .any(|mime| mime.type_() == mime_type.type_() && mime.subtype() == mime_type.subtype())
    }

    match mime_type {
        // Step 4
        Some(ref mime_type) if destination.is_script_like() => !is_javascript_mime_type(mime_type),
        // Step 5
        Some(ref mime_type) if destination == Destination::Style => {
            mime_type.type_() != mime::TEXT && mime_type.subtype() != mime::CSS
        },

        None if destination == Destination::Style || destination.is_script_like() => true,
        // Step 6
        _ => false,
    }
}

/// <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#should-response-to-request-be-blocked-due-to-mime-type?>
fn should_be_blocked_due_to_mime_type(
    destination: Destination,
    response_headers: &HeaderMap,
) -> bool {
    // Step 1: Let mimeType be the result of extracting a MIME type from response’s header list.
    let mime_type: mime::Mime = match extract_mime_type_as_mime(response_headers) {
        Some(mime_type) => mime_type,
        // Step 2: If mimeType is failure, then return allowed.
        None => return false,
    };

    // Step 3: Let destination be request’s destination.
    // Step 4: If destination is script-like and one of the following is true, then return blocked:
    //    - mimeType’s essence starts with "audio/", "image/", or "video/".
    //    - mimeType’s essence is "text/csv".
    // Step 5: Return allowed.
    destination.is_script_like() &&
        match mime_type.type_() {
            mime::AUDIO | mime::VIDEO | mime::IMAGE => true,
            mime::TEXT if mime_type.subtype() == mime::CSV => true,
            _ => false,
        }
}

/// <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#block-bad-port>
pub fn should_request_be_blocked_due_to_a_bad_port(url: &ServoUrl) -> bool {
    // Step 1. Let url be request’s current URL.
    // NOTE: We receive the request url as an argument

    // Step 2. If url’s scheme is an HTTP(S) scheme and url’s port is a bad port, then return blocked.
    let is_http_scheme = matches!(url.scheme(), "http" | "https");
    let is_bad_port = url.port().is_some_and(is_bad_port);
    if is_http_scheme && is_bad_port {
        return true;
    }

    // Step 3. Return allowed.
    false
}

/// <https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-mixed-content/#should-block-fetch>
pub fn should_request_be_blocked_as_mixed_content(
    request: &Request,
    protocol_registry: &ProtocolRegistry,
) -> bool {
    // Step 1. Return allowed if one or more of the following conditions are met:
    // 1.1. Does settings prohibit mixed security contexts?
    // returns "Does Not Restrict Mixed Security Contexts" when applied to request’s client.
    if do_settings_prohibit_mixed_security_contexts(request) ==
        MixedSecurityProhibited::NotProhibited
    {
        return false;
    }

    // 1.2. request’s URL is a potentially trustworthy URL.
    if is_url_potentially_trustworthy(protocol_registry, &request.current_url()) {
        return false;
    }

    // 1.3. The user agent has been instructed to allow mixed content.

    // 1.4. request’s destination is "document", and request’s target browsing context has
    // no parent browsing context.
    if request.destination == Destination::Document {
        // TODO: request's target browsing context has no parent browsing context
        return false;
    }

    true
}

/// <https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-mixed-content/#should-block-response>
pub fn should_response_be_blocked_as_mixed_content(
    request: &Request,
    response: &Response,
    protocol_registry: &ProtocolRegistry,
) -> bool {
    // Step 1. Return allowed if one or more of the following conditions are met:
    // 1.1. Does settings prohibit mixed security contexts? returns Does Not Restrict Mixed Content
    // when applied to request’s client.
    if do_settings_prohibit_mixed_security_contexts(request) ==
        MixedSecurityProhibited::NotProhibited
    {
        return false;
    }

    // 1.2. response’s url is a potentially trustworthy URL.
    if response
        .actual_response()
        .url()
        .is_some_and(|response_url| is_url_potentially_trustworthy(protocol_registry, response_url))
    {
        return false;
    }

    // 1.3. TODO: The user agent has been instructed to allow mixed content.

    // 1.4. request’s destination is "document", and request’s target browsing context
    // has no parent browsing context.
    if request.destination == Destination::Document {
        // TODO: if requests target browsing context has no parent browsing context
        return false;
    }

    true
}

/// <https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#bad-port>
fn is_bad_port(port: u16) -> bool {
    static BAD_PORTS: [u16; 78] = [
        1, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 37, 42, 43, 53, 69, 77, 79, 87, 95, 101,
        102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 123, 135, 137, 139, 143, 161, 179, 389,
        427, 465, 512, 513, 514, 515, 526, 530, 531, 532, 540, 548, 554, 556, 563, 587, 601, 636,
        993, 995, 1719, 1720, 1723, 2049, 3659, 4045, 5060, 5061, 6000, 6566, 6665, 6666, 6667,
        6668, 6669, 6697, 10080,
    ];

    BAD_PORTS.binary_search(&port).is_ok()
}

// TODO : Investigate and need to revisit again
pub fn is_form_submission_request(request: &Request) -> bool {
    let content_type = request.headers.typed_get::<ContentType>();
    content_type.is_some_and(|ct| {
        let mime: Mime = ct.into();
        mime.type_() == mime::APPLICATION && mime.subtype() == mime::WWW_FORM_URLENCODED
    })
}

/// <https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-upgrade-insecure-requests/#upgrade-request>
fn should_upgrade_request_to_potentially_trustworthy(
    request: &mut Request,
    context: &FetchContext,
) -> bool {
    fn should_upgrade_navigation_request(request: &Request) -> bool {
        // Step 2.1 If request is a form submission, skip the remaining substeps, and continue upgrading request.
        if is_form_submission_request(request) {
            return true;
        }

        // Step 2.2 If request’s client's target browsing context is a nested browsing context,
        // skip the remaining substeps and continue upgrading request.
        if request
            .client
            .as_ref()
            .is_some_and(|client| client.is_nested_browsing_context)
        {
            return true;
        }

        // Step 2.4
        // TODO : check for insecure navigation set after its implemention

        // Step 2.5 Return without further modifying request
        false
    }

    // Step 1. If request is a navigation request,
    if request.is_navigation_request() {
        // Append a header named Upgrade-Insecure-Requests with a value of 1 to
        // request’s header list if any of the following criteria are met:
        // * request’s URL is not a potentially trustworthy URL
        // * request’s URL's host is not a preloadable HSTS host
        if !is_url_potentially_trustworthy(&context.protocols, &request.current_url()) ||
            request
                .current_url()
                .host_str()
                .is_none_or(|host| context.state.hsts_list.read().is_host_secure(host))
        {
            debug!("Appending the Upgrade-Insecure-Requests header to request’s header list");
            request
                .headers
                .insert("Upgrade-Insecure-Requests", HeaderValue::from_static("1"));
        }

        if !should_upgrade_navigation_request(request) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // Step 3. Let upgrade state be the result of executing
    // §4.2 Should insecure requests be upgraded for client? upon request's client.
    // Step 4. If upgrade state is "Do Not Upgrade", return without modifying request.
    request
        .client
        .as_ref()
        .is_some_and(|client| client.insecure_requests_policy == InsecureRequestsPolicy::Upgrade)
}

#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
pub enum MixedSecurityProhibited {
    Prohibited,
    NotProhibited,
}

/// <https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-mixed-content/#categorize-settings-object>
fn do_settings_prohibit_mixed_security_contexts(request: &Request) -> MixedSecurityProhibited {
    if let Origin::Origin(ref origin) = request.origin {
        // Workers created from a data: url are secure if they were created from secure contexts
        let is_origin_data_url_worker = matches!(
            *origin,
            ImmutableOrigin::Opaque(servo_url::OpaqueOrigin::SecureWorkerFromDataUrl(_))
        );

        // Step 1. If settings’ origin is a potentially trustworthy origin,
        // then return "Prohibits Mixed Security Contexts".
        if origin.is_potentially_trustworthy() || is_origin_data_url_worker {
            return MixedSecurityProhibited::Prohibited;
        }
    }

    // Step 2.2. For each navigable navigable in document’s ancestor navigables:
    // Step 2.2.1. If navigable’s active document's origin is a potentially trustworthy origin,
    // then return "Prohibits Mixed Security Contexts".
    if request.has_trustworthy_ancestor_origin {
        return MixedSecurityProhibited::Prohibited;
    }

    MixedSecurityProhibited::NotProhibited
}

/// <https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-mixed-content/#upgrade-algorithm>
fn should_upgrade_mixed_content_request(
    request: &Request,
    protocol_registry: &ProtocolRegistry,
) -> bool {
    let url = request.url();
    // Step 1.1 : request’s URL is a potentially trustworthy URL.
    if is_url_potentially_trustworthy(protocol_registry, &url) {
        return false;
    }

    // Step 1.2 : request’s URL’s host is an IP address.
    match url.host() {
        Some(Host::Ipv4(_)) | Some(Host::Ipv6(_)) => return false,
        _ => (),
    }

    // Step 1.3
    if do_settings_prohibit_mixed_security_contexts(request) ==
        MixedSecurityProhibited::NotProhibited
    {
        return false;
    }

    // Step 1.4 : request’s destination is not "image", "audio", or "video".
    if !matches!(
        request.destination,
        Destination::Audio | Destination::Image | Destination::Video
    ) {
        return false;
    }

    // Step 1.5 : request’s destination is "image" and request’s initiator is "imageset".
    if request.destination == Destination::Image && request.initiator == Initiator::ImageSet {
        return false;
    }

    true
}