grid/

lib.rs

#![warn(clippy::all, clippy::pedantic, clippy::nursery)]
/*!
# Two Dimensional Grid
Continuous growable 2D data structure.
The purpose of this crate is to provide an universal data structure that is faster,
uses less memory, and is easier to use than a naive `Vec<Vec<T>>` solution.

This crate will always provide a 2D data structure. If you need three or more dimensions take a look at the
[ndarray](https://docs.rs/ndarray/0.13.0/ndarray/) library. The `grid` crate is a container for all kind of data.
If you need to perform matrix operations, you are better off with a linear algebra lib, such as
[cgmath](https://docs.rs/cgmath/0.17.0/cgmath/) or [nalgebra](https://docs.rs/nalgebra/0.21.0/nalgebra/).
No other dependencies except for the std lib are used.
Most of the functions `std::Vec<T>` offer are also implemented in `grid` and slightly modified for a 2D data object.

# Memory layout

Similar to *C-like* arrays, `grid` uses a flat 1D `Vec<T>` data structure to have a continuous
memory data layout. See also [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17259877/1d-or-2d-array-whats-faster)
explanation of why you should probably use a one-dimensional array approach.

Note that this crate uses a [*row-major*](https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2015/memory-layout-of-multi-dimensional-arrays) memory layout by default.

If you need a specific memory layout, please seek the `*_with_order` constructors. You should also take note that some transformation methods
change the internal memory layout, like [`transpose`](Grid::transpose).

This choice is important, because operations on rows are faster with a row-major memory layout.
Likewise, operations on columns are faster with column-major memory layout.

# Examples
```
use grid::*;
let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3]
                     [4,5,6]];
assert_eq!(grid, Grid::from_vec(vec![1,2,3,4,5,6],3));
assert_eq!(grid.get(0, 2), Some(&3));
assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 5);
assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 3));
grid.push_row(vec![7,8,9]);
assert_eq!(grid, grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9]])
 ```
*/

#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]

#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
extern crate alloc;
#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use alloc::{format, vec, vec::Vec};
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
use serde::{
    de::{self, Deserialize, Deserializer, MapAccess, SeqAccess, Visitor},
    ser::{Serialize, SerializeStruct, Serializer},
};

use core::cmp::Eq;
use core::fmt;
use core::hash;
use core::iter::StepBy;
use core::ops::Index;
use core::ops::IndexMut;
use core::slice::Iter;
use core::slice::IterMut;
use core::{cmp, convert::TryInto};

#[doc(hidden)]
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! count {
    () => (0usize);
    ( $x:tt $($xs:tt)* ) => (1usize + $crate::count!($($xs)*));
}

/// Init a grid with values.
///
/// Each array within `[]` represents a row starting from top to button.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// In this example a grid of numbers from 1 to 9 is created:
///
///  
/// ```
/// use grid::grid;
/// let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3]
/// [4, 5, 6]
/// [7, 8, 9]];
/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 3))
/// ```
///
/// Note that each row must be of the same length. The following example will not compile:
///  
/// ``` ignore
/// use grid::grid;
/// let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3]
/// [4, 5] // This does not work!
/// [7, 8, 9]];
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! grid {
    () => {
        $crate::Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0)
    };
    ( [$( $x:expr ),* ]) => { {
        let vec = vec![$($x),*];
        let len  = vec.len();
        $crate::Grid::from_vec(vec, len)
    } };
    ( [$( $x0:expr ),*] $([$( $x:expr ),*])* ) => {
        {
            let mut _assert_width0 = [(); $crate::count!($($x0)*)];
            let cols = $crate::count!($($x0)*);
            let rows = 1usize;

            $(
                let _assert_width = [(); $crate::count!($($x)*)];
                _assert_width0 = _assert_width;
                let rows = rows + 1usize;
            )*

            let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(rows.checked_mul(cols).unwrap());

            $( vec.push($x0); )*
            $( $( vec.push($x); )* )*

            $crate::Grid::from_vec(vec, cols)
        }
    };
}

/// Init a column-major grid with values.
///
/// Each array within `[]` represents a row starting from top to button.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// In this example a grid of numbers from 1 to 9 is created:
///
/// ```
/// use grid::grid_cm;
/// let grid = grid_cm![[1, 2, 3]
/// [4, 5, 6]
/// [7, 8, 9]];
/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 3));
/// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 5);
/// ```
///
/// Note that each row must be of the same length. The following example will not compile:
///
/// ``` ignore
/// use grid::grid_cm;
/// let grid = grid_cm![[1, 2, 3]
/// [4, 5] // This does not work!
/// [7, 8, 9]];
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! grid_cm {
    () => {
        $crate::Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, $crate::Order::ColumnMajor)
    };
    ( [$( $x:expr ),* ]) => { {
        let vec = vec![$($x),*];
        let len  = vec.len();
        $crate::Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec, len, $crate::Order::ColumnMajor)
    } };
    ( [$( $x0:expr ),*] $([$( $x:expr ),*])* ) => {
        {
            let mut _assert_width0 = [(); $crate::count!($($x0)*)];
            let cols = $crate::count!($($x0)*);
            let rows = 1usize;

            $(
                let _assert_width = [(); $crate::count!($($x)*)];
                _assert_width0 = _assert_width;
                let rows = rows + 1usize;
            )*

            let vec = Vec::with_capacity(rows.checked_mul(cols).unwrap());
            let mut grid = $crate::Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec, cols, $crate::Order::ColumnMajor);

            grid.push_row(vec![$($x0),*]);
            $( grid.push_row(vec![$($x),*]); )*

            grid
        }
    };
}

/// Define the internal memory layout of the grid.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub enum Order {
    /// The data is ordered row by row.
    #[default]
    RowMajor,

    /// The data is ordered column by column.
    ColumnMajor,
}

impl Order {
    const fn counterpart(self) -> Self {
        match self {
            Self::RowMajor => Self::ColumnMajor,
            Self::ColumnMajor => Self::RowMajor,
        }
    }
}

/// Stores elements of a certain type in a 2D grid structure.
///
/// Uses a rust `Vec<T>` type to reference the grid data on the heap.
/// Also the internal memory layout as well as the number of
/// rows and columns are stored in the grid data structure.
///
/// The size limit of a grid is `rows * cols < usize`.
pub struct Grid<T> {
    data: Vec<T>,
    cols: usize,
    rows: usize,
    order: Order,
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Deserialize<'de> for Grid<T> {
    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
    where
        D: Deserializer<'de>,
    {
        use std::marker::PhantomData;
        #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
        #[serde(field_identifier, rename_all = "lowercase")]
        enum Field {
            Data,
            Cols,
            Order,
        }

        struct GridVisitor<T> {
            _p: PhantomData<T>,
        }

        impl<'de, T: Deserialize<'de>> Visitor<'de> for GridVisitor<T> {
            type Value = Grid<T>;

            fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
                formatter.write_str("struct Grid")
            }

            fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut seq: V) -> Result<Grid<T>, V::Error>
            where
                V: SeqAccess<'de>,
            {
                let cols = seq
                    .next_element()?
                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::invalid_length(0, &self))?;
                let data = seq
                    .next_element()?
                    .ok_or_else(|| de::Error::invalid_length(1, &self))?;
                let order = seq.next_element()?.unwrap_or_default();
                Ok(Grid::from_vec_with_order(data, cols, order))
            }

            fn visit_map<V>(self, mut map: V) -> Result<Grid<T>, V::Error>
            where
                V: MapAccess<'de>,
            {
                let mut cols = None;
                let mut data = None;
                let mut order = None;
                while let Some(key) = map.next_key()? {
                    match key {
                        Field::Data => {
                            if data.is_some() {
                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("data"));
                            }
                            data = Some(map.next_value()?);
                        }
                        Field::Cols => {
                            if cols.is_some() {
                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("cols"));
                            }
                            cols = Some(map.next_value()?);
                        }
                        Field::Order => {
                            if order.is_some() {
                                return Err(de::Error::duplicate_field("order"));
                            }
                            order = Some(map.next_value()?);
                        }
                    }
                }
                let cols = cols.ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("cols"))?;
                let data = data.ok_or_else(|| de::Error::missing_field("data"))?;
                let order = order.unwrap_or_default();
                Ok(Grid::from_vec_with_order(data, cols, order))
            }
        }

        const FIELDS: &[&str] = &["cols", "data", "order"];
        deserializer.deserialize_struct("Grid", FIELDS, GridVisitor { _p: PhantomData })
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<T: Serialize> Serialize for Grid<T> {
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
    where
        S: Serializer,
    {
        // 3 is the number of fields in the struct.
        let mut state = serializer.serialize_struct("Grid", 3)?;
        state.serialize_field("cols", &self.cols)?;
        state.serialize_field("data", &self.data)?;
        state.serialize_field("order", &self.order)?;
        state.end()
    }
}

impl<T> Grid<T> {
    /// Init a grid of size rows x columns with default values of the given type.
    /// For example this will generate a 2x3 grid of zeros:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::Grid;
    /// let grid : Grid<u8> = Grid::new(2,3);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 0);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// If `rows == 0` or `cols == 0` the grid will be empty with no cols and rows.
    ///
    /// This create a grid with a row-major memory layout.
    /// If you need a column-major one, see [`new_with_order`](Grid::new_with_order).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX`.
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(rows: usize, cols: usize) -> Self
    where
        T: Default,
    {
        Self::new_with_order(rows, cols, Order::default())
    }

    /// Same as [`new`](Self::new) but with a specific [`Order`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX`.
    pub fn new_with_order(rows: usize, cols: usize, order: Order) -> Self
    where
        T: Default,
    {
        if rows == 0 || cols == 0 {
            return Self {
                data: Vec::new(),
                rows: 0,
                cols: 0,
                order,
            };
        }
        let mut data = Vec::new();
        data.resize_with(rows.checked_mul(cols).unwrap(), T::default);
        Self {
            data,
            cols,
            rows,
            order,
        }
    }

    /// Init a grid of size rows x columns with the given data element.
    ///
    /// If `rows == 0` or `cols == 0` the grid will be empty with no cols and rows.
    ///
    /// This create a grid with a row-major memory layout.
    /// If you need a column-major one, see [`init_with_order`](Grid::init_with_order).
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn init(rows: usize, cols: usize, data: T) -> Self
    where
        T: Clone,
    {
        Self::init_with_order(rows, cols, Order::default(), data)
    }

    /// Same as [`init`](Self::init) but with a specific [`Order`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX`.
    pub fn init_with_order(rows: usize, cols: usize, order: Order, data: T) -> Self
    where
        T: Clone,
    {
        if rows == 0 || cols == 0 {
            return Self {
                data: Vec::new(),
                rows: 0,
                cols: 0,
                order,
            };
        }
        Self {
            data: vec![data; rows.checked_mul(cols).unwrap()],
            cols,
            rows,
            order,
        }
    }

    /// Initialises an empty Grid with the capacity to store `cols * rows` elements.
    /// Similar to `Vec::with_capacity`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX` or if `rows * cols * size_of::<T>() > isize::MAX`
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_capacity(rows: usize, cols: usize) -> Self {
        Self::with_capacity_and_order(rows, cols, Order::default())
    }

    /// Same as [`with_capacity`](Self::with_capacity) but with a specified [`Order`]
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if `rows * cols > usize::MAX` or if `rows * cols * size_of::<T>() > isize::MAX`
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_capacity_and_order(rows: usize, cols: usize, order: Order) -> Self {
        Self {
            data: Vec::with_capacity(rows.checked_mul(cols).unwrap()),
            cols: 0,
            rows: 0,
            order,
        }
    }

    /// Returns a grid from a vector with a given column length.
    /// The length of `vec` must be a multiple of `cols`.
    ///
    /// This create a grid with a row-major memory layout.
    /// If you need a column-major one, see [`from_vec_with_order`](Grid::from_vec_with_order).
    ///
    /// For example:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::Grid;
    /// let grid = Grid::from_vec(vec![1,2,3,4,5,6], 3);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 3));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// will create a grid with the following layout:
    /// \[1,2,3\]
    /// \[4,5,6\]
    ///
    /// This example will fail, because `vec.len()` is not a multiple of `cols`:
    ///
    /// ``` should_panic
    /// use grid::Grid;
    /// Grid::from_vec(vec![1,2,3,4,5], 3);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This panics if the vector length isn't a multiple of the number of columns.
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_vec(vec: Vec<T>, cols: usize) -> Self {
        Self::from_vec_with_order(vec, cols, Order::default())
    }

    /// Same as [`from_vec`](Self::from_vec) but with a specific [`Order`].
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This panics if the vector length isn't a multiple of the number of columns.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn from_vec_with_order(vec: Vec<T>, cols: usize, order: Order) -> Self {
        let rows = vec.len().checked_div(cols).unwrap_or(0);
        assert_eq!(
            rows * cols,
            vec.len(),
            "Vector length {:?} should be a multiple of cols = {:?}",
            vec.len(),
            cols
        );
        if rows == 0 || cols == 0 {
            Self {
                data: vec,
                rows: 0,
                cols: 0,
                order,
            }
        } else {
            Self {
                data: vec,
                rows,
                cols,
                order,
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns the index of the coordinates in the internal vector.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    const fn get_index(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> usize {
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => row * self.cols + col,
            Order::ColumnMajor => col * self.rows + row,
        }
    }

    /// Returns a reference to an element, without performing bound checks.
    /// Generally not recommended, use with caution!
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self, row: impl Into<usize>, col: impl Into<usize>) -> &T {
        let index = self.get_index(row.into(), col.into());
        self.data.get_unchecked(index)
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to an element, without performing bound checks.
    /// Generally not recommended, use with caution!
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(
        &mut self,
        row: impl Into<usize>,
        col: impl Into<usize>,
    ) -> &mut T {
        let index = self.get_index(row.into(), col.into());
        self.data.get_unchecked_mut(index)
    }

    /// Access a certain element in the grid.
    /// Returns `None` if an element beyond the grid bounds is tried to be accessed.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get(&self, row: impl TryInto<usize>, col: impl TryInto<usize>) -> Option<&T> {
        let row_usize = row.try_into().ok()?;
        let col_usize = col.try_into().ok()?;
        if row_usize < self.rows && col_usize < self.cols {
            unsafe { Some(self.get_unchecked(row_usize, col_usize)) }
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Mutable access to a certain element in the grid.
    /// Returns `None` if an element beyond the grid bounds is tried to be accessed.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn get_mut(
        &mut self,
        row: impl TryInto<usize>,
        col: impl TryInto<usize>,
    ) -> Option<&mut T> {
        let row_usize = row.try_into().ok()?;
        let col_usize = col.try_into().ok()?;
        if row_usize < self.rows && col_usize < self.cols {
            unsafe { Some(self.get_unchecked_mut(row_usize, col_usize)) }
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Returns the size of the grid as a two element tuple.
    /// First element are the number of rows and the second the columns.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn size(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
        (self.rows, self.cols)
    }

    /// Returns the number of rows of the grid.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn rows(&self) -> usize {
        self.rows
    }

    /// Returns the number of columns of the grid.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn cols(&self) -> usize {
        self.cols
    }

    /// Returns the internal memory layout of the grid.
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn order(&self) -> Order {
        self.order
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the grid contains no elements.
    /// For example:
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid : Grid<u8> = grid![];
    /// assert!(grid.is_empty());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.data.is_empty()
    }

    /// Clears the grid.
    ///
    /// This doesn't change the grid order.
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.rows = 0;
        self.cols = 0;
        self.data.clear();
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the whole grid, starting from the first row and column.
    ///
    /// The iteration order is dependant on the internal memory layout.
    /// If you need a specific order, see [`iter_rows`](Grid::iter_rows) or
    /// [`iter_cols`](Grid::iter_cols).
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let mut iter = grid.iter();
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&4));
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    /// ```
    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<T> {
        self.data.iter()
    }

    /// Returns an mutable iterator over the whole grid that allows modifying each value.
    ///
    /// The iteration order is dependant on the internal memory layout.
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let mut iter = grid.iter_mut();
    /// let next = iter.next();
    /// assert_eq!(next, Some(&mut 1));
    /// *next.unwrap() = 10;
    /// ```
    pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<T> {
        self.data.iter_mut()
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over a column.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_col(1);
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&2));
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&4));
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), None);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the col index is out of bounds.
    pub fn iter_col(&self, col: usize) -> StepBy<Iter<T>> {
        assert!(
            col < self.cols,
            "out of bounds. Column must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}",
            self.cols,
            col
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => self.data[col..].iter().step_by(self.cols),
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                let start = col * self.rows;
                self.data[start..(start + self.rows)].iter().step_by(1)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable iterator over a column.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_col_mut(1);
    /// let next = col_iter.next();
    /// assert_eq!(next, Some(&mut 2));
    /// *next.unwrap() = 10;
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 1)], 10);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the col index is out of bounds.
    pub fn iter_col_mut(&mut self, col: usize) -> StepBy<IterMut<T>> {
        assert!(
            col < self.cols,
            "out of bounds. Column must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}",
            self.cols,
            col
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => self.data[col..].iter_mut().step_by(self.cols),
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                let start = col * self.rows;
                self.data[start..(start + self.rows)].iter_mut().step_by(1)
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over a row.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_row(1);
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&3));
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&4));
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&5));
    /// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), None);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the row index is out of bounds.
    pub fn iter_row(&self, row: usize) -> StepBy<Iter<T>> {
        assert!(
            row < self.rows,
            "out of bounds. Row must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}",
            self.rows,
            row
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                let start = row * self.cols;
                self.data[start..(start + self.cols)].iter().step_by(1)
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => self.data[row..].iter().step_by(self.rows),
        }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable iterator over a row.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_row_mut(1);
    /// let next = col_iter.next();
    /// *next.unwrap() = 10;
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 0)], 10);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the row index is out of bounds.
    pub fn iter_row_mut(&mut self, row: usize) -> StepBy<IterMut<T>> {
        assert!(
            row < self.rows,
            "out of bounds. Row must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}",
            self.rows,
            row
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                let start = row * self.cols;
                self.data[start..(start + self.cols)].iter_mut().step_by(1)
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => self.data[row..].iter_mut().step_by(self.rows),
        }
    }

    /// Traverse the grid with row and column indexes.
    ///
    /// The iteration order is dependent on the internal memory layout,
    /// but the indexes will be accurate either way.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter();
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &1)));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Or simply unpack in a `for` loop:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// for ((row, col), i) in grid.indexed_iter() {
    ///     println!("value at row {row} and column {col} is: {i}");
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn indexed_iter(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((usize, usize), &T)> {
        self.data.iter().enumerate().map(move |(idx, i)| {
            let position = match self.order {
                Order::RowMajor => (idx / self.cols, idx % self.cols),
                Order::ColumnMajor => (idx % self.rows, idx / self.rows),
            };
            (position, i)
        })
    }

    /// Traverse the grid with row and column indexes,
    /// and mutable access to each element.
    ///
    /// The iteration order is dependent on the internal memory layout,
    /// but the indexes will be accurate either way.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter_mut();
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &mut 1)));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Or simply unpack in a `for` loop:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// for ((row, col), i) in grid.indexed_iter_mut() {
    ///     *i += 1;
    ///     println!("value at row {row} and column {col} is: {i}");
    /// }
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 2);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 1)], 3);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 0)], 4);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 5);
    /// ```
    pub fn indexed_iter_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((usize, usize), &mut T)> {
        let order = self.order;
        let cols = self.cols;
        let rows = self.rows;

        self.data.iter_mut().enumerate().map(move |(idx, i)| {
            let position = match order {
                Order::RowMajor => (idx / cols, idx % cols),
                Order::ColumnMajor => (idx % rows, idx / rows),
            };
            (position, i)
        })
    }

    /// Consume grid the grid with row and column indexes.
    ///
    /// The iteration order is dependent on the internal memory layout,
    /// but the indexes will be accurate either way.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// use std::rc::Rc;
    ///
    /// let grid: Grid<Rc<u8>> = grid![[Rc::new(1),Rc::new(2)][Rc::new(3),Rc::new(4)]];
    /// let mut iter = grid.indexed_into_iter();
    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), Rc::new(1))));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Or simply unpack in a `for` loop:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// use std::rc::Rc;
    ///
    /// let grid: Grid<Rc<i32>> = grid![[Rc::new(1),Rc::new(2)][Rc::new(3),Rc::new(4)]];
    /// for ((row, col), i) in grid.indexed_into_iter() {
    ///     println!("value at row {row} and column {col} is: {i}");
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub fn indexed_into_iter(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ((usize, usize), T)> {
        let Self {
            data,
            cols,
            rows,
            order,
        } = self;
        data.into_iter().enumerate().map(move |(idx, i)| {
            let position = match order {
                Order::RowMajor => (idx / cols, idx % cols),
                Order::ColumnMajor => (idx % rows, idx / rows),
            };
            (position, i)
        })
    }

    /// Add a new row to the grid.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let row = vec![6,7,8];
    /// grid.push_row(row);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 3);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 0)], 6);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 1)], 7);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 2)], 8);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Can also be used to init an empty grid:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
    /// let row = vec![1,2,3];
    /// grid.push_row(row);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 3));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if:
    ///  - the grid is not empty and `row.len() != grid.cols()`
    ///  - `row.len() == 0`
    pub fn push_row(&mut self, row: Vec<T>) {
        assert_ne!(row.len(), 0);
        assert!(
            !(self.rows > 0 && row.len() != self.cols),
            "pushed row does not match. Length must be {:?}, but was {:?}.",
            self.cols,
            row.len()
        );
        self.data.extend(row);
        if self.order == Order::ColumnMajor {
            for i in (1..self.cols).rev() {
                let col_idx = i * self.rows;
                self.data[col_idx..col_idx + self.rows + i].rotate_right(i);
            }
        }
        self.rows += 1;
        if self.cols == 0 {
            self.cols = self.data.len();
        }
    }

    /// Add a new column to the grid.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// let col = vec![4,6];
    /// grid.push_col(col);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 4);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 3)], 4);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 3)], 6);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Can also be used to init an empty grid:
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
    /// let col = vec![1,2,3];
    /// grid.push_col(col);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 1));
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if:
    ///  - the grid is not empty and `col.len() != grid.rows()`
    ///  - `col.len() == 0`
    pub fn push_col(&mut self, col: Vec<T>) {
        assert_ne!(col.len(), 0);
        assert!(
            !(self.cols > 0 && col.len() != self.rows),
            "pushed column does not match. Length must be {:?}, but was {:?}.",
            self.rows,
            col.len()
        );
        self.data.extend(col);
        if self.order == Order::RowMajor {
            for i in (1..self.rows).rev() {
                let row_idx = i * self.cols;
                self.data[row_idx..row_idx + self.cols + i].rotate_right(i);
            }
        }
        self.cols += 1;
        if self.rows == 0 {
            self.rows = self.data.len();
        }
    }

    /// Removes the last row from a grid and returns it, or None if it is empty.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![4,5,6])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![1,2,3])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_row(), None];
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    pub fn pop_row(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<T>> {
        if self.rows == 0 {
            return None;
        }
        if self.order == Order::ColumnMajor {
            for i in 1..self.cols {
                let col_idx = i * (self.rows - 1);
                self.data[col_idx..col_idx + self.rows + i - 1].rotate_left(i);
            }
        }
        let row = self.data.split_off(self.data.len() - self.cols);
        self.rows -= 1;
        if self.rows == 0 {
            self.cols = 0;
        }
        Some(row)
    }

    /// Remove a Row at the index and return a vector of it.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2][3,4][5,6]];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_row(1), Some(vec![3,4])];   
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![1,2])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![5,6])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), None];
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    pub fn remove_row(&mut self, row_index: usize) -> Option<Vec<T>> {
        if self.cols == 0 || self.rows == 0 || row_index >= self.rows {
            return None;
        }
        let row = match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => self
                .data
                .drain((row_index * self.cols)..((row_index + 1) * self.cols))
                .collect(),
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                for i in 0..self.cols {
                    let col_idx = row_index + i * (self.rows - 1);
                    let end = cmp::min(col_idx + self.rows + i, self.data.len());
                    self.data[col_idx..end].rotate_left(i + 1);
                }
                self.data.split_off(self.data.len() - self.cols)
            }
        };
        self.rows -= 1;
        if self.rows == 0 {
            self.cols = 0;
        }
        Some(row)
    }

    /// Removes the last column from a grid and returns it, or None if it is empty.
    ///
    /// Note that this operation is much slower than the `pop_row()` because the memory layout
    /// of `Grid` is row-major and removing a column requires a lot of move operations.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![3,6])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2,5])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1,4])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.pop_col(), None];
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    pub fn pop_col(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<T>> {
        if self.cols == 0 {
            return None;
        }
        if self.order == Order::RowMajor {
            for i in 1..self.rows {
                let row_idx = i * (self.cols - 1);
                self.data[row_idx..row_idx + self.cols + i - 1].rotate_left(i);
            }
        }
        let col = self.data.split_off(self.data.len() - self.rows);
        self.cols -= 1;
        if self.cols == 0 {
            self.rows = 0;
        }
        Some(col)
    }

    /// Remove a column at the index and return a vector of it.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3,4][5,6,7,8][9,10,11,12][13,14,15,16]];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_col(3), Some(vec![4,8,12,16])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![1,5,9,13])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_col(1), Some(vec![3,7,11,15])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![2,6,10,14])];
    /// assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), None];
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    pub fn remove_col(&mut self, col_index: usize) -> Option<Vec<T>> {
        if self.cols == 0 || self.rows == 0 || col_index >= self.cols {
            return None;
        }
        let col = match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                for i in 0..self.rows {
                    let row_idx = col_index + i * (self.cols - 1);
                    let end = cmp::min(row_idx + self.cols + i, self.data.len());
                    self.data[row_idx..end].rotate_left(i + 1);
                }
                self.data.split_off(self.data.len() - self.rows)
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => self
                .data
                .drain((col_index * self.rows)..((col_index + 1) * self.rows))
                .collect(),
        };
        self.cols -= 1;
        if self.cols == 0 {
            self.rows = 0;
        }
        Some(col)
    }

    /// Insert a new row at the index and shifts all rows after down.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.insert_row(1, vec![7,8,9]);
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[1,2,3][7,8,9][4,5,6]]);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if:
    /// - the grid is not empty and `row.len() != grid.cols()`.
    /// - the index is greater than the number of rows
    pub fn insert_row(&mut self, index: usize, row: Vec<T>) {
        let input_len = row.len();
        assert!(
            !(self.cols > 0 && input_len != self.cols),
            "Inserted row must be of length {}, but was {}.",
            self.cols,
            row.len()
        );
        assert!(
            index <= self.rows,
            "Out of range. Index was {}, but must be less or equal to {}.",
            index,
            self.rows
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                let data_idx = index * input_len;
                self.data.splice(data_idx..data_idx, row);
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                for (col_iter, row_val) in row.into_iter().enumerate() {
                    let data_idx = col_iter * self.rows + index + col_iter;
                    self.data.insert(data_idx, row_val);
                }
            }
        }
        self.cols = input_len;
        self.rows += 1;
    }

    /// Insert a new column at the index.
    ///
    /// Important! Insertion of columns is a lot slower than the lines insertion.
    /// This is because of the memory layout of the grid data structure.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.insert_col(1, vec![9,9]);
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[1,9,2,3][4,9,5,6]])
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if:
    /// - the grid is not empty and `col.len() != grid.rows()`.
    /// - the index is greater than the number of columns
    pub fn insert_col(&mut self, index: usize, col: Vec<T>) {
        let input_len = col.len();
        assert!(
            !(self.rows > 0 && input_len != self.rows),
            "Inserted col must be of length {}, but was {}.",
            self.rows,
            col.len()
        );
        assert!(
            index <= self.cols,
            "Out of range. Index was {}, but must be less or equal to {}.",
            index,
            self.cols
        );
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                for (row_iter, col_val) in col.into_iter().enumerate() {
                    let data_idx = row_iter * self.cols + index + row_iter;
                    self.data.insert(data_idx, col_val);
                }
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                let data_idx = index * input_len;
                self.data.splice(data_idx..data_idx, col);
            }
        }
        self.rows = input_len;
        self.cols += 1;
    }

    /// Returns a reference to the internal data structure of the grid.
    ///
    /// The order of the elements depends on the internal memory layout, which is
    /// row-major by default.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// let flat = grid.flatten();
    /// assert_eq!(flat, &vec![1,2,3,4,5,6]);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn flatten(&self) -> &Vec<T> {
        &self.data
    }

    /// Converts self into a vector without clones or allocation.
    ///
    /// The order of the elements depends on the internal memory layout, which is
    /// row-major by default.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn into_vec(self) -> Vec<T> {
        self.data
    }

    /// Transpose the grid so that columns become rows in new grid.
    ///
    /// This method changes the internal memory layout.
    pub fn transpose(&mut self) {
        self.order = self.order.counterpart();
        core::mem::swap(&mut self.rows, &mut self.cols);
    }

    /// Flip (or mirrors) the columns.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.flip_cols();
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[3,2,1][6,5,4]])
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    pub fn flip_cols(&mut self) {
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                for row in 0..self.rows {
                    let idx = row * self.cols;
                    self.data[idx..idx + self.cols].reverse();
                }
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                for col in 0..self.cols / 2 {
                    for row in 0..self.rows {
                        let cell1 = self.get_index(row, col);
                        let cell2 = self.get_index(row, self.cols - col - 1);
                        self.data.swap(cell1, cell2);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Flip (or mirrors) the rows.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.flip_rows();
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[4,5,6][1,2,3]])
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    pub fn flip_rows(&mut self) {
        match self.order {
            Order::RowMajor => {
                for row in 0..self.rows / 2 {
                    for col in 0..self.cols {
                        let cell1 = self.get_index(row, col);
                        let cell2 = self.get_index(self.rows - row - 1, col);
                        self.data.swap(cell1, cell2);
                    }
                }
            }
            Order::ColumnMajor => {
                for col in 0..self.cols {
                    let idx = col * self.rows;
                    self.data[idx..idx + self.rows].reverse();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Rotate the grid 90° counter-clockwise.
    ///
    /// This method changes the internal memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// grid.rotate_left();
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[2,4][1,3]]);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid initialy uses a column-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    pub fn rotate_left(&mut self) {
        self.transpose();
        self.flip_rows();
    }

    /// Rotate the grid 90° clockwise.
    ///
    /// This method changes the internal memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// grid.rotate_right();
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[3,1][4,2]]);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid initialy uses a row-major memory layout,
    /// which is the default.
    pub fn rotate_right(&mut self) {
        self.transpose();
        self.flip_cols();
    }

    /// Rotate the grid 180°.
    ///
    /// This method **doesn't** change the internal memory layout.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.rotate_half();
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[6,5,4][3,2,1]]);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// The performances of this method is not affected by the internal memory layout.
    pub fn rotate_half(&mut self) {
        self.data.reverse();
    }

    /// Fills the grid with elements by cloning `value`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.fill(7);
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[7,7,7][7,7,7]]);
    /// ```
    pub fn fill(&mut self, value: T)
    where
        T: Clone,
    {
        self.data.fill(value);
    }

    /// Fills the grid with elements returned by calling a closure repeatedly.
    ///
    /// This method uses a closure to create new values. If you'd rather
    /// [`Clone`] a given value, use [`fill`]. If you want to use the [`Default`]
    /// trait to generate values, you can pass [`Default::default`] as the
    /// argument.
    ///
    /// [`fill`]: Grid::fill
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// grid.fill_with(Default::default);
    /// assert_eq!(grid, grid![[0,0,0][0,0,0]]);
    /// ```
    pub fn fill_with<F>(&mut self, f: F)
    where
        F: FnMut() -> T,
    {
        self.data.fill_with(f);
    }

    /// Returns a new grid with the same dimensions, but with each element transformed by the closure.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let new_grid = grid.map(|x| x * 2);
    /// assert_eq!(new_grid, grid![[2,4][6,8]]);
    ///
    /// let grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let new_grid = grid.map(|x| x > 2);
    /// assert_eq!(new_grid, grid![[false,false][true,true]]);
    /// ```
    pub fn map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> Grid<U>
    where
        F: FnMut(T) -> U,
    {
        Grid {
            data: self.data.into_iter().map(f).collect(),
            cols: self.cols,
            rows: self.rows,
            order: self.order,
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new grid with the same dimensions, but with each element
    /// transformed by the closure. Does not consume the grid.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let new_grid = grid.map(|x| x * 2);
    /// assert_eq!(new_grid, grid![[2,4][6,8]]);
    ///
    /// let grid = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
    /// let new_grid = grid.map(|x| x > 2);
    /// assert_eq!(new_grid, grid![[false,false][true,true]]);
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub fn map_ref<U, F>(&self, f: F) -> Grid<U>
    where
        F: Fn(&T) -> U,
    {
        Grid {
            data: self.data.iter().map(f).collect(),
            cols: self.cols,
            rows: self.rows,
            order: self.order,
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the rows of the grid. Each time an iterator over a single
    /// row is returned.
    ///
    /// An item in this iterator is equal to a call to `Grid.iter_row(row_index)`
    /// of the corresponding row.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// let sum_by_row: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_rows().map(|row| row.sum()).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(sum_by_row, vec![1+2+3, 4+5+6])
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn iter_rows(&self) -> GridRowIter<'_, T> {
        GridRowIter {
            grid: self,
            row_start_index: 0,
            row_end_index: self.rows,
        }
    }

    /// Iterate over the columns of the grid. Each time an iterator over a single
    /// column is returned.
    ///
    /// An item in this iterator is equal to a call to `Grid.iter_col(col_index)`
    /// of the corresponding column.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
    /// let sum_by_col: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_cols().map(|col| col.sum()).collect();
    /// assert_eq!(sum_by_col, vec![1+4, 2+5, 3+6])
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    pub const fn iter_cols(&self) -> GridColIter<'_, T> {
        GridColIter {
            grid: self,
            col_start_index: 0,
            col_end_index: self.cols,
        }
    }

    /// Swaps two elements in the Grid.
    /// Similar to `Vec::swap()`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if either index is out of bounds.
    pub fn swap(&mut self, (row_a, col_a): (usize, usize), (row_b, col_b): (usize, usize)) {
        assert!(
            !(row_a >= self.rows || col_a >= self.cols),
            "grid index out of bounds: ({row_a},{col_a}) out of ({},{})",
            self.rows,
            self.cols
        );
        assert!(
            !(row_b >= self.rows || col_b >= self.cols),
            "grid index out of bounds: ({row_b},{col_b}) out of ({},{})",
            self.rows,
            self.cols
        );

        let a_idx = self.get_index(row_a, col_a);
        let b_idx = self.get_index(row_b, col_b);

        self.data.swap(a_idx, b_idx);
    }
}

impl<T: Default> Grid<T> {
    /// Expands the grid with the given amount of rows filling the new rows with `T::default()`.
    /// If the grid has no rows or no columns, nothing will happen.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// grid.expand_rows(2);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 1)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(2, 2)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(3, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(3, 1)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(3, 2)], 0);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    pub fn expand_rows(&mut self, rows: usize) {
        if rows > 0 && self.cols > 0 {
            self.data
                .resize_with(self.data.len() + rows * self.cols, T::default);

            if self.order == Order::ColumnMajor {
                for row_added in 0..rows {
                    for i in (1..self.cols).rev() {
                        let total_rows = self.rows + row_added;
                        let col_idx = i * total_rows;
                        self.data[col_idx..col_idx + total_rows + i].rotate_right(i);
                    }
                }
            }
            self.rows += rows;
        }
    }

    /// Expands the grid with the given amount of cols filling the new cols with `T::default()`.
    /// If the grid has no rows or no columns, nothing will happen.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// grid.expand_cols(2);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 3)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 4)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 3)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 4)], 0);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout.
    pub fn expand_cols(&mut self, cols: usize) {
        if cols > 0 && self.rows > 0 {
            self.data
                .resize_with(self.data.len() + cols * self.rows, T::default);

            if self.order == Order::RowMajor {
                for col_added in 0..cols {
                    for i in (1..self.rows).rev() {
                        let total_cols = self.cols + col_added;
                        let row_idx = i * total_cols;
                        self.data[row_idx..row_idx + total_cols + i].rotate_right(i);
                    }
                }
            }
            self.cols += cols;
        }
    }

    /// Expands the grid by inserting a given amount of rows at the beginning, filling the new rows with `T::default()`.
    /// If the grid has no rows or no columns, nothing will happen.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// grid.prepend_rows(2);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 1)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 2)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 2)], 0);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a column-major memory layout.
    pub fn prepend_rows(&mut self, rows: usize) {
        if rows > 0 && self.cols > 0 {
            self.data
                .resize_with(self.data.len() + rows * self.cols, T::default);

            match self.order {
                Order::RowMajor => {
                    for i in (0..self.rows).rev() {
                        let s = i * self.cols;
                        let e = (i + rows + 1) * self.cols;
                        self.data[s..e].rotate_left(self.cols);
                    }
                }
                Order::ColumnMajor => {
                    for row_added in 0..rows {
                        for i in (0..self.cols).rev() {
                            let total_rows = self.rows + row_added;
                            let col_idx = i * total_rows;
                            self.data[col_idx..=col_idx + total_rows + i].rotate_right(i + 1);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            self.rows += rows;
        }
    }

    /// Expands the grid by inserting a given amount of columns at the beginning, filling the new columns with `T::default()`.
    /// If the grid has no rows or no columns, nothing will happen.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use grid::*;
    /// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
    /// grid.prepend_cols(2);
    /// assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(0, 1)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 0)], 0);
    /// assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 0);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// # Performance
    ///
    /// This method will be significantly slower if the grid uses a row-major memory layout.
    pub fn prepend_cols(&mut self, cols: usize) {
        if cols > 0 && self.rows > 0 {
            self.data
                .resize_with(self.data.len() + cols * self.rows, T::default);

            match self.order {
                Order::RowMajor => {
                    for col_added in 0..cols {
                        for i in (0..self.rows).rev() {
                            let total_cols = self.cols + col_added;
                            let row_idx = i * total_cols;
                            self.data[row_idx..=row_idx + total_cols + i].rotate_right(i + 1);
                        }
                    }
                }
                Order::ColumnMajor => {
                    for i in (0..self.cols).rev() {
                        let s = i * self.rows;
                        let e = (i + cols + 1) * self.rows;
                        self.data[s..e].rotate_left(self.rows);
                    }
                }
            }
            self.cols += cols;
        }
    }
}

impl<T> Default for Grid<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            data: Vec::default(),
            cols: 0,
            rows: 0,
            order: Order::default(),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> Clone for Grid<T> {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            rows: self.rows,
            cols: self.cols,
            data: self.data.clone(),
            order: self.order,
        }
    }
}

impl<T: hash::Hash> hash::Hash for Grid<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn hash<H: hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.rows.hash(state);
        self.cols.hash(state);
        self.order.hash(state);
        self.data.hash(state);
    }
}

impl<T> Index<(usize, usize)> for Grid<T> {
    type Output = T;

    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, (row, col): (usize, usize)) -> &T {
        assert!(
            !(row >= self.rows || col >= self.cols),
            "grid index out of bounds: ({row},{col}) out of ({},{})",
            self.rows,
            self.cols
        );
        let index = self.get_index(row, col);
        &self.data[index]
    }
}

impl<T> IndexMut<(usize, usize)> for Grid<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn index_mut(&mut self, (row, col): (usize, usize)) -> &mut T {
        assert!(
            !(row >= self.rows || col >= self.cols),
            "grid index out of bounds: ({row},{col}) out of ({},{})",
            self.rows,
            self.cols
        );
        let index = self.get_index(row, col);
        &mut self.data[index]
    }
}

impl<T> IntoIterator for Grid<T> {
    type IntoIter = <Vec<T> as IntoIterator>::IntoIter;
    type Item = T;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        self.data.into_iter()
    }
}

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a Grid<T> {
    type IntoIter = core::slice::Iter<'a, T>;
    type Item = &'a T;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        self.iter()
    }
}

impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a mut Grid<T> {
    type IntoIter = core::slice::IterMut<'a, T>;
    type Item = &'a mut T;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        self.iter_mut()
    }
}

impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Grid<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "[")?;
        if self.cols > 0 {
            if f.alternate() {
                writeln!(f)?;
                /*
                    WARNING

                    Compound types becoming enormous as the entire `fmt::Debug` width is applied to each item individually.
                    For tuples and structs define padding and precision arguments manually to improve readability.
                */
                let width = f.width().unwrap_or_else(|| {
                    // Conditionally calculate the longest item by default.
                    self.data
                        .iter()
                        .map(|i| format!("{i:?}").len())
                        .max()
                        .unwrap()
                });
                let precision = f.precision().unwrap_or(2);
                for mut row in self.iter_rows().map(Iterator::peekable) {
                    write!(f, "    [")?;
                    while let Some(item) = row.next() {
                        write!(f, " {item:width$.precision$?}")?;
                        if row.peek().is_some() {
                            write!(f, ",")?;
                        }
                    }
                    writeln!(f, "]")?;
                }
            } else {
                for row in self.iter_rows() {
                    f.debug_list().entries(row).finish()?;
                }
            }
        }
        write!(f, "]")
    }
}

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for Grid<T> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        if self.rows != other.rows || self.cols != other.cols {
            return false;
        }
        if self.order == other.order {
            return self.data == other.data;
        }
        for (self_row, other_row) in core::iter::zip(self.iter_rows(), other.iter_rows()) {
            if self_row.ne(other_row) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        true
    }
}

impl<T: Eq> Eq for Grid<T> {}

impl<T> From<Vec<Vec<T>>> for Grid<T> {
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn from(vec: Vec<Vec<T>>) -> Self {
        let cols = vec.first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
        Self::from_vec_with_order(vec.into_iter().flatten().collect(), cols, Order::default())
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> From<&Vec<Vec<T>>> for Grid<T> {
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn from(vec: &Vec<Vec<T>>) -> Self {
        let cols = vec.first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
        Self::from_vec_with_order(
            vec.clone().into_iter().flatten().collect(),
            cols,
            Order::default(),
        )
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> From<&Vec<&Vec<T>>> for Grid<T> {
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn from(vec: &Vec<&Vec<T>>) -> Self {
        let cols = vec.first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
        Self::from_vec_with_order(
            vec.clone()
                .into_iter()
                .flat_map(|inner| inner.clone())
                .collect(),
            cols,
            Order::default(),
        )
    }
}

impl<T> From<(Vec<T>, usize)> for Grid<T> {
    fn from(value: (Vec<T>, usize)) -> Self {
        Self::from_vec_with_order(value.0, value.1, Order::default())
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> From<(&Vec<T>, usize)> for Grid<T> {
    fn from(value: (&Vec<T>, usize)) -> Self {
        Self::from_vec_with_order(value.0.clone(), value.1, Order::default())
    }
}

impl<T: Clone> From<(&Vec<T>, &usize)> for Grid<T> {
    fn from(value: (&Vec<T>, &usize)) -> Self {
        Self::from_vec_with_order(value.0.clone(), *value.1, Order::default())
    }
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct GridRowIter<'a, T> {
    grid: &'a Grid<T>,
    row_start_index: usize,
    row_end_index: usize,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct GridColIter<'a, T> {
    grid: &'a Grid<T>,
    col_start_index: usize,
    col_end_index: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for GridRowIter<'a, T> {
    type Item = StepBy<Iter<'a, T>>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.row_start_index >= self.row_end_index {
            return None;
        }

        let row_iter = self.grid.iter_row(self.row_start_index);
        self.row_start_index += 1;
        Some(row_iter)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let size = self.row_end_index - self.row_start_index;
        (size, Some(size))
    }
}

impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for GridRowIter<'_, T> {}

impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for GridRowIter<'_, T> {
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.row_start_index >= self.row_end_index {
            return None;
        }

        let row_iter = self.grid.iter_row(self.row_end_index - 1);
        self.row_end_index -= 1;
        Some(row_iter)
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for GridColIter<'a, T> {
    type Item = StepBy<Iter<'a, T>>;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.col_start_index >= self.col_end_index {
            return None;
        }

        let col_iter = self.grid.iter_col(self.col_start_index);
        self.col_start_index += 1;
        Some(col_iter)
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let size = self.col_end_index - self.col_start_index;
        (size, Some(size))
    }
}

impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for GridColIter<'_, T> {}

impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for GridColIter<'_, T> {
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.col_start_index >= self.col_end_index {
            return None;
        }

        let col_iter = self.grid.iter_col(self.col_end_index - 1);
        self.col_end_index -= 1;
        Some(col_iter)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::*;
    #[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
    use alloc::string::String;

    fn test_grid<T>(grid: &Grid<T>, rows: usize, cols: usize, order: Order, data: &[T])
    where
        T: fmt::Debug + PartialEq,
    {
        assert_eq!(grid.rows, rows, "number of rows is unexpected");
        assert_eq!(grid.cols, cols, "number of cols is unexpected");
        assert_eq!(grid.order, order, "grid order is unexpected");
        assert_eq!(grid.data, data, "internal data is unexpected");
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_1d_vec() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((vec![1, 2, 3], 1));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_1d_vec_panic() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((vec![1, 2, 3], 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_1d_vec_reference() {
        let vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((&vec, 1));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_1d_vec_reference_panic() {
        let vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((&vec, 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_1d_vec_reference_and_reference() {
        let vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let cols = 1;
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((&vec, &cols));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_1d_vec_reference_and_reference_panic() {
        let vec = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let cols = 2;
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from((&vec, &cols));
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_2d_vec() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(vec![vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4, 5, 6], vec![7, 8, 9]]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_2d_vec_panic() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(vec![vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4, 5, 6], vec![7, 8]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_2d_vec_reference() {
        let vec = vec![vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4, 5, 6], vec![7, 8, 9]];
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(&vec);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_2d_vec_reference_panic() {
        let vec = vec![vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4, 5, 6], vec![7, 8]];
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(&vec);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_2d_vec_reference_of_references() {
        let inner_vec1 = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let inner_vec2 = vec![4, 5, 6];
        let inner_vec3 = vec![7, 8, 9];
        let vec = vec![&inner_vec1, &inner_vec2, &inner_vec3];
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(&vec);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_2d_vec_reference_of_references_panic() {
        let inner_vec1 = vec![1, 2, 3];
        let inner_vec2 = vec![4, 5, 6];
        let inner_vec3 = vec![7, 8];
        let vec = vec![&inner_vec1, &inner_vec2, &inner_vec3];
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from(&vec);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_zero_with_cols() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 1);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_vec_panics_1() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3], 0);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_vec_panics_2() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3], 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_uses_original_vec() {
        let capacity = 10_000_000;
        let vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec, 0);
        assert!(grid.into_vec().capacity() >= capacity);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_with_order_zero_with_cols() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_with_order_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_vec_with_order_panics_1() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn from_vec_with_order_panics_2() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    fn from_vec_with_order_uses_original_vec() {
        let capacity = 10_000_000;
        let vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert!(grid.into_vec().capacity() >= capacity);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_col_at_end() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_col(2, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_col_out_of_idx() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_col(3, vec![4, 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_col_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_col(0, vec![1, 2, 3]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_col_at_end_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_col(2, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_col_out_of_idx_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_col(3, vec![4, 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_col_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_col(0, vec![1, 2, 3]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_at_end() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_row(2, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_row(0, vec![1, 2, 3]);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_row_out_of_idx() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_row(3, vec![4, 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_row_wrong_size_of_idx() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_row(1, vec![4, 5, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_start() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.insert_row(1, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_at_end_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_row(2, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_row(0, vec![1, 2, 3]);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_row_out_of_idx_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_row(3, vec![4, 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn insert_row_wrong_size_of_idx_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_row(1, vec![4, 5, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn insert_row_start_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.insert_row(1, vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 5, 3, 2, 6, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_1x3() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_3x1() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 1, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 2, 3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_2x2() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2, 4]));
        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 1));
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 3]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_3x4() {
        let internal = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 22, 33, 44, 111, 222, 333, 444];
        let mut grid: Grid<u16> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(internal, 4, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![4, 44, 444]));
        let expected = [1, 2, 3, 11, 22, 33, 111, 222, 333];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &expected);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![3, 33, 333]));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 11, 22, 111, 222]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2, 22, 222]));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 11, 111]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 11, 111]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_1x3_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_3x1_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 2, 3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_2x2_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2, 4]));
        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 1));
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 3]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_3x4_column_major() {
        let internal = vec![1, 11, 111, 2, 22, 222, 3, 33, 333, 4, 44, 444];
        let mut grid: Grid<u16> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(internal, 4, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![4, 44, 444]));
        let expected = [1, 11, 111, 2, 22, 222, 3, 33, 333];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![3, 33, 333]));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 11, 111, 2, 22, 222]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![2, 22, 222]));
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 11, 111]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), Some(vec![1, 11, 111]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_col_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_col(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_row_2x2() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![3, 4]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![1, 2]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_row_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_row_2x2_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![3, 4]));
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), Some(vec![1, 2]));
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn pop_row_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.pop_row(), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ne_full_empty() {
        let g1 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
        let g2: Grid<u8> = grid![];
        assert_ne!(g1, g2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ne() {
        let g1 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 5], 2);
        let g2 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
        assert_ne!(g1, g2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ne_dif_rows() {
        let g1 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
        let g2 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 1);
        assert_ne!(g1, g2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn equal_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
        let grid2: Grid<char> = grid![];
        assert_eq!(grid, grid2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn equal() {
        let grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
        let grid2: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
        assert_eq!(grid, grid2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn equal_different_order() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        let grid2 = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn equal_partial_eq() {
        let grid = grid![[1.0]];
        let grid2 = Grid::from_vec(vec![1.0], 1);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn ne_partial_eq() {
        let grid = grid![[f64::NAN]];
        assert_ne!(grid, grid);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn idx_tup_out_of_col_bounds() {
        let grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
        let _ = grid[(0, 5)];
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_2x3() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![
                    [0, 1, 2]
                    [10, 11, 12]];
        grid.push_col(vec![3, 13]);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 4, Order::RowMajor, &[0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_3x4() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![
                    ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
                    ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
                    ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
        grid.push_col(vec!['x', 'y', 'z']);
        let expected = [
            'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'x', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'y', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'z',
        ];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 5, Order::RowMajor, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_1x3() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c']];
        grid.push_col(vec!['d']);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::RowMajor, &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
        grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 1, Order::RowMajor, &['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_col_wrong_size() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a','a','a']['a','a','a']];
        grid.push_col(vec!['b']);
        grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_col_zero_len() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
        grid.push_col(vec![]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_2x3_column_major() {
        let internal = vec![0, 10, 1, 11, 2, 12];
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(internal, 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_col(vec![3, 13]);
        let expected = [0, 10, 1, 11, 2, 12, 3, 13];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 4, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_3x4_column_major() {
        let internal = vec!['a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd'];
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(internal, 4, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_col(vec!['x', 'y', 'z']);
        let expected = [
            'a', 'a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'c', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'x', 'y', 'z',
        ];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 5, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_1x3_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> =
            Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec!['a', 'b', 'c'], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_col(vec!['d']);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::ColumnMajor, &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_col_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_col_wrong_size_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = Grid::init_with_order(2, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, 'a');
        grid.push_col(vec!['b']);
        grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_col_zero_len_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_col(vec![]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_row() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2][3, 4]];
        grid.push_row(vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_row_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
        grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::RowMajor, &['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_empty_row() {
        let mut grid = Grid::init(0, 1, 0);
        grid.push_row(vec![]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_row_wrong_size() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a','a','a']['a','a','a']];
        grid.push_row(vec!['b']);
        grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_row_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_row(vec![5, 6]);
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn push_row_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::ColumnMajor, &['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_empty_row_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::init_with_order(0, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, 0);
        grid.push_row(vec![]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn push_row_wrong_size_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<char> =
            Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec!['a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a'], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.push_row(vec!['b']);
        grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_rows() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.expand_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (4, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_rows_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.expand_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (4, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_rows_zero() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.expand_rows(0);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 1);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 1, 1]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_rows_empty_grid() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::init(0, 0, 0);
        grid.expand_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), Vec::<u8>::new());
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_cols() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.expand_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 5));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_cols_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.expand_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 5));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_cols_zero() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.expand_cols(0);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 2));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 2, 1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn expand_cols_empty_grid() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::init(0, 0, 0);
        grid.expand_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), Vec::<u8>::new());
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_rows() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.prepend_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (4, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_rows_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.prepend_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (4, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 4);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_rows_zero() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.prepend_rows(0);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 3));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 1);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 1, 1]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_rows_empty_grid() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::init(0, 0, 0);
        grid.prepend_rows(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), Vec::<u8>::new());
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_cols() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.prepend_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 5));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_cols_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.prepend_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 5));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 5);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_cols_zero() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.prepend_cols(0);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 2));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 2);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), vec![1, 2, 1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn prepend_cols_empty_grid() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::init(0, 0, 0);
        grid.prepend_cols(2);

        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
        assert_eq!(grid.order, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 0);
        assert_eq!(grid.into_vec(), Vec::<u8>::new());
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_row() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let row: Vec<_> = grid.iter_row(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(row, [&4, &5, &6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_out_of_bound() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_row_rowumn_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let row: Vec<_> = grid.iter_row(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(row, [&4, &5, &6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_rowumn_major_out_of_bound() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_rowumn_major_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_row_mut() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let row: Vec<_> = grid.iter_row_mut(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(row, [&mut 4, &mut 5, &mut 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_mut_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row_mut(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_mut_zero() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row_mut(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_row_mut_rowumn_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let row: Vec<_> = grid.iter_row_mut(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(row, [&mut 4, &mut 5, &mut 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_mut_rowumn_major_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row_mut(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_row_mut_rowumn_major_zero() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_row_mut(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_col() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let col: Vec<_> = grid.iter_col(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(col, [&2, &5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_out_of_bound() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_col_column_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let col: Vec<_> = grid.iter_col(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(col, [&2, &5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_column_major_out_of_bound() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_column_major_zero() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_col_mut() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let col: Vec<_> = grid.iter_col_mut(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(col, [&mut 2, &mut 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_mut_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col_mut(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_mut_zero() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::RowMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col_mut(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_col_mut_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let col: Vec<_> = grid.iter_col_mut(1).collect();
        assert_eq!(col, [&mut 2, &mut 5]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_mut_column_major_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col_mut(3);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn iter_col_mut_column_major_zero() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![], 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let _ = grid.iter_col_mut(0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
        let mut iter = grid.iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&4));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn into_iter() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,1][1,1]];
        for val in grid {
            assert_eq!(val, 1);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn into_iter_ref() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,1][1,1]];
        for val in &grid {
            assert_eq!(val, &1);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn into_iter_mut() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,1][1,1]];
        grid.fill(2);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[2, 2][2, 2]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &1)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 1), &2)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 0), &3)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 1), &4)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(0, 0);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_into_iter() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_into_iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), 1)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 1), 2)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 0), 3)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 1), 4)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_column_major() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &1)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 0), &3)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 1), &2)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 1), &4)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_empty_column_major() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_mut() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter_mut();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &mut 1)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 1), &mut 2)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 0), &mut 3)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 1), &mut 4)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_mut_empty() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(0, 0);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter_mut();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_mut_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter_mut();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 0), &mut 1)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 0), &mut 3)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((0, 1), &mut 2)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(((1, 1), &mut 4)));
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn indexed_iter_mut_empty_column_major() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let mut iter = grid.indexed_iter_mut();
        assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn clear() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
        assert!(!grid.is_empty());
        grid.clear();
        assert!(grid.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn is_empty_false() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
        assert!(!grid.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn is_empty() {
        let mut g: Grid<u8> = grid![[]];
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = grid![];
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0);
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = Grid::new(0, 0);
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = Grid::new(0, 1);
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = Grid::new(1, 0);
        assert!(g.is_empty());
        g = Grid::init(0, 0, 10);
        assert!(g.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:?}"), "[]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_row() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:?}"), "[[1, 2, 3]]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_grid() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9]];
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:?}"), "[[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6][7, 8, 9]]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_column_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:?}"), "[[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6]]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<f32> = grid![];
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#?}"), "[]");
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_int() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![
            [1,2,3]
            [4,5,6]
            [7,8,95]
        ];

        let expected_output = r"[
    [  1,  2,  3]
    [  4,  5,  6]
    [  7,  8, 95]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#?}"), expected_output);

        let expected_output = r"[
    [   1,   2,   3]
    [   4,   5,   6]
    [   7,   8,  95]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#3?}"), expected_output);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_float() {
        let grid: Grid<f32> = grid![
            [1.5,2.6,3.44]
            [4.775,5.,6.]
            [7.1,8.23444,95.55]
        ];

        let expected_output = r"[
    [   1.5,   2.6,   3.4]
    [   4.8,   5.0,   6.0]
    [   7.1,   8.2,  95.6]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#5.1?}"), expected_output);

        let expected_output = r"[
    [  1.50000,  2.60000,  3.44000]
    [  4.77500,  5.00000,  6.00000]
    [  7.10000,  8.23444, 95.55000]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#8.5?}"), expected_output);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_tuple() {
        let grid: Grid<(i32, i32)> = grid![
            [(5,66), (432, 55)]
            [(80, 90), (5, 6)]
        ];

        let expected_output = r"[
    [ (        5,        66), (      432,        55)]
    [ (       80,        90), (        5,         6)]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#?}"), expected_output);

        let expected_output = r"[
    [ (  5,  66), (432,  55)]
    [ ( 80,  90), (  5,   6)]
]";

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#3?}"), expected_output);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_struct_derived() {
        #[derive(Debug)]
        struct Person {
            _name: String,
            _precise_age: f32,
        }

        impl Person {
            fn new(name: &str, precise_age: f32) -> Self {
                Self {
                    _name: name.into(),
                    _precise_age: precise_age,
                }
            }
        }

        let grid: Grid<Person> = grid![
            [Person::new("Vic", 24.5), Person::new("Mr. Very Long Name", 1955.)]
            [Person::new("Sam", 8.9995), Person::new("John Doe", 40.14)]
        ];

        let expected_output = r#"[
    [ Person { _name: "Vic", _precise_age: 24.50000 }, Person { _name: "Mr. Very Long Name", _precise_age: 1955.00000 }]
    [ Person { _name: "Sam", _precise_age: 8.99950 }, Person { _name: "John Doe", _precise_age: 40.14000 }]
]"#;

        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#5.5?}"), expected_output);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fmt_pretty_column_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        let expected_output = r"[
    [ 1, 2, 3]
    [ 4, 5, 6]
]";
        assert_eq!(format!("{grid:#?}"), expected_output);
    }

    #[test]
    fn clone() {
        let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6]];
        let mut clone = grid.clone();
        clone[(0, 2)] = 10;
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
        test_grid(&clone, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 10, 4, 5, 6]);
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
    #[test]
    fn hash_std() {
        let mut set = std::collections::HashSet::new();
        set.insert(grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]]);
        set.insert(grid![[1,3,3][4,5,6]]);
        set.insert(grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]]);
        assert_eq!(set.len(), 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_init() {
        let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6]];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_init_2() {
        let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3]
                         [4, 5, 6]
                         [7, 8, 9]];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_init_char() {
        let grid = grid![['a', 'b', 'c']
                         ['a', 'b', 'c']
                         ['a', 'b', 'c']];
        let expected = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c'];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::RowMajor, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro_one_row() {
        let grid: Grid<usize> = grid![[1, 2, 3, 4]];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro2_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid_cm![];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro2_init() {
        let grid = grid_cm![[1, 2, 3]
                          [4, 5, 6]
                          [7, 8, 9]];
        let expected = [1, 4, 7, 2, 5, 8, 3, 6, 9];
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro2_init_char() {
        let grid = grid_cm![['a', 'b']['c', 'd']];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &['a', 'c', 'b', 'd']);
    }

    #[test]
    fn macro2_one_row() {
        let grid = grid_cm![[1, 2, 3, 4]];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 4, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn init() {
        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[3, 3]);

        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 1.2);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1.2, 1.2]);

        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 'a');
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &['a', 'a']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn init_panics() {
        Grid::init(usize::MAX, 2, 3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn init_empty() {
        let grid = Grid::init(0, 1, 0);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);

        let grid = Grid::init(1, 0, -1);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn init_with_order() {
        let grid = Grid::init_with_order(1, 2, Order::RowMajor, 3);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[3, 3]);

        let grid = Grid::init_with_order(1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, 1.2);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1.2, 1.2]);

        let grid = Grid::init_with_order(1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, 'a');
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &['a', 'a']);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn init_with_order_panics() {
        Grid::init_with_order(usize::MAX, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, 3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn init_with_order_empty() {
        let grid = Grid::init_with_order(0, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, 0);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);

        let grid = Grid::init_with_order(1, 0, Order::RowMajor, -1);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(1, 2);
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn new_panics() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(usize::MAX, 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(0, 1);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);

        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(1, 0);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_with_order() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[0, 0, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn new_with_order_panics() {
        let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(usize::MAX, 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_with_order_empty() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(0, 3, Order::RowMajor);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);

        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new_with_order(3, 0, Order::ColumnMajor);
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn with_capacity() {
        // doesn't impl Default
        struct Foo();

        let grid: Grid<Foo> = Grid::with_capacity(20, 20);
        assert!(grid.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(grid.order(), Order::default());
    }

    #[test]
    fn with_capacity_and_order() {
        // doesn't impl Default
        struct Foo();

        let grid: Grid<Foo> = Grid::with_capacity_and_order(20, 20, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert!(grid.is_empty());
        assert_eq!(grid.order(), Order::ColumnMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn with_capacity_panics_internal() {
        // doesn't impl Default
        struct Foo();

        let _grid: Grid<Foo> = Grid::with_capacity_and_order(usize::MAX, 2, Order::RowMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn with_capacity_panics_vec() {
        let rows: usize = isize::MAX.try_into().expect("isize::MAX is positive");
        assert!(
            core::mem::size_of::<u8>() * rows < usize::MAX,
            "shows that panic is from Vec::with_capacity, not internal check"
        );

        let _grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::with_capacity_and_order(rows, 2, Order::RowMajor);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get(0_i64, 1_i32), Some(&2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_column_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get(1, 0), Some(&2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_none() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get(1, 0), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_none_column_major() {
        let grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get(0, 1), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_mut() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get_mut(0_i64, 1_i32), Some(&mut 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_mut_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get_mut(1, 0), Some(&mut 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_mut_none() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get_mut(1, 0), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_mut_none_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2], 1, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.get_mut(0, 1), None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn idx_tup() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
        assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 1);
        assert_eq!(grid[(0, 1)], 2);
        assert_eq!(grid[(1, 0)], 3);
        assert_eq!(grid[(1, 1)], 4);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn idx_tup_panic_1() {
        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
        let _ = grid[(20, 0)];
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    #[allow(clippy::should_panic_without_expect)]
    fn idx_tup_panic_2() {
        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
        let _ = grid[(0, 20)];
    }

    #[test]
    fn idx_tup_set() {
        let mut grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
        grid[(0, 0)] = 4;
        assert_eq!(grid[(0, 0)], 4);
    }

    #[test]
    fn size() {
        let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
        assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 2));
    }

    #[test]
    fn transpose() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        grid.transpose();
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[1,4][2,5][3,6]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fill() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        grid.fill(7);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn fill_with() {
        let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        grid.fill_with(Default::default);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn map() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let mapped = grid.map(|x| x * 2);
        test_grid(&mapped, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn map_ref() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let mapped = grid.map_ref(|x| *x * 2);
        test_grid(&mapped, 2, 3, Order::RowMajor, &[2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn iter_rows() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let max_by_row: Vec<u8> = grid
            .iter_rows()
            .map(|row| row.max().unwrap())
            .copied()
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(max_by_row, vec![3, 6]);

        let sum_by_row: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_rows().map(|row| row.sum()).collect();
        assert_eq!(sum_by_row, vec![1 + 2 + 3, 4 + 5 + 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn iter_rows_rev() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let max_by_row: Vec<u8> = grid
            .iter_rows()
            .rev()
            .map(|row| row.max().unwrap())
            .copied()
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(max_by_row, vec![6, 3]);

        let sum_by_row: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_rows().rev().map(|row| row.sum()).collect();
        assert_eq!(sum_by_row, vec![4 + 5 + 6, 1 + 2 + 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_rows_exact_size() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let mut row_iter = grid.iter_rows();
        assert_eq!(row_iter.len(), 2);
        assert!(row_iter.next().is_some());
        assert_eq!(row_iter.len(), 1);
        assert!(row_iter.next().is_some());
        assert_eq!(row_iter.len(), 0);
        assert!(row_iter.next().is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn iter_cols() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let max_by_col: Vec<u8> = grid
            .iter_cols()
            .map(|col| col.max().unwrap())
            .copied()
            .collect();

        assert_eq!(max_by_col, vec![4, 5, 6]);

        let sum_by_col: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_cols().map(|row| row.sum()).collect();
        assert_eq!(sum_by_col, vec![1 + 4, 2 + 5, 3 + 6]);
    }

    #[test]
    #[allow(clippy::redundant_closure_for_method_calls)]
    fn iter_cols_rev() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let max_by_col: Vec<u8> = grid
            .iter_cols()
            .rev()
            .map(|col| col.max().unwrap())
            .copied()
            .collect();

        assert_eq!(max_by_col, vec![6, 5, 4]);

        let sum_by_col: Vec<u8> = grid.iter_cols().rev().map(|row| row.sum()).collect();
        assert_eq!(sum_by_col, vec![3 + 6, 2 + 5, 1 + 4]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_cols_exact_size() {
        let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let mut col_iter = grid.iter_cols();
        assert_eq!(col_iter.len(), 3);
        assert!(col_iter.next().is_some());
        assert_eq!(col_iter.len(), 2);
        assert!(col_iter.next().is_some());
        assert_eq!(col_iter.len(), 1);
        assert!(col_iter.next().is_some());
        assert_eq!(col_iter.len(), 0);
        assert!(col_iter.next().is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_row() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1,2][3,4][5,6]];
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(1), Some(vec![3, 4])];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 5, 6]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![1, 2])];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[5, 6]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![5, 6])];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_row_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1, 2][3, 4]];
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(5), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(1), Some(vec![3, 4])];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_row_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(1), Some(vec![3, 4])];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 5, 2, 6]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![1, 2])];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[5, 6]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), Some(vec![5, 6])];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(0), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_row_out_of_bound_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(5), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 2, 4]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_row(1), Some(vec![3, 4])];
        test_grid(&grid, 1, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_col() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1,2,3,4][5,6,7,8][9,10,11,12][13,14,15,16]];
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(3), Some(vec![4, 8, 12, 16])];
        let expected = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 3, Order::RowMajor, &expected);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![1, 5, 9, 13])];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(1), Some(vec![3, 7, 11, 15])];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[2, 6, 10, 14]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![2, 6, 10, 14])];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::RowMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_col_out_of_bound() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1, 2][3, 4]];
        assert_eq!(grid.remove_col(5), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
        assert_eq!(grid.remove_col(1), Some(vec![2, 4]));
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 1, Order::RowMajor, &[1, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_col_column_major() {
        let internal = vec![1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 10, 14, 3, 7, 11, 15, 4, 8, 12, 16];
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(internal, 4, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(3), Some(vec![4, 8, 12, 16])];
        let expected = [1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 10, 14, 3, 7, 11, 15];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 3, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![1, 5, 9, 13])];
        let expected = [2, 6, 10, 14, 3, 7, 11, 15];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &expected);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(1), Some(vec![3, 7, 11, 15])];
        test_grid(&grid, 4, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[2, 6, 10, 14]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), Some(vec![2, 6, 10, 14])];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
        assert_eq![grid.remove_col(0), None];
        test_grid(&grid, 0, 0, Order::ColumnMajor, &[]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_col_out_of_bound_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        assert_eq!(grid.remove_col(5), None);
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 2, 4]);
        assert_eq!(grid.remove_col(1), Some(vec![2, 4]));
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 1, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn flip_cols() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.flip_cols();
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[2, 1, 4, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn flip_cols_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.flip_cols();
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[2, 4, 1, 3]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn flip_rows() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4], 2, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.flip_rows();
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[3, 4, 1, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn flip_rows_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 3, 2, 4], 2, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.flip_rows();
        test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[3, 1, 4, 2]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rotate_left() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.rotate_left();
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[3, 2, 1, 6, 5, 4]);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[3,6][2,5][1,4]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rotate_left_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.rotate_left();
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[3, 6, 2, 5, 1, 4]);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[3,6][2,5][1,4]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rotate_right() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], 3, Order::RowMajor);
        grid.rotate_right();
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[4,1][5,2][6,3]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rotate_right_column_major() {
        let mut grid = Grid::from_vec_with_order(vec![1, 4, 2, 5, 3, 6], 3, Order::ColumnMajor);
        grid.rotate_right();
        test_grid(&grid, 3, 2, Order::RowMajor, &[4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3]);
        assert_eq!(grid, grid![[4,1][5,2][6,3]]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_cols_clone() {
        let grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6]];
        let mut cols = grid.iter_cols().skip(1);
        let c3: u8 = cols.clone().nth(1).unwrap().sum();
        let c2: u8 = cols.next().unwrap().sum();
        assert_eq!(c2, 2 + 5);
        assert_eq!(c3, 3 + 6);
    }

    #[test]
    fn iter_rows_clone() {
        let grid = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9]];
        let mut rows = grid.iter_rows().skip(1);
        let r3: u8 = rows.clone().nth(1).unwrap().sum();
        let r2: u8 = rows.next().unwrap().sum();
        assert_eq!(r2, 4 + 5 + 6);
        assert_eq!(r3, 7 + 8 + 9);
    }

    #[test]
    fn swap() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1,2][4,5]];
        grid.swap((0, 0), (1, 0));
        let end_grid = grid![[4,2][1,5]];
        assert_eq!(grid, end_grid);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic(expected = "grid index out of bounds: (2,0) out of (2,2)")]
    fn swap_out_of_bounds() {
        let mut grid = grid![[1,2][4,5]];
        grid.swap((0, 0), (2, 0));
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
    mod serde_tests {
        use super::*;

        #[test]
        fn serialize() {
            let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2][3, 4]];
            let s = serde_json::to_string(&grid).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(s, r#"{"cols":2,"data":[1,2,3,4],"order":"RowMajor"}"#);
        }

        #[test]
        fn deserialize() {
            let s = "{ \"cols\": 2, \"data\": [1, 2, 3, 4] }";
            let grid: Grid<u8> = serde_json::from_str(s).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(grid, grid![[1, 2][3, 4]]);
        }

        #[test]
        fn deserialize_with_order() {
            let s = "{ \"cols\": 2, \"data\": [1, 3, 2, 4], \"order\": \"ColumnMajor\" }";
            let grid: Grid<u8> = serde_json::from_str(s).unwrap();
            test_grid(&grid, 2, 2, Order::ColumnMajor, &[1, 3, 2, 4]);
        }
    }
}